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2 OJ When an organism grows, new cells are produced by cell division. (a) What type of cell division happens to produce new body cells? Tick one box. ifferentiation Meiosis Mitosis (b) Why can cancers grow very large? Tick one box. Cancer cells are specialised Cell division is slow Cell division is uncontrolled (c) Give one factor which increases the risk of getting cancer. Page 2 of 17

3 {d) Survival rates for people with cancer have improved a lot. People who are alive 10 years after diagnosis are usually considered to be cured. The figure below shows data for people diagnosed with cancer in 1961 and , Percentage 60 of people alive years after diagnosis 40 '.-- 11, tt... - I ".-::-- " I' 1- r,-- 1-r Key iagnosed in 1961 O iagnosed in i r-. - I -.- -: I I 1 ~ - ' ' I Breast Prostate Skin Testicular Type of cancer 78% of people diagnosed with breast cancer in 2001 were alive 10 years later. Complete the figure above to show this information. (e) Which type of cancer diagnosed in 1961 had the highest survival rate? Tick one box. Breast Prostate Skin Testicular Page 3 of 17

4 (f) Which type of cancer shows the biggest improvement in the percentage of people alive after 10 years? Tick one box. Breast Prostate Skin Testicular (g) Suggest two reasons why the survival rates for all cancers have increased (2) (Total 8 marks) Page 4 of 17

5 0 The diagram below shows the human digestive system. I A. I Organ A 'AllU1 \ \ I Organ B (a) (i) What is Organ A? ~ raw a ring around the correct answer. gall bladder liver stomach (ii) What is Organ B? raw a ring around the correct answer. large intestine pancreas small intestine Page 5 of 17

6 {b) igestive enzymes are made by different organs in the digestive system. Complete the table below putting a tick (./) or cross (X) in the boxes. The first row has been done for you. Organ producing enzyme salivary glands stomach pancreas small intestine amylase./ X././ Enzyme lipase protease - (2) (c) The stomach also makes hydrochloric acid. How does the acid help digestion? (d) raw one line from each digestive enzyme to the correct breakdown product. igestive enzyme Breakdown products amino acids. Amylase breaks down starch into... bases. Lipase breaks down fats Into... fatty acids and glycerol. Protease breaks down proteins into... sugars. (3) (Total 8 marks) Page 6 of 17

7 0 Billions of years ago, the Earth's early atmosphere was probably like the atmosphere of Venus today. The table shows a comparison of the atmospheres of the Earth and Venus today. Percentage composition of atmosphere Name of gas Earth today Venus today Nitrogen Oxygen 21 a trace Argon 0.97 a trace Carbon dioxide Average surface temperature 20 C 460 C (a) Use the names of gases from the table to complete the sentences. (i) In the Earth's atmosphere today, the main gas is.... (ii) In the Earth's atmosphere billions of years ago, the main gas was (b) (i) Scientists do not know the accurate composition of the Earth's early atmosphere. Suggest why. (ii) Use information from the table to answer this question. Water vapour is present in the atmospheres of the Earth and Venus today. The Earth's surface is mainly covered by water. Suggest why there is no water on the surface of Venus. Page 7 of 17

8 (c) The diagram shows how carbon dioxide is removed from the Earth's atmosphere. Carbon dioxide \!ygm Carbon dioxide l Ocean ~. -.. '.. : escribe what happened to the carbon dioxide in the Earth's early atmosphere. Use the diagram to help you. (3) (Total7 marks) Page 8 of 17

9 0 This question is about calcium. (a) What type of compound is calcium oxide? Tick one box. An acid Abase A carbonate A salt (b) Ionic compounds, such as calcium oxide, have high melting points. Complete the sentences. Use words from the box. [ bonds forces ions layers Calcium oxide has a giant ionic lattice in which there are strong electrostatic... of attraction in all directions. Page 9 of 17

10 (c) The figure below shows the electronic structure of an oxygen atom and a calcium atom. Oxygen atom Calcium atom x.x--., ~~ \.: )J \ ~:x---/ '-x-~ escribe how the calcium atom and the oxygen atom forms calcium oxide. You should give the charge on each ion formed. (4) (Total 6 marks) Page 10 of 17

11 0 Figure 1 shows the forces acting on a car moving at a constant speed. Figure 1 A 0 4 :--. A ". ~... ~ C 8 (a) Which force would have to increase to make the car accelerate? Tick one box. A B c (b) The car travels a distance of 2040 metres in 2 minutes. Use the following equation to calculate the mean speed of the car. mean speed = distance time Mean speed= m Is (2) Page 11 of 17

12 (c) The car makes an emergency stop. Figure 2 shows the thinking distance and braking distance of the car. Figure 2 Thinking distance = 12 m 1 I Braking distance = 24 m What is the stopping distance? (d) The person driving the car is tired. What effect will this have on the thinking distance and braking distance? Tick one box for thinking distance. Tick one box for braking distance. decreases increases stays the same thinking distance braking distance 0 The diagram shows a simple type of car rear window heater. The six heating elements are exactly the same. (2) (Total 6 marks) 12V car battery Heating element Page 12 of 17

13 Each heating element has a resistance of 5 n. The current passing through each element is 0.4 A. (i) Calculate the total resistance of the six heating elements. Show clearly how you work out your answer. Total resistance =... ohms (2) (ii) Why is the current passing through each element the same? (iii) What is the total current passing through the whole circuit? (iv) How is the 12 volt potential difference of the car battery shared between the six heating elements? (Total 5 marks) Page 13 of 17

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