Analysis of Liquid manures and their use

Transcription

1 ORGANIC FARMING RESEARCH CENTRE ZARS, NAVILE, SHIMOGA Analysis of Liquid manures and eir use Dr. N. Deva Kumar Professor of Agronomy University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore

2 Preparation of Beejamrua Cow dung Cow urine Lime water Water Soil

3 Preparation of Jeevamrua Soil Water Jaggery Cow dung Pulse flour Cow urine

4 Preparation of Panchagavya Ghee Jaggery Cow urine Curd Cow dung Banana Milk Coconut

5 Analytical studies of Beejamrua Jeevamrua and Panchagavya

6 Nutrient contents of Beejamrua Samples Content in Per cent N P K ph Mn Cu Beejamrua Cow dung (desi) Cow urine (desi)

7 Nutrient contents of Jeevamrua Samples Content in Per cent N P K ph Mn Cu Jeevamrua Jaggery Flour Cow dung (desi) Cow urine (desi)

8 Micro nutrients contents of beejamrua and jeevamrua Content in ppm Nutrient Beejamura (fresh) Jeevamrua (7 days old) Zn Cu Mn Fe Copper and manganese content of jeevamrua Days after preparation (DAP) Content in ppm Cu Mn

9 Microbial studies of beejamrua and jeevamrua Bacteria Microorganisms Fungi Actinomycetes Beejamrua (First day) 523 Jeevamrua (10 DAP) Fungi (104) Actinomycetes (103) 8 9 N fixers (103) P solubilizers (103) Bacteria (105) 825

10 Microbial studies Highest colony forming units (CFU s) of microbes in beejamrua were recorded on first day after preparation (DAP) Bacterial count (mostly N fixers) was almost double an cow dung Actinomycetes Fungi, actinomycetes, Nfixers and Psolublisers count was less an cow dung Highest colony forming units (CFU s) of microbes in jeevamrua were recorded between 9 to 12 DAP Maximum bacterial and Nfixers observed at 11 and 12 DAP P solublisers, fungal and actinomycetes count was more at 9 DAP 13 DAP ere was a reduction in e microbial count count was Nfixers Psolubilisers

11 Microbial studies of Beejamrua 700 Bacteria (x 105) Fungi (x 104) Actinomycetes (x 103) Nfixers (x 103) Psolubilisers (x 103) Microbial population (CFU's) Days after preperation (DAP) 6 7 Fig 5. Microbial population of beejamrua at different Fig 1. Microbial population of beejamrua at different days after preparation days after preperation

12 Microbial studies of jeevamrua 900 Bacteria (x 105) Fungi (x 104) Actinomycetes (x 103) Nfixers (x 103) Psolubilisers (x 103) 800 Microbial population (CFU's) Days after preperation (DAP) 4. Microbial of jeevamrua at different days after MicrobialFig. population of populaton jeevamrua at different days after preparation preperation

13 Microbial studies of Panchagavya 1200 Bacteria Fungi Actinomycetes Psolubilizers Nfixers s U F C st 0 2 d n 1 2 d n 2 rd DAYS Microbial population of panchagavya at different days after preparation

14 Use of Liquid manures in Rice and Fieldbean

15 Seedling treatment Beejamrua Cow urine Panchagavya Biofertilizers

16 Application of jeevamrua

17 Spraying of panchagavya at different stages of crop grow

18 Mulching at different crop grow stages

19 Different stages of crop grow

20 Effect of organic farming and Palekar meod of cultivation on yield of paddy Palekar meod 40 Organic Farming a /h q ld ie Y Khairf Summer Seasons Kharif

21 Effect of organic farming and Palekar meod on straw yield of paddy Palekar meod Organic Farming a /h q ld ie Y Kharif Summer Seasons Kharif

22 Effect of panchagavya on paddy yield Wiout a /h q ld ie Y 30 Wi Kharif Summer Seasons Kharif

23 Effect of panchagvya on paddy straw yield Wiout Wi ld ie Y q a /h Khairf Summer Seasons Kharif

24 Effect of seedling treatment on paddy yield Liquid biof ertilizers Panchagavya 30 Beejamrua a /h q ld ie Y Cow urine Control Kharif Summer 2007 Khairf Treatments

25 Effect of Panchagavya on yield of field bean Pachagavya Sl Concentration No (%) Yield % (Q/ha) increase

26 Effect of jeevamrua on yield of field bean Sl No Jeevamrua ( l / ac) Yield % (Q / ha) increase

27 Table 1. Effect of panchagavya on paddy Kharif Summer Kharif Treatments Yield Percent increase Yield Percent increase Yield Percent increase Grain yield (q / ha) Wi Panchagavya Wiout Straw yield (q / ha) Wi Panchagavya Wiout

28 Table 2. Effect of seedling treatment on paddy yield (q / ha) Kharif Treatments Summer Kharif Yield Percent increase Yield Percent increase Yield Percent increase Liquid biofertilizers Panchagavya Beejamrua Cow urine Control

29 Table 3. Effect of organic farming and Palekar meod of cultivation Treatments Kharif Yield Summer Percent decrease Yield Kharif Percent decrease Yield Percent decrease Grain yield (q / ha) Palekar meod Organic Farming Straw yield (q / ha) Palekar meod Organic Farming

30 Table 1. Effect of seedling treatment, panchagavya application and organic farming systems of cultivation on grain and straw yield of paddy Kharif paddy (200708) Grain yield (Kg / ha) Straw yield ( Kg / ha) Organic Farming systems (F) Organic Farming systems (F) System I (F1) System II (F2) System I (F1) System II (F2) Wi (P1) Wi out (P2) Panchagavya Spray (P) Ftest S.Em+ C.D at 5% Ftest S.Em+ C.D at 5% F * * P NS * Fx P NS NS F1 : Palekar s meod F2 : Wiout Palekar s meod

31 Cont. Grain yield (Kg / ha) Straw yield ( Kg / ha) Organic Farming systems (F) Organic Farming systems (F) System I (F1) System II (F2) System I (F1) System II (F2) S1 control S2 beejamrua S3 cow urine Seedling treatments (S) S4 panchagavya S5 liquid biofertilizers Ftest S.Em+ C.D at 5% Ftest S.Em+ C.D at 5 % S NS * FxS NS NS 332.5

32 Effect of seedling treatment, Panchagavya application and organic farming systems of cultivation on grain and straw yield of Paddy Summer paddy (200708) Panchagavya Sprays (P) Grain yield (q/ha) Straw yield (q/ha) Organic Farming systems (F) Organic Farming systems (F) System I (F1) SystemII (F2) System I (F1) System II (F2) Wi (P1) Wi out (P2) Ftest S.Ed+ C.D at 5 % Ftest S.Ed+ C.D at 5 % F ** ** P ** ** Fx P NS 2.36 * F1 : Palekar s meod F2 : Wiout Palekar s meod

33 Cont Seedling treatments Grain yield (q/ha) Straw yield (q/ha) Organic Farming systems (F) Organic Farming systems (F) System I (F1) System I (F1) System II (F2) SystemII (F2) S1 control S2 beejamrua S3 cow urine S4 panchagavya S5 liquid biofertilizers Ftest S.Ed+ C.D at 5 % Ftest S.Ed+ C.D at 5 % S NS 1.67 * FxS NS 2.36 NS 2.50 F1 : Palekar s meod F2 : Wiout Palekar s meod

34 Effect of seedling treatment, Panchagavya application and organic farming systems of cultivation on grain and straw yield of Paddy Kharif paddy (200708) Panchagavya Sprays (P) Grain yield (q/ha) Straw yield (q/ha) Organic Farming systems (F) Organic Farming systems (F) System I (F1) SystemII (F2) System I (F1) System II (F2) Wi (P1) Wi out (P2) Ftest S.Ed+ C.D at 5 % Ftest S.Ed+ C.D at 5 % F ** ** P ** ** Fx P NS 2.36 * F1 : Palekar s meod F2 : Wiout Palekar s meod

35 Cont Seedling treatments Grain yield (q/ha) Straw yield (q/ha) Organic Farming systems (F) Organic Farming systems (F) System I (F1) System I (F1) System II (F2) SystemII (F2) S1 control S2 beejamrua S3 cow urine S4 panchagavya S5 liquid biofertilizers Ftest S.Ed+ C.D at 5 % Ftest S.Ed+ C.D at 5 % S NS 1.67 * FxS NS 2.36 NS 2.50 F1 : Palekar s meod F2 : Wiout Palekar s meod

36 Effect of seedling treatment, panchagavya application and organic farming systems of cultivation on transplanted paddy Kharif paddy (200809) Panchagavya Sprays (P) Grain yield (q/ha) Straw yield (q/ha) Organic Farming systems (F) Organic Farming systems (F) System I (F1) SystemII (F2) System I (F1) System II (F2) Wi (P1) Wi out (P2) Ftest S.Ed+ C.D at 5 % Ftest S.Ed+ C.D at 5 % F ** ** P ** ** Fx P NS 1.00 NS 1.57 F1 : Palekar s meod F2 : Wiout Palekar s meod

37 Cont Seedling treatments Grain yield (q/ha) Straw yield (q/ha) Organic Farming systems (F) Organic Farming systems (F) System I (F1) System I (F1) System II (F2) SystemII (F2) S1 control S2 beejamrua S3 cow urine S4 panchagavya S5 liquid biofertilizers Ftest S.Ed+ C.D at 5 % Ftest S.Ed+ C.D at 5 % S NS 1.21 * FxS NS 0.80 NS 2.48 F1 : Palekar s meod F2 : Wiout Palekar s meod

38 Effect of seedling treatment, panchagavya application and organic farming systems of cultivation on transplanted Paddy Paddy grain yield (kg/ha) Wi out Jeevamrua Wi out FYM (Only Jeevamrua) Wi FYM Yield increase (%) Control Beejamrua Cow urine Panchagavya Liquid biofertilizers Treatments

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