Skeleton of the lower limb
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1 Skeleton of the lower limb (ossa membri inferioris) RNDr. Michaela Račanská, Ph.D. Lecture 3 DENTISTRY Autumn 2016
2 Skeleton of the lower limb support the weight of the body and transfers that support to the axial skeleton across the hip and sacro-iliac joints Stability and balance thanks to the hip and knee joints lock, long standing in anatomical position less mobility but more stability than the pectoral girdle of the upper limb thanks to anchoring to the axial skeleton by the pelvic girdle
3 Skeleton of the pelvic (hip) girdle: the hip bone os coxae (the ilium os ilium, the ischium os ischii, the pubis os pubis) Skeleton of the free part of the lower limb: The thigh bone femur The knee cap patella The shinbone tibia Fibula The tarsus ossa tarsi The metatarsus ossa metatarsi Bones of digits (ossa digitorum pedis phalanges)
4 Bones of the pelvic girdle Attaches the lower limbs to the axial skeleton Transmits the weight of the upper body to the lower limbs Supports the visceral organs of the pelvis Formed by a pair of hip bones called coxal bones, and the sacrum
5 Os coxae (os ilium, os pubis, os ischii) Each os coxae has an: Ilium: The large upper portion, often called your hip bone. os ilium corpus, ala Ishium: The posterior/inferior bone, often called your seat bone. os ischii corpus, ramus Pubis: The anterior/inferior bone, which connects in front at the pubic symphysis. os pubis corpus, ramus sup. et inf. Acetabulum: point of fusion of all three, also called your hip socket. facies lunata fossa acetabuli incisura acetabuli foramen obturatum
6 corpus ossis ilii Os ilium ala ossis ilii fossa iliaca facies auricularis tuberositas iliaca linea arcuata sulcus praeauricularis tuberculum m. piriformis crista iliaca labium externum linea intermedia labium internum spinae iliacae spina iliaca anterior superior et inferior spina iliaca posterior superior et inferior linea glutaea posterior, anterior et inferior LATERAL VIEW MEDIAL VIEW
7 Os ischii corpus ossis ischii ramus ossis ischii tuber ischiadicum spina ischiadica incisura ischiadica major Incisura ischiadica minor LATERAL VIEW MEDIAL VIEW
8 LATERAL VIEW MEDIAL VIEW Os pubis corpus ossis pubis ramus superior ossis pubis eminentia iliopubica pecten ossis pubis tuberculum pubicum sulcus obturatorius ramus inferior ossis pubis facies symphysialis crista phallica
9 Proximal end head Femur the tigh bone corpus (body) Proximal end caput femoris fovea capitis femoris Neck of the femur (collum femoris) Distal end
10 Femur corpus femoris trochanter major et minor linea intertrochanterica crista intertrochanterica fossa trochanterica linea aspera labium mediale (linea pectinea) labium laterale (tuberositas glutaea) Trochanter tertius
11 Distal end condylus medialis condylus lateralis epicondylus medialis epicondylus lateralis facies patellaris fossa intercondylaris linea intercondylaris facies poplitea (planum popliteum)
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13 sesamoid bone encased in the patellar tendon Basis Apex Facies posterior (smooth articular surface) facies art. medialis (smaller) et lateralis (larger) Facies anterior (the rounded, convex anterior surface) PATELLA (knee cap)
14 Tibia (shin bone) Proximal end, body, distal end Proximal end condylus medialis et lateralis facies articularis superior medialis, lateralis eminentia intercondylaris tuberculum intercondylare mediale tuberculum intercondylare laterale area intercondylaris anterior et posterior facies articularis fibularis
15 Tibia (shin bone) Corpus (body) tuberositas tibiae linea musculi solei margo medialis margo anterior margo interosseus
16 Tibia (shin bone) Distal end malleolus medialis facies articularis malleoli medialis incisura fibularis tibiae facies articularis inferior tibiae sulcus malleolaris
17 Fibula Proximal end caput fibulae facies articularis capitis fibulae apex capitis fibulae
18 Fibula Corpus (body, shaft) margo anterior et posterior margo medialis et interosseus Distal end malleolus lateralis facies articularis malleoli lateralis sulcus malleolaris (mm.fibulares) fossa malleoli lateralis (lig. talofibulare post.)
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20 FOOT Ossa pedis Ossa digitorum pedis Ossa metatarsi Ossa tarsi
21
22 Talus (ankle bone) Caput tali (facies articularis navicularis) Collum tali Corpus tali Trochlea tali - facies articularis superior Facies articularis malleolaris lateralis et medialis Facies articularis calcanea posterior, media, anterior Sulcus tali (sinus tarsi - lig. talocalcaneare interosseum) dx Processus lateralis tali Processus posterior tali (tuberculum laterale, mediale) Sulcus tendinis musculi flexoris hallucis longi
23 Calcaneus (heel bone) tuber calcanei (processus medialis et lateralis) facies articularis talaris posterior, media et anterior sulcus calcanei (sulcus calcanei + sulcus tali = sinus tarsi) sustentaculum tali (medial) (sulcus tendinis musculi flexoris hallucis longi) trochlea fibularis (lateral) (sulcus tendinis musculi fibularis longi) facies articularis cuboidea
24 Os naviculare (navicular) tuberositas ossis navicularis Os cuboideum (cuboid) sulcus tendinis musculi fibularis longi Ossa cuneiformia (cuneiforms) mediale, intermedium et laterale Source: Netter s clinical anatomy
25 Ossa metatarsi I. V. (metatarsals) basis (base) (tuberositas ossis metatarsi I. et V.) I. V. Corpus (body) caput (head)
26 Ossa digitorum pedis, phalanges Hallux (big toe) phalanx proximalis et distalis II. V. digit phalanx proximalis, media et distalis basis phalangis (base) corpus phalangis (body) caput/trochlea (head, trochlea) tuberositas phalangis distalis Ossa sesamoidea
27 X-rays
28
29 crista iliaca Pelvis sagittal projektion spina iliaca post. sup. fossa iliaca art. sacroiliaca linea arcuata os sacrum foramina sacralia spina iliaca ant. sup. spina iliaca post. inf. os coxae acetabulum symphysis foramen obturatum tuber ischiadicum os pubis femur
30 X-ray of the pelvis af an child
31 Hip joint sagital projection os coxae acetabulum caput femoris fossa acetabuli fossa trochanterica trochanter major collum femoris crista intertrochanterica foramen obturatum femur trochanter minor
32
33 Knee Sagittal projection femur patella fossa intercondylaris condylus lat. femoris tuberculum intercondylare lat. condylus lat. tibiae condylus med. femoris tuberculum intercondylare mediale condylus medialis tibiae fibula tibia
34 Knee Lateral projection femur base patella apex condylus lateralis condylus medialis eminentia intercondylaris apex capitis fibulae caput fibulae tuberositas tibiae fibula tibia
35
36
37 FOOT dorsoplantar projection phalanges sesamoids metatarsals tarsals navicular talus 5 caput base corpus calcaneus trochlea corpus base 1., 2., 3. = ossa cuneiformia mediale, intermedia et laterale tibia fibula
38 Foot Lateral projection sinus tarsi talus ossa cuneiformia calcaneus
39 The pictures used in this lectures were taken from following sources (if it was not written under the picture else): Atlas der Anatomie des Menschen/Sobotta. Putz,R., und Pabst,R. 20. Auflage. München:Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1993 Netter: Interactive Atlas of Human Anatomy. John T. Hansen Netter s clinical anatomy, Elsevier, 2014 Drake et al: Gray s Anatomy for Students Naňka, Elišková: Přehled anatomie. Galén, Praha Čihák: Anatomie I, II, III. Own archiv of the lecturer, archiv of Department of Anatomy, LF MU BRNO
40 Thank you for your attention
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