Epithelial Tissue. SAC Request. Epithelial Tissue 27/06/12. Linings and? BIOL241
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1 Epithelial Tissue Linings and? BIOL241 SAC Request From Audrey Rose Cabinet Coordinator Student Administrative Council SAC is looking for dedicated students to apply for the Student Cabinet, Fee Board, Arts & Lectures, and Research & Advocacy committee positions Do you want to get involved? Have good leadership qualities? h-ps://studentleadership.northsea-le.edu/ room CC1446. Applica>on deadline: July 10 Epithelial Tissue Basics: Characteristics and functions of epithelia Cell junctions Classification of epithelia Exocrine glands 1
2 Four types of tissues in the body Groups of cells similar in structure and function The four types: Epithelial Connective Muscle Nerve Remember the levels of organization What is an Epithelium? Epi = on or around Thele = nipple Covers the external body surface (epidermis), lines cavities and tubules, and generally marks off our insides from our outsides Other examples? 2
3 Epithelial Tissues two types Epithelia: layers of cells covering internal or external surfaces Glands: structures that produce secretions Characteristics of Epithelia 1. Cellularity: composed of cells bound by cell junctions 2. Polarity: apical and basal surfaces 3. Attachment: via basal lamina to underlying connective tissue 4. Avascularity: no blood vessels (but richly innervated) 5. Regeneration: germinative cell division Free Surface and Attached Surface Polarity: apical and basolateral surfaces Figure 4 1 3
4 Repairing and Replacing Epithelia Epithelia are replaced by division of germinative cells (stem cells) Near basal lamina Func>ons of Epithelial Tissue 1. Provide physical protec>on 2. Control permeability 3. Move fluids over the surface 4. Provide sensa>on (e.g. neuroepithelia) 5. Produce specialized secre>ons (glandular epithelium) Specializa>ons Microvilli increase absorp>on or secre>on Cilia (ciliated epithelium) move fluids 4
5 Effective Barriers Physical integrity is maintained by: intercellular connections attachment to basal lamina maintenance and repair Cell Junctions How many kinds? How are they different? Cell Junc/ons 5
6 Cell junctions Tight Junctions surround cells, waterproof Isolates wastes in the lumen Gap junctions allow rapid communication Desmosomes tie cells together with great strength (like rivets) Hemidesmosomes attach Figure 4 2b Desmosomes CAMs, dense areas, and intercellular cement Figure 4 2d Attachment to Basal Lamina Hemidesmosomes Figure 4 2e 6
7 Classification of epithelia Cell shape Squamous: flat Cuboidal: square Columnar: tall Layers of cells Simple: one layer of cells (what is a function?) Stratified: many layers of cells (what is a function?) Classes of Epithelia Based on shape and layers Table 4 1 Classification of Epithelia Simple or stratified Figure 4.1a 7
8 27/06/12 Classification of Epithelia Squamous, cuboidal, or columnar Figure 4.1b Simple Squamous Epithelia Single layer of flattened cells with discshaped nuclei and sparse cytoplasm Look like a fried egg from the top most delicate Diffusion, friction reduction Special names Mesothelium: lines body cavities (e.g. peritoneum, pleura) Endothelium: lines heart and blood vessels Epithelia: Simple Squamous Figure 4.2a 8
9 27/06/12 Simple Squamous Epithelium Figure 4 3a Epithelia: Simple Cuboidal Single layer of cube-like cells with large, spherical central nuclei Function in secretion and absorption Present in kidney tubules, ducts and secretory portions of small glands, and ovary surface Epithelia: Simple Cuboidal Figure 4.2b 9
10 27/06/12 Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Kidney tubules Figure 4 4a Epithelia: Simple Columnar Single layer of tall cells with oval nuclei May contain microvilli Goblet cells are often found in this layer Function in absorption and secretion Line digestive tract and gallbladder, small bronchi, uterine tubes, and some regions of the uterus Epithelia: Simple Columnar Figure 4.2c 10
11 27/06/12 Epithelia: Simple Columnar Intestinal lining Epithelia: Pseudostratified Columnar Single layer of cells with different heights; all touch the basal lamina but some do not reach the free surface Nuclei are seen at different layers Function in secretion and propulsion of mucus Present in the male sperm-carrying ducts (nonciliated) and trachea (ciliated) Epithelia: Pseudostratified Columnar Figure 4.2d 11
12 27/06/12 Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Trachea Figure 4 5b Epithelia: Transitional Several cell layers, basal cells are cuboidal, surface cells are dome shaped (or flat) Stretches to permit the distension of the urinary bladder Lines the urinary bladder, ureters, and part of the urethra Epithelia: Transitional Figure 4.2f 12
13 Epithelia: Transitional Urinary bladder Figure 4.2f Stratified epithelia Epithelia: Stra>fied Squamous Thick membrane composed of several layers of cells (the only one with more than 2 or 3 true layers) Func>ons in protec>on of underlying areas subjected to abrasion Forms the external part of the skin s epidermis (kera>nized cells), and linings of the esophagus, mouth, and vagina (nonkera>nized cells) 13
14 27/06/12 Epithelia: Stratified Squamous Figure 4.2e Epithelia: Stratified Cuboidal Quite rare in the body Found in some sweat and mammary glands Typically two cell layers thick Only top layer is cuboidal Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Sweat gland ducts Figure 4 4b 14
15 Epithelia: Stratified Columnar Limited distribution in the body Found in the pharynx, male urethra, and lining some glandular ducts Also occurs at transition areas between two other types of epithelia Stratified Columnar Epithelium Rare Salivary gland duct Figure 4 5c Epithelia: Glandular A gland is one or more cells that makes and secretes an aqueous fluid Classified by: Site of product release endocrine or exocrine Relative number of cells forming the gland unicellular or multicellular 15
16 Glandular Epithelia Endocrine and exocrine glands Figure 4 6 Glands Endocrine Ductless glands that produce hormones Secretions include amino acids, proteins, glycoproteins, and steroids Exocrine More numerous than endocrine glands Secrete their products onto body surfaces (skin) or into body cavities via ducts Examples include mucous, sweat, oil, digestive, and salivary glands The only important unicellular gland is the goblet cel EXAMPLES? Goblet Cell Figure 4.3b 16
17 Glands are classified based on mode of secretion - 3 types Modes of Secretion Merocrine products are secreted by exocytosis (e.g., pancreas, sweat, and salivary glands) Holocrine products are secreted by the rupture of gland cells (e.g., sebaceous glands) Apocrine products acumulate in the top of the cell and then it breaks down Summary Epithelial tissue structures and functions Cell junctions Classification by cell shape and layers Glands 17
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