Do Now #1. Name: Enzymes & ph. 1. Enzymes, hormones and cell receptors are examples of which type of macromolecule?

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1 Name: Do Now #1 Enzymes & ph 1. Enzymes, hormones and cell receptors are examples of which type of macromolecule? 2. What do you think enzymes do for the body? Chemical reactions with enzymes are used to Chemical reactions with enzymes are used to Wait, what s a chemical reaction? When react

2 Label the reactants and the products: : The substances that react : The substances that are produced Why do we need Enzymes? Will molecules breakdown or synthesize without enzymes? Why are enzymes important for chemical reactions? Hmmmmm. 1. Does a Jolly rancher or Starburst dissolve faster in your mouth or a glass of water? 2. Why might this happen? How could you speed up this chemical reaction?

3 Do Now #2 1. Why are enzymes necessary for living organisms? 2. How are enzymes different from one another? 3. Can chemical reactions occur without enzymes? Explain. Enzymes: Enzymes are that Catalyst something that Example: Carbon dioxide and water will come together to make carbonic acid in red blood cells. Without enzymes = 200 molecules of carbonic acid synthesized in an hour With enzymes = about 600,000 molecules of carbonic acid are synthesized EVERY SECOND!! Enzymes are very Each enzyme only has Examples: o Lactose (a disaccharide), will only be broken down by the enzyme o Maltose -- will only be broken down by Maltase o Starch (amylose) will only be broken down by Amylase o Proteins will only be broken down by Protease (Peptidase) Wait a minute what do you notice about many enzyme names? Protease, Amylase, Maltase, Lactase, Lipase How can you tell which word is a sugar and which is an enzyme? o Amylase vs. Amylose Why do enzymes only help catalyze (speed up) only one type of reaction? allows only (substrates) to bind to the enzyme. -- the specific reactants that an enzyme acts on -- the part of the enzyme where the substrate connects.

4 ! **Substrate active site = is like a LOCK AND KEY LABEL YOUR DIAGRAM Complete sentences Question Look at the active site. Did the active site change after the reaction? What does this tell you? Write a sentence or two stating the conclusion or relationship between the active site and the substrate. Can this enzyme be used again for the same reaction? Can it be used for a different reaction? Example: Amylase only breaks down starch (amylose) Which molecule is the enzyme and which is the substrate? (USING THE WORDS ONLY)

5 Enzymes are Reused Over and over and over again (USING PICTURE ABOVE) What type of reaction is this (break down or synthesis)? What changed in this reaction? What stayed the same? YOUR CONCLUSION: Enzymes = Specific, Picky and High Maintenance The rate at which enzymes catalyze their reactions changes as the conditions inside the cell change! Conditions that effect enzyme reaction rate are: (acidic, basic, neutral) Temperature affects Enzyme Function Too cold = enzymes work slow! Too hot = enzymes begin to denature! o Proteins begin to at high temperatures o Why is this bad?? Every enzyme has an optimal temperature it works best at!

6 A. What is the optimal temperature of the enzyme shown in the graph? B. What temperature does the enzyme begin to denature? C. What temperature range does this enzyme work? D. Why is a very high fever considered dangerous? ph affects Enzyme Function What is ph? Measure of how or a solution is ph Scale measures how ph = usually between 0-14 ph 0 = very ph 14 = very ph 7 = ( ) Name some acidic things = What is the ph of human blood? What is the ph of water?

7 ph affects Enzyme Function! Just like temperature, enzymes (proteins) will start to permanently if the ph is not what the enzyme needs! Do all enzymes work best at the same ph? What is the optimum rate for gastric protease in this graph? Summary Questions Do all enzymes react best at the same temperatures? Do all enzymes react best at the same ph? What is ph a measure of? What happens to an enzyme when it is to hot or acidic?