Schedule. Quiz 3: Lower Extremity Bones (10pts) Assignment 3 was due New Material: Joints and Ligaments Assignment 4 and EC 2 Posted
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1 Schedule Quiz 3: Lower Extremity Bones (10pts) Assignment 3 was due New Material: Joints and Ligaments Assignment 4 and EC 2 Posted
2 JOINTS & LIGAMENTS
3 What is a joint? AKA Articulations Definition: Union or junction between 2 or more bones Joints exhibit a variety of forms and functions Two Classification Methods Classification by Structure Classification by Function
4 Classifications Functional classifications Synarthrosis 1. Permits very little or no movement under normal conditions Amphiarthrosis 2. Slightly moveable Diarthrosis 3. Free movement Structural classifications Fibrous Joint Cartilaginous Joint Synovial Joint
5 Structural Classification of Joints Fibrous Joint 1. Joined by fibrous connective tissue Immoveable or slightly moveable joints Examples: A. B. C. Suture (ex: cranium) Syndesmosis (ex: interosseous membrane) Gomphosis (ex: tooth articulation with mandible/maxilla) A C B
6 Structural Classification of Joints Cartilaginous Joint 2. Joined by cartilage Immoveable or slightly moveable joints Examples: A. B. Synchondroses (ex: epiphysial plate) Symphyses (ex: intervertebral disc) B A
7 Structural Classification of Joints 3. Synovial Joint Articulating bones surrounded by a joint capsule and enclosure of a fluid-filled joint cavity Freely moveable Five distinguishing features: 1. Articular cartilage 2. Joint cavity 3. Articular capsule 4. Synovial fluid 5. Accessory ligaments Six types of synovial joints: 1. Planar/gliding joint 2. Hinge joint 3. Pivot joint 4. Condyloid joint 5. Saddle joint 6. Ball and socket joint
8 1. Planar/Gliding Joints Two relatively flat articular surfaces glide/slide across one another Examples: Intercarpal Joints Intertarsal Joints Acromioclavicular joint Only gliding allowed Least moveable of synovial joints
9 2. Hinge Joint Involves a concave and convex surface Examples: Knee Elbow Permit angular motion in a single plane (uniaxial) Flexion/Extension only
10 3. Pivot Joint A cylindrical bone rotates inside a ring shaped bone Moniaxial Only permits rotation Examples: Atlantoaxial Joint Radioulnar Joint
11 4. Condyloid Joint AKA Ellipsoid Joint An oval articular surface of one bone articulates with elliptical surface of another bone Motion occurs in two planes Examples Metacarpophalangeal joints Metatarsophalangeal joints Atlantooccipital Joint
12 5. Saddle Joint Articulating surfaces fit together like a rider on a saddle One surface is concave and the other convex Example: Carpometacarpal Joint Allows for opposition
13 6. Ball and Socket Joint A rounded/spherical bone end articulates with a cup shaped cavity/depression of another bone Movements in all planes All movements can be performed, including circumduction Examples A. B. Hip Shoulder A B
14
15 STOP- Review What s a joint? What are the two classifications of joints? What are the 3 functional classifications? What are the 3 structural classifications? Name examples of each structural joint What are the 6 types of synovial joints? Name examples of each
16 SPECIFIC JOINTS AND LIGAMENTS
17 Shoulder Joint/Complex Made up of 4 joints: Glenohumeral Joint Sternoclavicular Joint Acromioclavicular Joint Scapulothoracic Joint Made up of 5 Ligaments: Coracohumeral Ligament Glenohumeral Ligament Coracoacromial Ligament Acromioclavicular Ligament Coracoclavicular Ligament A. B. Trapezoid Ligament Conoid Ligament
18 Shoulder Joints
19 Shoulder Ligaments
20 Coracohumeral Ligament Coracoacromial Ligament
21 Glenohumeral Ligament Connects the glenoid cavity/fossa and the humeral head.
22 Acromioclavicular Ligament/Capsule
23 Coracoclavicular Ligaments Conoid Ligament Medial Trapezoid Ligament Lateral
24 Elbow Joint/Complex Made up of 3 joints: Humeroulnar Joint Humeroradial Joint Proximal Radioulnar Joint
25 Elbow Ligaments Annular Ulnar Collateral (UCL) Radial Collateral (RCL)
26 Ulnar Collateral Radial Collateral Ligament (UCL) Ligament (RCL) Annular Ligament
27 Wrist Retinaculae Flexor Retinaculum Extensor Retinaculum
28 Flexor Retinaculum Holds the tendons of flexor muscles in place. Extensor Retinaculum Holds the tendons of extensor muscles in place.
29 Review Shoulder: 4 Joints (glenohumeral, sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, scapulothoracic), 5 Ligaments (coracohumeral, glenohumeral, coracoacromial, acromioclavicular, coracoclavicular [trapezoid, conoid]) Elbow: 3 Joints (humeroulnar, humeroradial, proximal radioulnar) 3 Ligaments (Annular, UCL, RCL) Wrist Retinaculae: Flexor, and Extensor
30 Hip Joints Acetabulofemoral Joint Pubic Sympysis
31 Ligaments of the Hip Joint Iliofemoral Ligament (Y-Ligament) Pubofemoral Ligament Ischiofemoral Ligament (Posterior) Anterior View Posterior View
32 Iliofemoral Y ligament Pubofemoral ligament Ischiofemora l ligament
33 Knee Joints Patellofemoral Tibiofemoral
34 Knee Ligaments 5. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) Lateral Meniscus 6. Medial Meniscus
35 Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Anterior View Posterior View
36 Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) Anterior View Posterior View
37 Knee Ligaments (cont) Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
38 Knee Ligaments (cont) Medial meniscus Lateral meniscus
39 Review Hip: 2 Joints (acetabulofemoral, pubic symphysis) 3 Ligaments (Iliofemoral, Pubofemoral, Ischiofemoral) Knee: 2 joints (tibiofemoral, patellofemoral) 6 Ligaments (ACL, PCL, MCL,LCL, Lateral Meniscus, Medial Meniscus)
40 Ankle Joints Talocrural Joint Subtalar Joint Distal Tibiofibular Joint Distal Tibiofibular Joint Subtalar Joint
41 Ankle Ligaments Lateral Complex Anterior Tibiofibular Ligament Posterior Tibiofibular Ligament Calcaneofibular Ligament Anterior Talofibular Ligament Posterior Talofibular Ligament *Trick: Fibular is always the last half of the word
42 Ankle Ligaments- Lateral Complex
43 Ankle Ligaments Medial Complex Posterior Tibiotalar Ligament Tibiocalcaneal Ligament Tibionavicular Ligament Anterior Tibiotalar Ligament *Trick: Tibio- is always the first half of the word
44 Review Ankle: 3 joints (Tabocrural, Subtalar, Distal Tibiofibular) Ligaments: Lateral Complex: Anterior and Posterior Tibiofibular, Anterior and Posterior Talofibular, Calcaneofibular Medial Compex: Posterior and Anterior Tibiotalar, Tibiocalcaneal, Tibionavicular)
45 Review Ask Questions Work on Lab Activity Review Game Practical 1 next week Look for open lab times
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