11/25/2012. Chapter 7 Part 2: Bones! Skeletal Organization. The Skull. Skull Bones to Know Cranium

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1 Chapter 7 Part 2: Bones! 5) Distinguish between the axial and appendicular skeletons and name the major parts of each 6) Locate and identify the bones and the major features of the bones that compose the skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage, pectoral girdle, upper limb, pelvic girdle, and lower limb. Skeletal Organization 206 bones in the human body Axial Skeleton located on the body s axis Skull, vertebrae, ribs & sternum Appendicular Skeleton associated with the appendages of the body Pectoral girdle (clavicle, scapula) arms, wrists and hands Pelvic girdle (pelvis) legs ankles and feet Joints The Skull The skull is made up of 22 bones, including 8 cranial bones, 13 facial bones, and the mandible. You will need to know 11 bones and 4 important sutures in the skull The cranium encloses and protects the brain, provides attachments for muscles, and contains air-filled sinuses that reduce its weight. Skull Bones to Know Cranium Frontal Parietal Temporal Mandibular fossa, external auditory meatus, styloid process Sphenoid Occipital Foramen magnum 1

2 Skull Bones to Know -Facial Facial bones protect the eyes, ears, nose and mouth Zygomatic Zygomatic arch Maxilla Mandible Mandiubular condyle, mental foramen Nasal bone Lacrimal Palatine Skull Sutures to Know Joints between skull bones Coronal, Sagittal, Lamboidal, Squamosal Vertebral Column The vertebral column is what makes up the backbone Supports the head, provides attachment for ribs, and encloses spinal cord Bones to know: Cervical vertebrae 7 Thoracic vertebrae 12 Lumbar vertebrae 5 Sacrum 1 Coccyx 1 2

3 Cervical Vertebrae Seven vertebrae located in the neck area Atlas C1 first cervical vertebra Articulates with occipital bone in skull Permits us to nod up and down (yes) Axis C2 second cervical vertebra Forms pivot for atlas to rotate Permits us to turn our heads (no) Spinous process of 3 rd 6 th vertebrae are bifid Divided at one end into 2 equal parts (2 pronged) Thoracic Vertebrae Twelve thoracic vertebrae are located in the chest area Have long spinous processes Have facets for articulation with ribs Lumbar Vertebrae Five lumbar vertebrae are located in the lower back Have large bodies that bear most of the body s weight Have prominent transverse processes Short, thick spinous process Sacrum and Coccyx Sacrum Wedge shaped, composed of 5 fused vertebrae Forms posterior pelvic girdle Articulation points for hips Coccyx tailbone Small and triangular, composed of 4 fused vertebrae 3

4 Thorax Helps protect the thoracic region of body Ribs (costals) 3 kinds of ribs True vertebrosternal (7 pairs) Articulate with vertebrae and sternum False vertebrochondral (3 pairs) Articulate with vertebrae and costal cartilage that attaches to true ribs Floating (2 pairs) Articulates with vertebrae but not attached to costal cartilage or sternum Sternum- 3 parts Manubrium upper region Body midportion Xiphoid process inferior end of sternum - cartilaginous Appendicular Skeleton 126 bones Composed of the Upper Extremities Pectoral girdle (clavicle, scapula) Arms, wrists and hands Lower Extremities Pelvic girdle (pelvis) Legs ankles and feet Pectoral Girdle AKA the shoulder permit attachment of muscles assisting in arm movement 2 clavicles 2 scapulae Arms Composed of 2 humerus 2 nd largest bone in body 2 radius thumb side of lower arm, can rotate around ulna 2 ulna larger than radius, limited movement, proximal end = olecranon process 4

5 Wrists and Hands 27 bones per hand Wrists carpals 8 small bones in 2 rows held together by ligaments Hands composed of 2 parts 5 Metacarpals 14 phalanges Fingers have 3 parts, distal, middle, proximal Thumb has 2 parts, proximal and distal Pelvic Girdle Pelvis protects soft organs of lower abdominal area Found on either side of midline of body Composed of 3 bones ilium, ischium and pubis Fuse with sacrum to form bowl-shaped structure Form joint in front symphysis pubis Form joint in back with sacrum sacroiliac joint Female pelvis is wider, lighter and smoother Legs Femur thigh bone Lightest and strongest Tibia shin bone largest in lower leg, medial Fibula lateral bone of leg Patella knee cap Seismoid bone, surrounded by bursae Ankles and Feet Ankles Tarsals 7 bones Calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuboid, and 3 cuneiform bones Feet 5 metatarsal bones Form 2 distinct arches, longitudinal and transverse Strong ligaments and tendons Toes phalanges Big toe 2 phalanges, proximal and distal 4 toes 3 phalanges, proximal, middle and distal 5

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