Plant Model Systems Used
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1 rom Plant Systems Biology to Renewable uels H H H + H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Erich Grotewold Center for Applied Plant Sciences (CAPS) & Department of Molecular Genetics, N H H N 206 Rightmire Hall, 1060 Carmack Rd., Columbus H 43210; N N H S S Grotewold.1@osu.edu N H Caffeine H H H
2 Plant Model Systems Used Rice Sorghum Arabidopsis thaliana Zea mays 125 Mbp - finished 3000 Mbp - almost finished ~27,000 genes 45,000+ genes Switchgrass Sugarcane Mutants available for almost every gene ABRC at SU utstanding genetics Miscanthus
3 Maize lavonoids: Paradigm for the Discovery of Key Biological Processes R 1 H A C B H R 2 H R 3 Principles of heredity by Gregor Mendel ( ) and Carl E. Correns ( ) Genetic bases of correlated traits and variegation by Rollins A. Emerson ( ) Transposable elements by Barbara McClintock ( )
4 Maize lavonoid Biosynthesis Phenylpropanoid Pathway C2 (CHS) CHI Chalcones lavan 4-ols A1 (DR) lavanones Phlobaphenes P1 3H P-vv P-wr P-ww P-rr C1 + R Dihydroflavonols lavonols A1 (DR) A2 Bz1 lavan 3,4-diols (ANS) (UGT) Bz2 GST Anthocyanins Tannins
5 Interacting MYB and bhlh actors Control Anthocyanin Biosynthesis H H C1+R Control H Phenylpropanoid C2 Pathway chalcone CH I flavanone H + H H 3 H H H H dihydroflavonol A1 flavan 3,4-diol A2 BZ1 BZ 2 H H H H Anthocyanins C1 Myb domain R2 R3 C1 + R TAD A 530 nm C1-R Interaction R HLH Dimerization 610 C1 R-r
6 P1 Controls Pigmentation of Maize loral Tissues P1 MYB domain R2 R3 TAD? H H H H H H H P-vv P-wr P-ww P-rr H H H n H H H H H H H H mnvegnew/
7 P1 Controls Important Agronomic and Health Beneficial lavonoids Anti-inflammatory Anti-tumor Insecticidal Inhibit pre-harvest germination (wheat & sorghum)
8 inding P1 Regulated Genes P1-ww RNA-Seq Pericarp 14 DAP Pericarp 25 DAP P1-rr 1105 Pericarps 14 DAP 24 DAP P1-rr/P1-ww > 1 Silks Pericarp 14 DAP Pericarp 25 DAP P1-rr/P1-ww < Silks Silks
9 inding P1 Immediate Target Genes P1-ww P1-rr ChIP-Seq GRMZM2G GRMZM2G kbp 1 kbp 14 DAP GRMZM2G kbp P1-rr/P1-ww>1 RNA-Seq ChIP-Seq 10,272 P1-rr/P1-ww<1 RNA-Seq ChIP-Seq 10,100
10 rom lavanone to lavone: Identification of ZmNS1 Expression in WAT11 yeast strain H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H 2H H NS1 H H H H DH H H CGT DH H H CGT H H H H H H H
11 Apigenin is an anti-inflammatory compound in vivo H H H Survival (%) LPS LPS + Apigenin Apigenin Diluent pg/ml TNa Hrs after LPS challenge 0 Control Api+ PBS Api+LPS LPS LPS = lipopolysaccharide TNa = tumor necrosis factor a (cytokine)
12 Identifying Apigenin Targets Towards an apigenin sensor."/0#%)*!"# $%&%'()*(+, -"#
13 Summary Uncovered novel mechanisms for regulation and subcellular trafficking of flavonoids Maize provides a valuable system to investigate the biosynthesis of flavonoids, compounds with high nutraceutical and agronomic value The identification of apigenin cellular targets provides an example of how we are filling gaps in the genotype-phenotype continuum
14 C 2 photosynthesis sugars erythrose-4-phosphate stilbenes coumarins aurones isoflavonoids phlobaphenes Cell Wall (tyrosine) phenylalanine PAL C4H 4CL CHS CHI naringenin 3H H 3 C Lignin polymer H H H H H 3 C p-coumaroyl CoA HCT CCR C3H CAD HCT CCoAMTp-coumaryl alcohol (H subunit) feruloyl CoA dihydrokaempferol CCR coniferaldehyde 3 H LS 5H CAD dihydroquercetinkaempferol 5-hydroxy coniferyl alcohol DR DRLS 3 H coniferaldehyde (G subunit) CAD 5H quercetin UGT 5-hydroxy leucocyanidin CMT coniferyl alcohol UGT CAD CMT leucopelargonidin sinapyl alcohol(s subunit) flavonol glycosides proanthocyanidins Vacuole anthocyanins shikimate H 3 C H CH 3 H CH 3 H H H 3 C H 3 C H 3 C H 3 C xidative polymerizatio n (peroxidases, laccases) CH 3 H H H H CH 3 Lignin polymer Lignin polymer Non-lignified tissue Phloroglucinol
15 Little is known on how phenylpropanoids are controlled in the grasses
16 MYB (avian myeloblastosis) The Plant MYB amily MYB Subgroup 4 R2 R3 EAR ZmMYB31 ZmMYB42 ZmMYB11
17 P1 and ZmMYB31 Have pposite Effects on CMT Regulation ZmMYB31 DNA-Binding Preference ZmMYB31 Binds CMT in vivo
18 MYB (avian myeloblastosis) The Plant MYB amily C1 Amplification of the P-to-A Clade ~20 Mya P1 ZmMYB40 ZmMYB95
19 SUMMARY Balance between positive and negative regulators result in the correct levels and distribution of lignin precursors We have identified similar sets of transcription factors from sorghum, rice and switchgrass Tools are now available to start manipulating phenylpropanoids and explore the consequences on plant yield rom Model Systems to the ield
20 Acknowledgments Current Lab Members Kengo Morohashi Jelena Brkljacic Marcelo Pomeranz Alper Yilmaz Nik Kovinich María Isabel Casas Daniel Arango-Tamayo Katja Machemer María Katherine Mejia-Guerra Andres Bohorquez Bettina Wittler Matt Hunt Andrea Herrera Jorge Salazar Isabel Bermudez Berenice Kussumototo de Alcantara Wilberforce uma Collaborators Greg Smith (William & Mary, VA) red Sack (U. British Columbia, Canada) Rivka Barg (Volcani Center, Israel) Glaucia Souza (USP, Brazil) Paula Casati (CEBI, Argentina) David Caparrós (CSIC, Spain) Jim Murray (Cardiff Univ, Wales) Lieven de Veylder (VIB, Belgium) Jenny Russinova (VIB, Belgium) Andrea Doseff (SUMC, H) John Gray (U Toledo, H) Nathalie Bolduc & Sarah Hake (UC Berkeley, CA) David Jackson (CSHL, NY) Marisa tegui (U. Wisconsin, WI) Helaine Carrer (USP, Brazil) Keiko Sugimoto (RIKEN, Japan) Ling Yuan (U. Kentucky, KY) Marta Riera (CSIC, Spain) Ricardo Antunes de Azevedo (USP, Brazil)
21 New pportunities to Enhance the SU-USP Interaction Expand existing undergraduate exchange, currently supported through CAPES (Brazil) and IPSE (USA) inish formalizing the Dual Degree International Ph.D. program - two Ph.D. students from USP currently at SU At SU, this program will be part of the newly developed Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Translational Plant Sciences SU just launched the new Center for Applied Plant Sciences (CAPS) which will serve as the conduit for increased international cooperation in the plant field
22 Thank You and Happy Birthday APESP!
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