Suchanit Ngamkala (D.V.M., M.Sc., Ph.D) Applications of pets products

Transcription

1 Suchanit Ngamkala (D.V.M., M.Sc., Ph.D) Applications of pets products 17 April 2015

2 Outlines 1. Basic pet caring 2. Pet food and Nutrition 3. Pet grooming 4.Other general pet s products

3 Basic pet caring OWNING A PET What is your responsibility? What will my pet need from me, and can I take care of its needs?

4 Identify Your Pet

5 Training Your Pet

6 Spay or Neuter Your Pet

7 Advantages Help prevent overpopulation Less aggressive Prevents unwanted pregnancies Female won t go into heat (cleaner home) Reduces risk of health problems: uterine cancer in females ovarian cancer in females testicular cancer in males

8 Providing veterinary care

9 Providing for Your Pet s Needs

10 AKC divides purebreds into 7 main groups: 1. Herding 2. Terriers 3. Working 4. Sporting 5. Non-sporting 6. Toy 7. Hounds Miscellineous & Mixed Breeds

11 Pet food and Nutrition Several Options: Commercial dry food Canned/ Dry or Moist food Semi-moist (loaded with chemicals) Home-prepared diets

12 Meat, poultry, seafood, feed grain By-products Not fit for human consumption but still must meet federal standards for safety and nutrition Vitamins/Minerals-to complete nutritional needs Preservatives-for shipping and to extend shelf-life Coloring-to make it pretty Approved by the FDA Dog Food Contents

13 OTHERS FDA (Food and Drug Association) FTC (Federal Trade Commission) USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) State Government Pet Food Institute AAFCO (Association of American Feed Control Officials)

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15 Large number of varieties commercial food (based on age, size, flavor, activeness, weight loss, etc. )

16 Advantages: Canned food Good for picky eaters & Provides with moisture in the diet Disadvantages: More expensive (for most canned foods, first ingredient is water) More perishable (lasts 3-7 days must refrigerate)

17 Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) Set standards for animal feeds and pet foods in the U.S. Work with FDA Must meet Complete and Balanced standards All nutrients known to be required by a dog or cat Minimum of nutrients require Adult Maintenance Growth/Reproduction Feeding trials and Lab Analysis Fed and monitored for six months

18 When selecting a commercial food for your pet? 1. Make sure the label has an "AAFCO guarantee," preferably one that references Feeding tests" or "feeding protocols" rather than Nutrient Profiles 2. Check for a named meat or meal ( lamb - chicken salmon or others) Treatment of food allergy

19 When selecting a commercial food for your pet? 3. Avoid foods that rely on by-products as the source of animal protein. By-products consist of organs and not desired parts These rendered products are the most inexpensive sources of animal protein The contents and quality of these meals can vary extremely from batch to batch Not a reliable source of nutrition for animals Not the main source of protein

20 o This can include bones, blood, intestines, lungs, head, ligaments, feet, and feathers o Feathers are a by-product of poultry meat processing. (pressure cooked with steam an edible gel) which makes them an acceptable feed grade ingredient. o Can appear on a label as Poultry By-products Example: Chicken By-products

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22 When selecting a commercial food for your pet? 4. Checking the expiration date to ensure freshness. Avoid generic or store brands These may be repackaged rejects from the big manufacturers (generally contain cheaper & consequently poorer quality ingredients. Store dry pet food in a sealed non-porous container in a cool, dry place. Clean label

23 When selecting a commercial food for your pet? 5. Ingredients Ingredients are listed in order of weight, with the primary ingredient listed first and the rest following in descending order. Every ingredient must be listed separately either by its official name or common name (no brand names are allowed).

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25 When selecting a commercial food for your pet? 6. Guaranteed Analysis Usually be found in a table format. All dog food manufacturers are required to list Minimum amounts of protein and fat Maximum amounts of crude fiber and moisture if the label indicates a "minimum 21% protein," Can be fairly confident it will contain between 21% and 23% protein (The same process occurs for fat) Crude fiber and moisture are stated as "not more than The moisture & fiber will be a little below that maximum guarantee.

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29 When selecting a commercial food for your pet? 7. Daily Feeding To find out the recommended daily amount of the food your dog should consume. The amount is usually expressed as a range, and how much you feed within this range should depend on how much your dog weighs and his activity level.

30 When selecting a commercial food for your pet? 8. Manufacturer/Distributor The party responsible for either the manufacture or distribution of the product must be shown on the label. 9. Nutritional Adequacy Statement The Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) is a national association composed of state and federal regulatory officials who establish standards and guidelines for labels and labeling.

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32 Home-Prepared Diets Bones And Raw Food diet (BARF) The BARF diet is simple in philosophy and construction. Similar to the diet of a wild animal and mimics that type of feeding regime using available whole raw foodstuffs Owner s preference*** Usually not well balanced Consults with veterinarian

33 BARF Full day's worth for Golden Retriever (25 Kg.) RMB meal - 1# chicken backs, or 12 chicken necks, or 8 chicken wings, or 2 beef ribs plus an egg or yogurt. Can feed lamb (lamb riblets) and occasionally substitute fish Offal - Offal (or organ meat, e.g. heart, kidney, liver, tripe, etc...) is usually mixed in with the veggie meal, because many dogs do not like the taste (some do). Just be careful not to feed too much, too quickly, as offal is very rich and too much will cause loose stools. Offal can be fed once or twice a week! Veggie meal (This is for 1 meal not a full day's worth)- 1/4 calves liver or an egg and I puree these veggies for about 3/4 cup worth. Mix and match veggies do not try to use all these at the same time - carrots, turnip, parsnip, green beans, yellow squash, zucchini, dark green lettuces, celery - I add a little - very little - of either spinach, kale, turnip greens, or broccoli. Supplements - Flaxseed, or safflower or vegetable or olive oil, nutritional yeast, kelp, alfalfa powder, etc.

34 Conclusions : easy way to choose Good things to look for Foods that contain: Whole Beef, Chicken, Turkey, Lamb, Pork and meals made from whole meats (beef meal, chicken meal, etc.) Whole grains, vegetables and fruits Foods with as much animal protein as possible Identified ingredients (instead of liver should say beef liver ) Do Not Buy Foods that contain: Animal fat, animal digest, meat meal Foods with artificial colors Products without expiration dates or those past their expiration Products containing meat or bone meal Foods that are sweetened Wheat Gluten ( gum ) Products with protein derived from meat by-products

35 Dogs are omnivores, Cats are carnivores Dogs have fewer taste buds than we do Nothing s perfect so rotate diet (some pets can t tolerate changes) What to feed? Don t use Cat Food too high in fat/protein depend on Medical Condition Lifestyle (active or inactive) Size Growth or Maintenance? (puppy or adult?) Tips

36 Smaller breeds need more energy per Kg. Larger breeds grow slower so a lower calorie feed might fit better. Puppies should be switched from Growth to Maintenance around 9 months or when they reach 80-90% of anticipated weight Growth or All Life Stages Puppies

37 Puppies (Cont.) No free feeding Can cause anorexia & Most dogs can t self-regulate 3 months 4 times / day & 3-5 months 3 times / day One to three meals a day (average for adults) Gradually change food (5-7 days or longer if your puppies are sensitive)

38 Higher energy needs Active dogs Highest level of performance

39 Highest energy needs of any life stage Stress Need for repair Similar to active dogs but more Maintain mother and pups Pregnant or Nursing Females

40 Senior Dogs Lower protein is WRONG Need quality protein to maintain body May need fewer calories If healthy = normal diet If sick = prescription diet

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42 Prescription diet

43 CAT FOOD 1. Taurine (Beta-aminoethanesulfonic acid) Methionine + Cysteine Important in cat because lacking of enzyme (Cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase) to change Cysteine into Taurine Essential function of taurine in cat Cardiovascular function Retina Reproduction and immunity Bile acid Cell membrane stabilzer CNS & Skeletal muscle development + function

44 CAT FOOD 2. Carnitine Methionine + Lysine Carnitine almost found in striated muscle & myocardium Function of carnitine ATP production Transport of waste product from cells Increase liver functions Increase lipid metabolism Muscle strength and wound healing

45 Bath (shampoo) Brush Trim Nails Dental care

46 Shampoo Skin ph 7.5 (dog), 6.7 (Cat), 5.5 (human) The average ph of the pet shampoos was 6.46 and the human shampoo average ph was 5.84 Males had significantly higher ph values than females Variation of ph among breeds True or false? Are human shampoos formulated at a much more acidic ph than pet shampoos? Is mildly acidic shampoo harmful to a dog that has a mildly alkaline skin ph? Is an acidic shampoo more harsh and potentially irritating than a shampoo of 6.5 ph or higher?

47 Skin shampoo Useful composition in pet shampoo 1. Normal shampoo 1.1 Detergent to remove oil : Sodium lauryl (ether) sulfate 1.2 Moisturizing agent : Glycerol, Lanolin, Fatty alcohols, Propylene glycol

48 Skin shampoo Useful composition in pet shampoo 2. Medicated shampoo 2.1 Anti-seborrheic shampoo (Dry shampoo) Dandruff, oily hair coat Keratolytic activity (soften) : Salicylic acid, Sulfur Keratoplastic activity : Normal skin cell cycle : Pyrithione zinc / Selenium sulfide : CAUTION Using of tars is prohibit in cat!!! Benzoyl peroxide (follicular flushing)

49 2.2 Anti-bacterial shampoo Benzoyl peroxide* Ethyl lactate* Chlorhexidine Povidone iodine Triclosan Skin shampoo 2.3 Anti-fungal shampoo Ketoconazole (2%) Miconazole Selenium sulfide (Kill only yeast, but not fungi)

50 Skin shampoo 2.4 Anti-parasitic shampoo (fleas & mites) Pyrethrin / Pyrethroids (carefully use in cat) Carbamate (Carbaryl) Limonene Lindane (toxic in cat) Retenone (use in young animal)

51 2.5 Anti-pruritic shampoo parasite, allergy, infection, irritation Skin shampoo type of shampoo depends in causative agent : Hydrocortisone (steroid) : Antihistamine : Colloidal oatmeal : Menthol (cooling agent) : Tars and sulfur : Hypoallergic shampoo

52 Slicker brush (Bristles can hurt dog s skin, so must be gentle) Comb

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54 Nail Trimming Guillotine Scissor-like

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56 cut dark colored nails in several small cuts to reduce the chance of cutting into the quick

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58 Can use a styptic pencil containing silver nitrate to stop blood flow

59 Bad breath Signs of Oral Disease Excessive salvation Inflamed gums Tumors in the gums Cysts under the tongue Loose teeth

60 Toothpaste made especially for canines Containing of baking soda and water Never use fluoride with dogs under 6 months of age interfere with their enamel formation Don t use human toothpaste which can irritate a dog's stomach.

61 Tooth brush and Toothpaste

62 Gnawing on a chew toys Making its teeth strong. Help massage its gums and help keep teeth clean by scraping away soft tartar Gnawing also reduces dog's stress level Diet for Healthy Teeth -Specially formulated dry food that can slow down the formation of plaque and tartar.

63 Other products for dental care

64 Other general pet s products 1.Ears (Otic drug) 2.Eyes 3.Ecto- and Endoparasites products

65 Ophthalmic (eyes) drugs Drugs distribute via blood supplies at aqueous & vitreous humor, retina Cornea is a barrier for drugs distribution (except for lipid or small molecule of drug)

66 Appropriate method of eye medication Topical administration Oily bases Cheap and prolong action Less antiseptic effect, blur eyes, irritation of anterior chamber Aqueous bases Simply and convenient, easily distribute into lacrimal duct, better antiseptic Expensive and frequent administration

67 Type of optical drugs 1. Anti-microbial agents : Chloramphenical : Neomycin / Tobramycin : Ciprofloxacin - Iodide 2. Eye wash : 2% Boric acid 3. Anti-viral agents : Idoxuridine 4. Anti-fungal agents : Amphotericin B 5. Anti-inflammatory agents : Steroid** Steroid enhance of collagenase enzyme activity 14 times** : NSAID (Butazolidine ) : Antihistamines 6. Natural tear : Hypromellose and Dextran 7. Others Recommended by Vet

68 Steroid & Non-steroid drug Cell membrane Inflammation Prostaglandins / Thromboxanes Pain Leukotrienes

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70 Otic (ears) drugs 1. Antipyretic & analgesic agents - Benzocaine, antipyrine 2. Earwax removal - Carbamide peroxide (softens and loosens excessive ear wax) - Triethanolamine polypeptide oleate (surfactant) - Glycerine 3. Antibiotics - Neomycin, Tobramycin - Amoxycillin & clavulanate potassium 4. Steroids - Hydrocortisone, Dexamethazone 5. NSAID Acetaminophen / Ibuorofen 6. Others Recommended by Vet

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72 Ecto- and Endoparasitic products Endoparasite : intestinal parasites, heartworm, etc Ectoparasite : fleas, ticks, mites and lice Parasitic treatments Preventative treatments : are given on a regular interval in an effort to keep animals from getting a large burden of parasites. Curative treatments : given only in response to the positive identification of parasites. (Vet)

73 An available parasite medications, thus only the newest, preventative, prescription products will be discussed. Advantage, Frontline, Revolution, Heartgard, Interceptor, Program, Sentinel Others Shampoo, Spray, collar Advantage and Frontline (for ectoparasites) Monthly topicals application Advantage : kill adult fleas and flea larva Advantage Multi : Advantage + heartworm prevention + treatment & control of hookworms, roundworms and whipworms. Frontline : kill adult fleas and ticks Frontline Plus : kill adult fleas, larva, and eggs

74 Advantage (Imidacloprid and Moxidectin) Frontline (Fipronil)

75 Revolution (for endo- and ectoparasite) Monthly topical application Kill adult fleas, eggs, ear mites, roundworms & hookworms in cats Kill adult fleas, eggs, ticks, ear mites, and sarcoptic mange in dogs. Heartworm protection Revolution (Selamectin)

76 Program Plus Oral monthly tablets Kill flea eggs only Heartgard, Interceptor, and Sentinel Oral monthly tablets Kill a variety of parasites. Heartgard : kill immature heartworms, roundworms, and hookworms. Interceptor : kill immature heartworms, roundworms, hookworms, and whipworms. Sentinel : Combination of Interceptor and Program : kill immature heartworms, roundworms, hookworms, whipworms, and flea eggs.

77 Program Plus (Milbemycin oxime & Lufenuron) Not for cat Heartgard (Ivermectin) Heartgard Plus (Ivermectin & Pyrantel)

78 Other products Deworming tablet Amitraz Suspension Powder Collar

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