Biofortified Sweetpotato

Transcription

1 Biofortified Sweetpotato Available Material, Advances, and Selection Limits International Potato Center Agrosalud Breeding Sweetpotato WG 2009

2 General: There were orange fleshed sweetpotatos (OFSP) before The Base Lines for β-carot., Fe & Zn. Example: Data for 6 MegaClones (from 20 MegaClones) YLD DM (t / ha) (%) β-carot. Fe Zn Jewel Resisto Jonathan Santo Amaro Xushu Tanzania Note on poor on-farm conditions you have about 30% less β-carotene, iron, and zinc Jonathan 100g fresh roots: β-carotene: 4.6 mg, iron: 0.82 mg, zinc: 0.47 mg Child 1 3 years needs: β-carotene: 4.8 mg, iron: 5 mg, zinc: 4 mg

3 Sweet Potato Targeting - Groupings by Opportunities and Number of People Where is Latin America?

4 Germplasm Clones in Dissemination (phase I) Screening of 1200 clones >3 locations N = 78 clones YLD DM >150 ppm β-carot (t / ha) (%) β-carot. Fe Zn s (N = 78) Number of clones > better than 29.2 % DM (check Jonathan) Breeding Clones in Dissemination (phase I) Screening 5000 clones 3 locations N = 25 >150 ppm β-carot YLD (t / ha) DM (%) β-carot Fe Zn s (N = 25) N = 13 clones >29.2 % DM (check Jonathan) Controlled crossings Near Infra Red to determine Quality Germination under sterile conditions => Comment: There are much better clones, but: huge problems to get clones virus clean and into other countries

5 OFSP Population Development 2 Recurrent Cycles Populations: Jewel (PJ) and ZapalloSPK (PZ) from (3 locations!!!) s, minimum and maximum yield, dry matter, β-carotene, Fe and Zn in Population, Jewel I, II, and Population ZapalloSPK I and II. YLD DM (t / ha) (%) β-carot. Fe Zn PJ I Pop Min Max PZ I Pop Min Max PJ II Pop Min Max PZ II Pop Min Max PJ II 100g fresh storage root mean: β-carotene: 10.2 mg, iron: 0.64 mg, zinc: 0.38 mg PZ II 100g fresh storage root mean: β-carotene: 7.9 mg, iron: 0.56 mg, zinc: 0.34 mg Child 1 3 years needs per day: β-carotene: 4.8 mg, iron: 5 mg, zinc: 4 mg

6 AgroSalud Sweetpotato Breeding WG 2009 Breeding Clones in Dissemination (phase II) 2009 => N = 182 YLD DM >150 ppm β-carot (t / ha) (%) β-carot. Fe Zn s (N = 182) s of 59 clones DM & β-carot. Equal or better than (check 4 out of 59 high dry matter clones appear to be non Jonathan) sweet sweetpotato Breeding SEED in Dissemination (phase II) 2009 => YLD (t / ha) DM (%) Family β-carot Fe Zn PJ x SR x PJ PJ x PJ PZ x PZ

7 Variety Release (CIP Peru old clones crossed before Phase I) YLD DM (t / ha) (%) β-carot. Fe Zn Jonathan (check) LM SR , SR SR SR Germplasm clones or Clones crosses 2005 or before INIA, Phase I clones: 2 clones in variety release EMBRAPA, Phase I clones: 4 clones in variety release and dissemination ISA; Phase I clones: 1 clones in variety release ORE; - 2 local clones in dissemination INIVIT (without funds from CIP) 1 local breeding clone released Two further contract to evaluate Phase I clones UNA & CENTA Clones crosses INIA & CIP, Phase II: About 250 PJ I and PZ Clones in variety development

8 CIP Field days in suburbs Lima => 2012 linked with the Comedores Populares, the Municipalidad de Carabayllo & the Ministerio de Mujers Image of sweetpotato No solo para

9 Further Advances for OFSP Breeding!!! 1) New Information that iron & zinc might be improved by 50% in sweetpotato to: 40 ppm Fe & 25 ppm Zn 2) Source of SPVD resistance (SPCSV resistance) found in 1 OFSP land races and at least 2 clones of PJ I 3) Against other opinions there might be a certain amount of weevil resistance in sweetpotato, which has been associated to specific compounds in the latex of the root skin in clones like New Kawogo or Santo Amaro

10 New Infromation Fe & Zn in sweetpotato (8 x 8 diallel) Note: crossings with 8 outstanding PJ I clones (in total 64 families each with 30 to 60 genotypes, each genotype planted in 1 m row plot in 2 plot replications) only the best 8 families for iron are presented with their mean and standard deviation in brackets Families DM (%) 26.4 (5.3) 23.9 (3.7) 26.8 (5.0) 24.8 β-carot. Fe Zn (351) (8.9) (6.6) (174) (5.3) (3.8) (374) (9.2) (6.2) R = + Approx. current OFSP selection limits 30 % DM 900 ppm pro vitamin A 45 ppm Fe 30 ppm Zn (4.2) 22.8 (2.7) 21.8 (3.1) 23.4 (4.5) 21.6 (301) 725 (143) 586 (209) 617 (294) 732 (7.6) 37.4 (5.1) 37.2 (6.5) 36.8 (8.2) 36.6 (5.4) 25.3 (4.0) 24.6 (5.0) 24.4 (6.0) 26.0 R = + 2 Approx. future OFSP selection limits 32 % DM 1000 ppm pro vitamina 50 ppm Fe 35 ppm Zn (4.3) (231) (7.3) (5.4)

11 SPCSV Resistance CIP PER (DLP 3163) selected from 2000 germplasm clones as resistant to sweet potato clorotic stunt (SPCSV) Application of Markers Assumption: recessive inherited rrrrrr Crossing with parents of OFSP Pop. Jewel DLP 3163 x 100 OFSP Jewel SPFMV SPCSV SPVD (ambos virus) Table: Elisa scores in population Jewel before and after crossing with DLP3163 (CIP ) ELISA score ELISA score Median SPCSV SPFMV SPCSV SPFMV Parents When you have a technique to search you can find: We found at least 5 more clones (OFSP) with resistance to SPCSV => Crossings!!!! Offspring 0.44*** 1.09*** 0.33*** 1.00*** *** significant on p < level >5 x > 5 SPCSV resistance clones Number of seed expected >2000 Agro Salud Sweetpotato Breeding WG 2009

12 Sources of weevil tolerance Not made at CIP!!! But of high interest for LAC!!! Independent reports from Dom. Republic clone Santo Amaro (Brazil) & Uganda clone New Kawogo less effected by weevil due to differences in latex content and composition TZ NK 8 6 No Feedh Eggs Dropp No. of feeding holes (feedh), oviposited eggs & dropping on Tanzania (TZ) and New Kawogo (NK) Periderms. HPLC chromatograms of NK and TZ root latex (40mg latex/ ml

13 Thank-you for your Attention