Effect of Different Weaning Strategies on Survival and Growth of Endangered Fish Pengba, Osteobrama belangeri (Valenciennes, 1844) Larvae

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1 Avilble online t Kumr et l Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (5): (2017) ISSN: DOI: ISSN: Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (5): (2017) Reserch Article Effect of Different Wening Strtegies on Survivl nd Growth of Endngered Fish Pengb, Osteobrm belngeri (Vlenciennes, 1844) Lrve Adity Kumr 1*, Chrn Rvi 2, Thongm Ibemch Chnu 3*, Sudhnshu Mishr 4, Udy Kumr 1 nd Prtp Chndr Ds 4 1 ICAR-Ntionl Bureu of Fish Genetic Resources, Cnl Ring Rod, Dilkush, Lucknow, Uttr Prdesh, Indi 2 PMFGR Centre- ICAR-Ntionl Bureu of Fish Genetic Resources, Ernkulm North, Kochi, Kerl, Indi 3 Centrl Institute of Fisheries Eduction Kkind Centre, Ner Old Burm shell, Bech Rod, Kkind , Indi 4Centrl Institute of Freshwter Aquculture, Kuslygng, Bhubneswr, Odish, Indi *Corresponding Author E-mil: Emil-thongm@cife.edu.in Received: Revised: Accepted: ABSTRACT The effects of different feeding regimes on lrvl growth nd survivl of pengb, Osteobrm belngeri were investigted. Experiment ws conducted for 25 dys in fifteen FRP tnks filled with 50 L of wter nd lrve were 2/litre. Lrve were fed with five different experimentl diets vrying on the type of food (Zooplnkton, Groundnut oil cke, Rice brn, Soy milk nd egg custrd) nd the time fter htching t which those different food items were offered to lrve were evluted to find out most wening strtegies for pengb lrve. The result indictes tht lrve t erly wening 7 dys post htch (dhp) show higher survivl wheres lte wening 12 dhp showed higher growth rte. Considering the lrvl survivl is key to lrvl rering, erly wening is recommended for pengb lrve. This finding will help in improving the ctul lrvl rering techniques for this emerging pengb species. Key words: Osteobrm belngeri, Growth, Survivl, Wening, Zooplnkton, Dry mel INTRODUCTION Osteobrm belngeri (Pengb) is one of the most importnt crp fish emerging s potentil cndidte species for diversifiction of freshwter quculture in Indi, nd hve high mrket demnd in Mnipur nd other North- Est sttes. It hs slow growth, but due to delicious flvor it fetches very good mrket price in North-Est Indi. Moreover, the fish hs lmost vnished from the Loktk lke 16 nd other wter bodies of the Mnipur. Furthermore, this fish species is ctegorized s thretened by the IUCN nd it fces high risk of extinction 4 (CAMP, 1997), which rises the issue of sustinble exploittion of this biologicl resource. Therefore, induced breeding nd lrvl rering should be considered s high priority for culture intensifiction, diversifiction, conservtion nd restocking spect 3,18. Cite this rticle: Kumr, A., Rvi, C., Chnu, T.I., Mishr, S., Kumr, U., Ds, P.C., Effect of Different Wening Strtegies on Survivl nd Growth of Endngered Fish Pengb, Osteobrm belngeri (Vlenciennes, 1844) lrve, Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5(5): (2017). doi: Copyright Sept.-Oct., 2017; IJPAB 951

2 However, there is n urgent need for relible, effective nd efficient lrvl rering techniques to ensure consistent production of good qulity fry. Apprently, lrvl rering is one of the importnt components for ny successful quculture. It requires feed with high protein, min source of energy which plys n importnt role in determining the growth rte in different life stges 11. Severl studies hve been performed on the nutrition profiling of lrve nd dults. It hs been reported tht the requirements for protein nd essentil ftty cids in lrvl fish re greter thn in dult fish. These vritions occur due to the morphology of the digestive orgns, the digestive process nd the feeding behviour 6. Specil ttention should be given for lrvl rering, s this stge is more crucil thn those of ny stges of life cycle. The present study is crried out to determine the pproprite feed for lrvl survivl nd growth of pengb. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment ws conducted t Crp section, Centrl Institute of Freshwter Aquculture, Bhubneswr, Indi. About 1500 htchery-produced spwn (2dph) of Pengb (Osteobrm belngiri) were rndomly selected for the tril. Prior to stocking, tnks were filled with plnkton filtered pond wter nd provided outdoor condition with proper ertion. Five different dietry tretments vrying in food type such s Zooplnkton, dry feed or soy milk, egg custrd nd their combintions were given. All tretments were performed in triplicte. The different feed offered to pengb lrve were designed to find out the most convenient feeding regime nd wening strtegy. Exogenous feeding lrve (3dph) were rered until 25 dys (28 dph). Before the strt of experiment, one hundred lrve (2dph; verge wet weight 1.31 mg) were stocked (2 lrv l -1 ) in fifteen circulr FRP tnk contining 50 litres of wter. The lrve were fed two times dy (8:00 nd 17:00 h) with different designed diets (Figure 1). Aertion in ech tnk ws provided with ir stone to promote homogeneous distribution of feed in the wter column. Through-out the rering period dissolved oxygen, ph nd wter temperture were recorded in situ, wheres totl lklinity, totl hrdness nd dissolved inorgnic nutrients (totl mmoni nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, nitrte-nitrogen) were nlysed in lbortory, following stndrd protocols 2. The tnks were siphoned dily during morning hours before feeding to remove uneten feed nd fecl residues. Growth prmeters Fish lrve were smpled on 5 th, 10 th, 15 th, 20 th nd 25 th dy of culture to ssess their growth performnce (length, weight nd specific growth rte). Ten lrve from ech experimentl tnk were rndomly smpled. Lrve were strved overnight before tking their weight. Three different prmeters were considered for growth mesurements i.e. percentge weight gin, specific growth rte (SGR) nd survivl rte. At the end of the experiment, ll the tnks were dewtered nd the number of niml in ech experimentl tnk ws counted. The following formuls were used to clculte different growth prmeters: Percentge weight gin = 100 SGR (%) = 100 Survivl (%) = 100 Sttisticl nlyses To determine the significnce differences between the men of different growth prmeter, survivl were sttisticlly nlysed using sttisticl pckge SAS by one-wy ANOVA nd Duncn multiple rnge tests. Significnt differences mong tretments were tested t the 0.05 significnt levels. Copyright Sept.-Oct., 2017; IJPAB 952

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS dys, 11 to 20 dys with zooplnkton nd dry In quculture industry, the production relies feed nd finlly dry feed till 25 dys of on lrvl survivl nd their rering prctices. culture), wheres lowest gin in verge body Lrvl rering depends minly on the weight nd length ws reported in T-3 group vilbility of suitble diets tht re redily (lrve fed with Soy milk nd Egg custrd 1:1 consumed nd efficiently digested, this v/w till 25 dys). Moreover, n incresed provides the required nutrients to support high specific growth of lrve till 10 th dy of the growth nd mintin good helth. In generl, culture nd lter grdully decresed (Figure dpttion of fish lrve to micro diets 4). The highest specific growth rte ws found requires protocols to dpt them through in T-5 tretment group, wheres the lowest period of drstic morphologicl, physiologicl in the T-4 tretment group t the end of the nd behviourl chnges ccording to culture period. The dt were sttisticlly nutritionl nd environmentl requirements 21. compred nd noticed tht tretment group T- Moreover, developmentl stges re the most 3 nd T-5 were significnt, the rest ws importnt independent vrible ffecting found insignificnt. growth performnce nd nutritionl condition The significnt chnges in overll of the lrve 1. Mny uthors hve studied the growth performnce of the lrve my be due effects of different nutritionl diet on the to some other fctors tht influence feeding growth performnce of lrvl of different such s type nd size of the rering tnks, size species 15,7,22,13,14. However, informtion ws of the lrve, stocking density, qulity nd lcking on the rering of O. belngeri. Thus, quntity of feed, production system etc 17. we studied the effect of different feed During feeding prctices, it ws noticed tht combintions on their body growth (in terms the growth (in terms of body weight) ws of verge weight nd verge length), SGR initilly higher when the lrve were fed with nd survivl rte. A significnt difference in zooplnkton, especilly T-1 nd T-5 tretment their body growth, SGR nd survivl rte ws groups. Lter, lrve showed good response noticed when provided sme environmentl towrd GNOC nd rice brn mixture (T-5 condition. tretment group). These indicte tht the The lrvl growth in length nd weight htchling of O. belngeri cn be successfully ws recorded t 5-dys intervl throughout the wened from live to rtificil diet s compred culture period. Menwhile, specific growth to other tretment groups. However, Feed rte nd percentge body weight gin were intke of fish depends on size of the prey nd clculted. At the end of the experiment the predtor, qulity, density, physicl totl lrve were counted to clculte the ttrctiveness nd mode of presenttion of survivl percentge. The timeline dt showed food 12. A study ws performed by Hrpz et grdul increse in verge body weight nd l. 10 nd showed higher growth rte fry of length of pengb lrve (Figure 2 & 3). Poecili reticult when they were fed with Initilly, verge body weight nd length were finely ground powder s compred to flke noticed to be bout 1.31±0.072 mg nd form. 7.00±0.27 mm. At the end of the experiment, Furthermore, the survivl rte of n verge body weight nd length vried lrve ws clculted t the end of the between ±9.18 to ±3.23 mg nd experiment nd sttisticl nlysis result 21.47±0.44 to 28.40±0.42 mm respectively. showed significnt difference mong different The dt of different tretment groups were tretment groups. The verge percentge lies compred sttisticlly nd significnce in between 53.64±1.57 nd 94.55±0.91 (Tble difference (P<0.05) in verge gin in body 1). Highest survivl (94.55±0.91%) ws found weight nd length ws reported. An verge in T-4 tretment group, wheres other body weight nd length were highest in T-5 tretment groups hve comprtively lower group (lrv fed with zooplnkton first 10 survivl. This could be due to the improved Copyright Sept.-Oct., 2017; IJPAB 953

4 feed intke by the post-htchling from live nd fed with soy milk nd egg yolk lso rtificil diets. Lowest survivl (53.64%) ws contributed to deth of few lrve. found in T-3 tretment group, where lrve fed At the end of culture period, with soy milk nd boiled egg yolk. This my percentge gin in body weight ws clculted be becuse of soy milk nd boiled egg yolk from the dt obtined for verge body hving very smll prticle size, tht is mixed weight (ABW). The percentge body weight with wter nd mking the culture wter gin ws highest in T-5 group turbid. Moreover, egg yolk nd soy milk get (0.1308±0.005), wheres lowest in T-3 rotten redily in rering system which imprt group (Figure 5). There ws no significnt in consequent deteriortion of wter qulity, difference (P<0.05) in the percentge body thus probbly resulted in bcteril growth tht weight gin. A preliminry study on feeding enhnce mortlity in lrve. Mny evidences strtegies of Clris mcrocephlus showed showed poor growth nd survivl when lrve tht the specific growth rte ws higher when fed with egg yolk. Study on effect of six feeds lrve fed with live feed thn the rtificil (whet flour, rice brn, soyben powder, feed 9. Thus, the performnce might be higher prwn mel, zooplnkton nd cooked egg) on in T-5 tretment group becuse of long growth nd survivl of 2-dy climbing perch exposure to life feed nd proper wening of lrve nd reported tht feeding eggs yolk to lrve to rtificil feed with efficient feed the lrve gives poor growth thn live feed 19. intke 5. The physicl nd chemicl qulities of Poor growth nd survivl observed in climbing wter in different tretment tnks were perch lrve when fed with egg yolk 8. Another mesured nd found tht the wter qulity lies study by Rhmn et l. 20 proved tht the in optimum rnge (Tble 2) except lrvl tnks growth nd survivl of the Clrius btrchus fed with soy milk nd egg yolk. This might lrve ws poor when they were fed especilly be due to more unused feed left in the rering with egg yolk. Additionlly, it ws lso system. observed tht the clening process of the tnks Tble1 : Survivl percentge of pengb lrve in different feeding regime t 25 DOC Tretments Survivl (%) (Men + SE) T ± 1.52 c T ± 1.82 b T ± 1.57 T ± 0.91 d T ± 1.32 c Tble 2: Wter qulity vrition express in Rnges nd Men±SE throughout the experimentl period 25 DOC Prmeters T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 ph ( 7.3±0.07) (7.3±0.08) (7.1±0.06) (7.2± 0.08) (7.1±0.09) Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) (7.9 ± 0.44) (7.1± 0.40) (5.5± 0.39) (7.5± 0.53) (7.1± 0.37) Totl lklinity (mg/l) (56.4 ± 2.1) (58.7± 4.0) (62.2± 2.8) (56.0±2.7) (55.1±3.9) Hrdness (mg/l) (73.3 ±6.9) (86.0±7.6) (68.4±4.2) (73.3±4.0) (69.3±3.1) TAN (mg/l) (0.31± 0.09) (0.51±0.20) (0.62±0.20) (0.60±0.32) (0.41±0.13) Nitrte-N (mg/l) Nitrite-N (mg/l) (0.010±0.003) (0.021±0.004) (0.022±0.012) (0.056±0.011) (0.029±0.009) (0.040±0.003) (0.029±0.008) (0.041±0.007) (0.022±0.007) (0.036±0.010) Copyright Sept.-Oct., 2017; IJPAB 954

5 Fig. 1: Different feed wening strtegies for pengb lrve upto 25 dys of culture (Z= zooplnkton; D=Dry; GNOC-Groundnut oil cke; SE-Soy egg custrd) Fig. 2: Averge body weight of lrve in different feeding regime t 5-dys intervl Fig. 3: Averge body length of lrve in different feeding regime t 5-dys intervl Fig. 4: Specific growth rte of lrve in different feeding regime t 5-dys intervl Copyright Sept.-Oct., 2017; IJPAB 955

6 % Weight Gin Kumr et l Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 5 (5): (2017) ISSN: b T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 Tretment Fig. 5: Percentge body weight gin of lrve in different feeding regime groups t 25 DOC Fig. 6(-d): lrvl rering tril in different feeding regime from strting to end of the tril ). 2dph lrve; b) experimentl setup; c) Lrve t wening period d) lrve t hrvest CONCLUSION From this study, it my be concluded tht the use of live feed (zooplnkton) during initil stges nd grdul wening of lrv with dry feed could be potentil diet for the erly life stges of pengb. REFERENCES 1. Andrde, C.A.P., Nscimento, F., Conceico, L.E.C., Linres, F., Lcuisse, M., Dinis, M.T., Red porgy, Pgruspgrus lrve performnce nd nutritionl condition in response to different wening regimes. Journl of World Aquculture Society., 43: (2012). 2. APHA Stndrd methods for the exmintion of wter nd wstewter, 21 st edn. Americn Public Helth Assocition. Wshington, DC, USA (2005). 3. Bsudh, Ch. nd Vishwnth W., Nutritive vlue nd growth response of formulted qutic fern Azoll bsed diets Acknowledgement The uthors re thnkful to the Director, Centrl Institute of Freshwter Aquculture (CIFA), Bhubneswr, Indi for providing ll the support nd fcility to conduct this experiment nd to the Director, Centrl Institute of Fisheries Eduction, Mumbi nd Director, Ntionl Bureu of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), Lucknow, Indi for giving opportunity to work t CIFA. Conflict of interest: The uthors declre tht they hve no conflict of interest. on dvnced fry of endemic medium crp, Copyright Sept.-Oct., 2017; IJPAB 956

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