Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology of Cattle. Heat detection and Timing of Insemination s
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2 10/4/2009
3 Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology of Cattle AI Technique in Cattle 1930 s Handling of Frozen Semen 1950 s Heat detection and Timing of Insemination s Sexed Semen 1980 s 10/4/2009
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5 What lies below the reproductive tract? 10/4/2009
6 What lies below the reproductive tract? Bladder 10/4/2009
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10 Where is semen deposited during natural breeding? During AI? 10/4/2009
11 Where is semen deposited during natural breeding? Anterior portion of vagina During AI? Uterine body 10/4/2009
12 Uterine contraction under the influence of Oxytocin aid in sperm transport. 10/4/2009
13 Third Years Position? 10/4/2009
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16 Right-handed vs. Left-handed? What structure displaces the tract to the right? 10/4/2009
17 Right-handed vs. Left-handed? What structure displaces the tract to the right? Rumen 10/4/2009
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23 PLACE CERVIX ONTO GUN!!! 10/4/2009
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25 Slowly dispense semen into UTERINE BODY over a few seconds. 10/4/2009
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30 What is semen stored in? What temp is semen thawed at? Temperature? How long? How many sperm are in a.5ml straw? What kills semen? 10/4/2009
31 Semen storage:.5 ml or.25ml straws 5 or more straws per goblet 2 goblets per metal cane Canes stored in canisters 1 or more canisters per tank.5 ml straw = million sperm Each semen cane is identified with the bull s code number printed on top. 10/4/2009
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33 -320 degrees F 10/4/2009
34 Forceps Thermos w/ thermometer Scissors Straw gun Disposable sheaths Split vs. non-split 0 ring (if needed) Paper towels Sleeves 10/4/2009
35 Place straw in 95 degree F water bath for 45 seconds. 10/4/2009
36 Wipe straw completely before placing it in your pre-warmed AI gun. 10/4/2009
37 Cut ¼ in below crimped end of the straw at a 90 degree angle. 10/4/2009
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42 What is semen stored in? What temp is semen thawed at? Temperature? How long? How many semen are in a.5ml straw? What kills semen? 10/4/2009
43 What is semen stored in? Liquid Nitrogen Temperature? -320 F How many sperm are in a.5ml straw? million What temp is semen thawed at? 98 F How long? 45 seconds What kills semen? water, cold, blood, etc 10/4/2009
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45 Secondary signs of heat include? 10/4/2009
46 Secondary sighs of heat include? SAG s Mounting (which one is in heat?) Head laying Frequent urination Vulvar mucous discharge Roughed tail head Dirty flanks 10/4/2009
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48 Estrus: Hormones? Uterus? Ovaries? Behavior? 10/4/2009
49 Estrus: Hormones? Uterus? Ovaries? from Behavior? E2 Toned Large follicles, old, small CL s previous cycles Standing Heat 10/4/2009
50 Luteal Phase: Hormones? Uterus? Ovaries? 10/4/2009
51 Luteal Phase: Hormones? Uterus? Ovaries? P4, low levels of E2 and Inhibin from follicular waves Early edematous and flaccid late Early ovulation follicle depression, CL palpable by day 5, numerous small follicles that develop then regress 10/4/2009
52 Follicular Phase: Hormones? Uterus? Ovaries? 10/4/2009
53 Follicular Phase: Hormones? Uterus? Ovaries? Increasing levels of E2 Increasing tone CL rapidly regresses, concurrent increase in diameter of pre-ovulatory follicle 10/4/2009
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55 Maintain a short calving interval Longer time for uterine involution Induce synchronous cycling w/in herd Induction of fertile heat in anestrous cows Calves born earlier in calving season = increased weaning weights at sale Breed heifers before cows to allow for additional recovery time post-calving. Selection of low birth weight, calving ease bulls for heifers w/o the $ of bull on farm 10/4/2009
56 What time of the day do cows show heat most frequently? What is the AM/PM Rule? 10/4/2009
57 What time of the day do cows show heat most frequently? What is the AM/PM Rule? Between midnight and 6am Inseminate cows/heifers hours after first standing heat. Seen in the evening then breed the next morning. Seen in the morning wait to breed that evening. 10/4/2009
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59 P4 GnRH Melengesterol Acetate (P4) PGF 10/4/2009
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67 Semen is stained with a fluorescent dye and sent through a flowcytometer at 60 mph, under psi of pressure. X- chromosome is larger than Y = more fluorescence. Slow process 30% sperm orientated correctly 15% of that 30% = Female = Marketable 10% chance of getting a male 10/4/2009
68 More expensive Experienced AI technician needed Best used in virgin heifers Increased chances of heifer calves from 50% to 90% (Dairy) Fast way to grow a herd size internally Increased biosecurity Heifer calves are generally smaller than bulls = calving ease Beef producers can select for bulls = steers = more money 10/4/2009
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