THE UTILIZING OF PRODUCT BIOPROCESS SHRIMP WASTE AS NUTRIENT CONCENTRATE IN THE RATION ON PERFORMANCE NATIVE CHICKEN STARTER PERIOD

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1 Scientific Ppers. Series D. Animl Science. Vol. LIX, 2016 ISSN ; ISSN CD-ROM ; ISSN Online ; ISSN-L THE UTILIZING OF PRODUCT BIOPROCESS SHRIMP WASTE AS NUTRIENT CONCENTRATE IN THE RATION ON PERFORMANCE NATIVE CHICKEN STARTER PERIOD Tuti WIDJASTUTI 1, ABUN 1, Kiki HAETAMI 2 1 Fculty of Animl Husbndry, Pdjdjrn University 2 Fculty of Fisheries nd Mrine Science, Pdjdjrn University Jln Ry Bndung-Sumedng Km 21, Sumedng 4536, West Jv, Indonesi Corresponding uthor emil: tuti_widjstuti@yhoo.com Abstrct Bioprocess product of Shrimp wste cn used s source of nutrient concentrte in dietry of ntive chicken. Products of steps Bioprocess through by Bcillus licheniformis continued by Lctobcillus sp., nd then by Scchromyces cerevisee hve better protein digestibility vlue. The im of the reserch ws to evlute the performnce of ntive chickens to using Bioprocess product of Shrimp wste (Nutrient concentrte) in the rtion. One hundred nd fifty dy old ntive chickens were rised in cges until six weeks old. This experiment ws conducted completely rndomized design (CRD), six nutrient concentrte levels in the rtion, nmely R0 = bsl rtion without Bioprocess product of Shrimp wste (nutrient concentrte) with (crude protein 15%, ME 2750 Kcl/kg), R1= rtion contined 5% nutrient concentrte (crude protein 15%, ME 2750 Kcl/kg), R2= rtion contined 10% nutrient concentrte (crude protein 15%, ME 2750 Kcl/kg), R3= rtion contined 15% nutrient concentrte (crude protein 15%, ME 2750 Kcl/kg), R4= rtion contined 20% nutrient concentrte (crude protein 15%, 2750 Kcl/kg ME), nd R5= stndrd rtion high protein without content Bioprocess product of Shrimp wste (crude protein 18%, ME 2750 kcl/kg) nd repeted five times. Dt were nlyzed using nlysis of vrince nd Duncn s multiple rnge test. Feed consumption, body weight gin nd feed efficiency were prmeters observed. The results showed tht tretment using bioprocess product of shrimp wste (nutrient concentrte) in the rtion ws significnt effect on feed consumption, body weight nd feed efficiency. The best performnce ws chieved by rtion contining 10% nutrient concentrtes (rtion of 15% protein content) nd equl in vlue to the stndrd rtion (rtion of 18% protein content). Key words: Bioprocess product, shrimp wste, nutrient concentrte, ntive chicken. INTRODUCTION Ntive chicken s commodity is very populr mong the Indonesin society in urbn s well s in the rurl res, becuse it is being used s suitble lterntive to increse the society income nd importnt role s nutritious food supply in the form of eggs nd met. To increse in popultion nd production nd lso the business efficiency of ntive chicken, needs to improved from trditionl system into gribusiness (Zkri, 2004). Rtion is the environmentl fctor tht cn ffect poultry business success, nd cuse to production cost more or less percent. The incresing of production cost cn be overcome by finding other lterntive feed ingredients which hve good qulity (Dutt nd Mrigen, 2009). One of 121 the lterntive feed ingredient tht hve potentil opportunity s complement mteril for fish mel is wste-product frozen shrimp processing industry (cold storge) form of the skin nd the hed. Wste-product frozen shrimp processing industry (cold storge) is contins 43.41% crude protein, 18.25% crude fibre, 7.27% crude ft, 5.54% clcium, 1.31% phosphorus, 3.11% lysine, 1.26% methionine nd 0.51% cystine, nd the gross energy 3892 kcl/kg (Abun, 2008). Fctors limiting the use of wste-products s ingredients of poultry feed is the presence of chitin in the mount of bout 15-20%. Chitin bind strongly with proteins, fts nd minerls covlent bond ß (1-4) mking it difficult to digest by enzyme digestion of poultry (Leeson nd Summers, 2001). Chitin is chemicl compound tht cnnot be digested

2 by the digestive enzymes of poultry (Leeson nd Summers, 2001). Poultry hve limittions in digesting food substnces, especilly those contining chitin nd high crude fibre. This is becuse birds cnnot produce the enzyme cellulse nd chitinse, so tht chitin nd crude fibre cn bind nutrients tht cn be digested out with feces (Tulung, 1987). In line with the fcts found from the reserch the compound chitin shrimp wste without tretment is quite high, nmely 20.11% (Abun, 2008). One effort to convert orgnic mteril into useful new products nd hs better nutritionl vlue is to use microbes through bioprocess. Bioprocess wste-product cn be done through the stges deproteinted using Bcillus licheniformis, nd deminerlizted with Lctobcillus sp. (Bisping et l, 2005). Bioprocess terminted by Scchromyces cerevisee (Abun, 2008). Bioprocess product of shrimp wste used s ingredient of dietry of ntive chicken re expected to be better digestibility vlues becuse the nutrients hve been relegted from the bonds of chitin. Bioprocess products by Bcillus licheniformis, followed deminerliztion by Lctobcillus sp. were the highest crude protein content in bioprocess tretment for 2 dys in the mount of 47.60%. Finlly fermenttion by Scchromyces cerevisie relese nutrient product with the lowest crude protein content of 43.5% nd the highest 48.5%. The more nutrients re bsorbed by the body, then the vlue of the higher digestibility. It is one indictor of the high qulity of the feed. The im of this experiment is to get the optiml percentge of Bioprocess product of Shrimp wste s nutrient concentrte in the rtion tht produce the best to feed consumption, body weight gin nd feed efficiency. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred nd fifty ntive chickens were rised in cges until 6 weeks old, with the verge of body weight ws grms (coefficient vrince 7.57%). The birds kept in cge system, s much s 30 cges, nd ech cge consisted of 5 chickens. The rtion consisted of yellow corn mel, fish mel, rice brn mel, soy-ben mel, nutrient concentrte mel, CCo 3 nd bone mel, in 15% protein, 2750 Kcl/kg of metbolizble energy nd 18% protein, 2750 Kcl/kg metbolizble energy. The nutrient concentrte ws mde in Fculty of Animl Husbndry, Universits Pdjdjrn. The formul rtions were : R 0 Bsl Rtion without contined nutrient concentrte (15% crude protein, 2750 Kcl/kg ME) R 1 Rtion contined 5% nutrient concentrte (15% crude protein, 2750 Kcl/kg ME) R 2 Rtion contined 10% nutrient concentrte (15% crude protein, 2750 Kcl/kg ME) R 3 Rtion contined 15% nutrient concentrte (15% crude protein, 2750 Kcl/kg ME) R 4 Rtion contined 20% nutrient concentrte (15% crude protein, 2750 Kcl/kg ME) R 5 Stndrd Rtion without contined nutrient concentrte (18% crude protein, 2750 Kcl/kg ME) Tble 1. Composition of the formul rtions (%) Ingredients Rtion R0 R1 R1 R3 R4 R5 Fish Mel Nutrient concentrte Yellow corn mel Soy-ben mel Rice brn mel CCo Bone mel Completely Rndomized Design (CRD) ws used with 6 tretments, nd ech tretment ws replicted 5 times. The dt were nlyzed by using Anlysis of vrince nd if there re ny significnt effect then followed by Duncn, s multiple rnge test (Steel nd Torrie, 1989). The nlyzed vribles were feed consumption, body weight gin nd feed efficiency. 122

3 Tble 2. The nutrient nd metbolizble energy content of rtion Ingredients Rtions R0 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 Crude Protein (%) Crude Ft (%) Crude Fiber (%) Clcium (%) Phosphorus (%) Lysine (%) Methionine (%) Met + cystine (%) ME (Kcl/kg) Tble 3. The verge of feed consumption, body weight gin nd feed efficiency ntive chicken Vrible R0 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 Feed Consumption(g) Body weight gin (g) bc bc c Feed Efficiency (%) bc bc c Note: The Similr superscript in the sme row no significnt difference (P>0.05) RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The effect of dietry tretment on feed consumption, body weight nd feed efficiency of ntive chicken strter period, is shown in Tble 3 Feed Consumption Feed consumption per chicks in ech tretment during strter period shown in Tble 3. From the Tble 3, it cn see n verge feed consumption vrying from to grm during strter period. The results of nlysis of vrince showed tht using product bioprocess shrimp wste (nutrient concentrte) in the rtion non significnce (P>0.05) on feed consumption. This mens the use of nutrient concentrte products does not decrese feed consumption compred to stndrd or control diet (R0 nd R5). Its men tht the nutrient concentrte product from 5 20% in the rtion still hve pltble, but hve limitedness on body weight gin nd feed efficiency chievement. In fermenttion, microorgnisms synthesize enzymes tht cn degrde the polymer into the substrte into simpler molecules, mking them esier to digest. Fermented products will hve high qulity such s high levels of digestibility nd flvour nd better texture. This indictes tht the product up to 20% in the diet does not cuse smell, flvour, colour nd texture tht is not fvoured by the chickens, so cusing decrese in feed pltbility. According North nd Bell (2004), pltbility is mjor fctor ffecting consumption nd pltbility rtion depend on texture, smell nd tste, lthough tste not n importnt role in the poultry. 123

4 650,00 600,00 550,00 Feed Consumption( g ) 400,00 300,00 200,00 100,00 Body weight gin (g ) 500,00 R0 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 Figure 1. The verge of feed consumption 0,00 R0 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 Figure 2. The verge of body weight gin (g) Dily Weight Gin Feed Efficiency With Duncn s multiple rnge test on dily In Tble 3 cn be seen tht lowest of feed weight gin between the tretment use of efficiency on ntive chicken which receiving nutrient concentrte products in the rtion of 20 percent nutrient concentrte product in the 10% (15% crude protein) resulted in body rtion R4 (36.01%), nd the highest ws R5, weight gin similr to the stndrd rtion which rtion without nutrient concentrte product hs high protein content (18% crude protein). (45.62%). Adding the nutrient concentrte product mel until 10 percent in the rtion ntive chicken still Feed Efficiency (%) gve good result. This is becuse the bcteril species Bcillus 50,00 licheniformis cpble of producing protese 40,00 nd chitinse in reltively high mounts nd 30,00 cidic conditions creted by Lctobcillus sp. 20,00 minerl shed ttched to the protein tht hs 10,00 been unrvelled. Further fermenttion with Scchromyces cerevisie helps improve 0,00 R0 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 digestion with crbohydrse nd protese enzymes it produces (Alm et l; 1996; Rhyu Figure 3. The verge of feed efficiency et l., 2004). The results of vrince nlysis showed tht the Bioprocess with microbes other thn to brek tretment by using of nutrient concentrte the bonds of polyscchrides lso ble to product gve significntly ffected on feed convert inorgnic minerls into orgnic efficiency. Leeson nd Summers (2001) stted minerls tht cn improve metbolic processes tht the efficiency of the rtion shows the nd incresed growth. By dding from efficiency of the use of feed to produce weight 15 20% nutrient concentrte product in the gin. Duncn results showed tht the feed rtion, there ws tendency tht body weight efficiency tretment of R1, R2 nd R5 hd gin going to decresed (P<0.05). In tretment similr nd significntly higher thn tretment R3 nd R4, the fibre content higher 5.69 % R3, R4 nd R0. Using the nutrient concentrte (R3) nd 5.92% much more of bsl nd product 5 10% in rtion cn still support the stndrd rtion. good results in the feed efficiency. Bioprocess The higher fibre in rtion will reduce feed product of shrimp wste (nutrient concentrte) consumption nd intke energy is used in used s ingredient of dietry of ntive chicken ddition to mke body blnce. So the ddition re expected to be better digestibility vlues of 15 20% of nutrient concentrte product in becuse the nutrients hve been relegted from the rtion gve significnt effect on body the bonds of chitin. By giving 15 20% weight gin. nutrient concentrte product in the rtion (R3 Lesson nd Summer (2001) hs told tht if one nd R4) vlue feed efficiency become of the ingredients in rtion hs high fibre, it decresed, becuse rtion R3 nd R 4 received will suppress performnce of the chicken. 124

5 much more chitin with used more product of shrimp wste in rtion, so the crop nd smll intestine hd extr work nd more energy is used in ddition to the blnce of the body. According Leeson nd Summers reported tht high efficiency vlue rtion describe the less rtions necessry to increse the weight per unit of weight, so the higher feed efficiency rte mens better qulity rtions. Cheeke (2005) sttes tht the vlue of feed efficiency cn be used to mesure the productivity of livestock. CONCLUSIONS The reserch showed tht product bioprocess shrimp wste cn be used s nutrient concentrtes in the preprtion of ntive chicken rtions nd by dding nutrient concentrte until 10% in the rtion (rtion with 15% protein) cn still support the good results on the feed consumption, dily body gin nd feed efficiency nd equl in vlue to the stndrd rtion (rtion of 18% protein content) of ntive chicken strter period. REFERENCES Abun, Biokonversi Limbh Udng Windu (Peneus monodon) oleh Bcillus lichenniformis dn Aspergilus neger sert Implementsiny terhdp Performn Broiler, Disertsi Pssrjn Universits Pdjdjrn, Bndung. Alm M.M., T. Mizutni, M. Isono, N. Nikidou, T. Wtnbe Three Chitinse Genes (Chi A, Chi C nd Chi D) Comprise the Chitinse System of Bcillus circulns WL-12. J. Ferment. Bio. Eng. 82: Bstmn S., Studies on Degrdtion nd Extrction of Chitin nd Chitosn from Prwn Shell (Nephrops norvegicus), Thesis. The Deprtment of Mechnicl, Mnufcturing, Aeronuticl nd Chemicl Engineering, Fculty of Engineering the Queen s University of Belfst. Bisping B., G. Dun, G. Hegen, Aerobic Deproteiniztion nd Declcifiction of Shrimp Wster for Chitin Extrtion. Discussion Forum Prospect of Chitin Production nd Appliction in Indonesi. Held on 14 th September 2005, BPPT 1 th Building, 9 th floor, Jkrt Cheeke, Feeding nd nutrition of beef cttle. In: P.R. Cheeke (Ed.) Applied Animl Nutrition; Feed nd Feeding (3 rd edition). Dutt Mrigen, Feed cost svings vi the phytse mtrix. Poultry Internsionl.48 (2) : Leeson S., Summers J.D., Nutrition of the chicken. 4 th Ed. University Books. Guelph, Ontrio, Cnd, North M.O., D.D. Bell, Commercil Chicken Production Mnul 4 ed. Chpmn & Hll, New York. Rhyu S., F. Tnuwidjy, T. Rukydi, A. Suwrto, M.T. Suhrtono, J.K. Hwng, Y.R. Pyun, Study of Thermostble Chitinse Enzymes from Indonesin Bcillus K J. Microbiology Biotechnology, 14(4): Skln D., S. Hurwitz, Protein Digestion nd Absorption in Young Chick nd Turkey Stell R., J.H. Torrie, Principle nd Procedures of Sttistics, Mc-Grow-Hill Book Compny, New York, Toronto, London Tulung B., Efek Fisiologis Sert Ksr di dlm Alt Pencernn Bgin Bwh Hewn Monogstrik. Mklh Simposium Biologi, Unsrt, Mndo Zkri S., Performns Aym Burs Fse Dr yng dipelihr secr Intensif dn Semi Intensif dengn Tingkt Kepdtn Kndng yng Berbed. Buletin Nutrisi dn Mknn Ternk 5 (1):

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