Implementation of a net energy formulation system for laying hen feed

Transcription

1 Implementation of a net energy formulation system for laying hen feed June 4, 2018 Bob Swick, Shubiao Wu, Shahram Barzegar University of New England

2 Agenda Introduction Prediction equation development Performance of cage studies Conclusion

3 Energy metabolism in poultry Gross energy Indigestible fecal energy 0 to 30% of GE DE Urinary energy Maintenance energy ME Productive energy Net energy for maintenance Basal metabolism Adaptive thermogenesis Physical activity Heat increment 10 to 60% of production Net energy of production Energy of products from: Larbier and Leclercq, 1992

4 Energy measurement Metabolisable energy is a variable measurement. TME, TMEn, AME, AMEn Variation arises from ingredients, the bird and the methodology.

5 Issues for NE formulation Heat production tedious and expensive to measure in replicated fashion. NE values vary with age of bird, production stage, stress. Fasting heat production is influenced by temperature and bird movement.

6 UNE closed circuit calorimeter Electronic control box Solenoid valve Temperature pressure humidity sensor Silica moisture trap O 2 Pump 32% KOH CO 2 trap

7 Chamber runs Objectives Develop predictions of NE based on chemical composition and MEn of ingredients. Methods Formulate and measure diets RQ (CO 2 expired/o 2 consumed) Heat production Brouwer equation HP(kJ) = (O 2 consumption, L CO 2 generation, L 1.2) / Measure AMEn, NE performance over 3 days 16 diets; 8 runs 3 layers per chamber 7 d prefeeding, 3 d acclimation and 3 day run

8 Feed Dry matter Total amino acids Crude protein fat crude fiber ash NDF ADF NSP total NSP insoluble NSP soluble Free sugars Starch Measurements Birds Feed consumption Total excreta AME Excreta N CO 2 generation (KOH barium) Oxygen consumption RQ Weigh gain FCR Egg production Heat increment

9 How it works Linear regression used to prediction NE based on chemical assays in feed Equation applied to feedstuffs and used to formulate Different equations for broilers and layers Both use AMEn, crude protein (negative) and fat (positive)

10 NE equations for ingredients based on MEn MEn MJ/kg EE% CP% RSD Broilers Layers

11 Ingredient Crude Protein % Ether extract % Crude fibre % MEn MJ/kg NE Wu et al Swick 2018 broilers NE Barzegar Wu Swick 2018 layers Corn Wheat Sorghum Peas Soybean meal Full fat SBM Canola meal Canola seed Meat and bone Corn gluten ml DDGS Rice bran Wheat millrun Feed grade fat/oil

12 High shadow prices Ingredient Price ME NE Wheat Millrun MBM Canola Exp Canola Sol SBM Tallow

13 Validation run in chambers Objective: To formulate diets differing in NE:MEn and feed them to birds in chambers to see if the chambers to compare predicted vs measured values. 2 diets: low NE:MEn and high NE:MEn Fed to 8 replicates of 3 birds for 3 days after pre-feeding and acclimation to chambers.

14 Ingredient composition of validation diets Low NE:MEn High NE:MEn Corn Wheat SBM Canola oil Limestone Dical Phos Salt Na bicarb Celite Alpha cellulose UNE Layer pmx Choline Cl 60% L-lysine HCl D,L-methionine L-threonine L-tryptophan L-Isoleucine L-Arginine FB L-Valine

15 Nutrient composition of validation diets Nutrient Low NE:MEn High NE:MEn AMEn, MJ/kg NE layer, MJ/kg C. protein C. fat C. fibre Ash d Arg pou d Lys pou d M+C pou d Trp pou d Ile pou d Thr pou d Val pou Calcium Phos avail Sodium Chloride Choline, mg/kg Linoleic 18:

16 Energy partitioning in chambers Measured Low NE:ME High NE:ME P>F RQ Heat prod kj/kg Heat incr kj/kg Net energy MJ/kg feed <0.001 NE:ME <0.002 NE:MEn Predicted Net energy MJ/kg feed NE:MEn

17 Layer validation runs at Laureldale Cage Farm Objective: Compare formulations differing in NE:MEn under commercial conditions. 1. Small exp: 62 Hy-Line brown, 2 trt, 31 reps of 1 bird per rep for 11 wk; start 46 wk old birds; NE:MEn low and high 2. Large exp: 600 Hy-Line, 3 trt, 10 reps of 20 birds per rep for 20 wk; start 21 wk age. NE:MEn low, medium, high

18 Exp 1. Ingredient composition and prices Low NE:MEn High NE:MEn AUD/MT Corn Wheat Wheat millrun SBM, Arg Canola ml solvent Meat meal Canola oil (fat) Limestone Dical Phos 18P/21Ca Xylanase powder 50g/mt Phytase Axtra Salt Na bicarb UNE Layer pmx Choline Cl 60% L-lysine HCl D,L-methionine L-threonine AUD/MT

19 Exp 1. Nutrient composition Low High MEn Poultry (2760) (2780) NE layer 8.82 (2108) 9.21 (2201) Crude protein Crude fat Crude fibre SID Arg SID Lys SID M+C SID Ile SID Thr SID Val Ca P avail Sodium Chloride Linoleic 18:

20 Exp 1. Results of small exp (11 wk) NE:MEn P Feed int g/d HDP,% Egg wt, g Egg mass g/d FCR Diet cost $/t oil at $ Cost per kg egg Diet cost $/t oil at $ Cost per kg egg

21 P>F 0.45 Exp 1. Small study: egg quality (11 weeks on test) NE:MEn NE:MEn P Shell colour Haugh unit Breaking strength Yolk % Albumen % Shell % Yolk colour

22 Exp 2. Ingredient composition and prices NE:MEn AUD/MT Wheat Barley Wheat millrun SBM, Arg Canola ml exp Canola oil (fat) Limestone Dical Phos 18P/21Ca D,L-methionine L-lysine HCL L-threonine L-isoleucine L-valine Pmx* B B B AUD/MT *Vit, TM, xylanase, phytase, pigments, choline, salt, bicarb

23 Exp 2. Nutrient composition NE:MEn MEn Poultry (2796) (2725) (2796) NE layer 8.95 (2139) 8.87 (2120) 9.19 (2196) Crude protein Crude fat Crude fibre SID Lys SID M+C SID Ile SID Thr SID Val Ca P avail Sodium Chloride Linoleic 18:

24 Exp 2. Results of large exp 20 wk NE:MEn Ave BW hen g 2103 a 2062 b 2096 a Feed int g/d a b c HDP,% Egg wt, g Egg mass g/d 56.9 ab 56.7 b 57.6 a FCR a a b

25 Exp 2. Economics of large exp 20 wk NE:MEn MEn Poultry (2796) (2725) (2796) NE layer 8.95 (2139) 8.87 (2120) 9.19 (2196) Diet cost $/t (oil %1150) Cost per kg egg Diet cost $/t (oil $1050) Cost per kg egg

26 P>F 0.45 Exp 2. Egg quality (20 weeks on test) NE:MEn Shell colour Haugh unit 98.4 a 97.5 b 98.5 a Breaking strength Yolk % 24.5 a 24.0 b 23.5 c Albumen % 65.9 c 66.3 b 66.9 a Shell % 9.63 ab 9.68 a 9.57 b Yolk colour 10.8 b 10.9 a 11.0 a

27 Conclusion Equation has been developed to predict net energy of raw materials based on AMEn, protein and fat. Higher NE:MEn formulation (more fat; less protein) improve FCR, egg wt, egg mass and yolk colour. Cost per kg egg depends on oil price.

28 Acknowledgements Poultry Hub, Australian Eggs Steering committee: Santiago Ramirez, Ken Bruerton, David Cadogan, Tim Walker, Mingan Choct Chamber experts: Shahram Barzegar, Shubiao Wu, Shuyu Song, Mehdi Toghyani, Matt Hilliar, Chuck Keerqin, Sarbast Kheravaii, Kosar Naseri, Nat Morgan, Andrew Cohen-Barnhouse, Bede Burke