ARTICULATIONS and MUSCULAR SYSTEM
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1 ARTICULATIONS and MUSCULAR SYSTEM PART #1 ARTICULATIONS 1. Introduction A. Articulation C. Kinesiology B. Arthrology D. Rheumatology 2. Structural Classifications for Joints A. Fibrous Joints i. Suture ii. iii. Gomphosis Dense Regular Connective Tissue a. Periodontal ligament Ligament B. Cartilaginous Joints i. Symphysis ii. a. Symphesis pubis b. Annulus fibrosis of Intervertebral disk Synchondroses C. Synovial Joints a. Costal Cartilages b. Epiphyseal plates (Growth plates) i. Anatomical Characteristics a. Synovial Cavity b. Articular Capsule Synovial Membrane * Synovial Fluid (SF) Page 1
2 iv. Fibrous Capsule c. Articular Cartilage d. Accessory Ligaments Extracapsular Ligaments Intracapsular Ligaments e. Menisci f. Bursae g. Fat Pad Synovial Joint Movements Note: Know all examples given in class i preparation for the lab practical. See your text as well for support) a. Gliding b. Angular Flexion Extension Hyperextension * Examples: antebrachium, lower leg, vertebral Abduction Adduction column, cervical vertebrae * Examples: arm, leg c. Rotation (example: rotation of arm) Medial Rotation Lateral Rotation d. Circumduction (example: glenohumeral joint, coxal joint e. Special. Inversion (Example: feet) Page 2
3 Eversion (Example: feet) Dorsiflexion (Example: feet) Plantar Flexion (Example: feet) Protraction (Example: mandible, pectoral girdle, head) Retraction (Example: mandible, pectoral girdle, head) Supination (Example: palms of hand) Pronation (Example: palms of hand) Elevation (Example: mandible, pectoral girdle) Depression (Example: mandible, pectoral girdle) 4. Major Body Articulations A. Humeroscapular (Shoulder) Joint i. Articular Capsule ii. Coracohumeral Ligament iii. Glenohumeral Ligaments iv. Transverse Humeral Ligament a. Subscapular bursa b. Subdeltoid bursa c. Subacromial bursa d. Subcoracoid bursa e. subacromial bursa. B. Coxal (Hip) Joint i. Articular Capsule ii. Iliofemoral Ligament iii. Pubofemoral Ligament iv. Ischiofemoral Ligament v. Capitate Ligament vi. Acetabular Labrum C. Tibiofemoral (Knee) Joint i. Sub-Joints a. Intermediate Patellofemoral b. Lateral Tibiofemoral Joint ii. iii. c. Medial Tibiofemoral Joint Articular Discs a. Medial Meniscus b. Lateral Meniscus Transverse Ligament Coronary Ligaments Intraarticular Ligaments a. Tibial Collateral Ligament b. Fibular Collateral Ligament c. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Page 3
4 d. Posterior Cruciate Ligaments iv. Articular Capsule v. Anterior Accessory Ligaments a. Medial and Lateral Patellar Retinacula b. Patellar Ligament vi. Posterior Accessory Ligaments a. Oblique Popliteal Ligament b. Arcuate Popliteal Ligament vii. Bursae a. Anterior Bursae Prepatellar Bursa Infrapatellar Bursa Suprapatellar Bursa b. Medial bursae c. Lateral Bursae PART #2 MUSCULAR SYSTEM 1. Introduction A. Muscle Tissue B. Muscular System 2. Muscular Orientation A. Origin B. Insertion C. Belly (Gaster) 3. Group Actions A. Agonists B. Antagonists C. Synergists D. Fixators Page 4
5 4. Naming of Skeletal Muscles - (Memorization of these examples in not encouraged. But when you see a muscle name, you are expected to be able to identify what information is inherent within the name) A. Direction of Fibers i. Terminology Rectus Transverse Oblique Orbicularis ii. Examples (What is the direction of the fascicles for each muscle?) Rectus abdominis External Oblique Transverse abdominis Orbicularis oculi B. Location i. Examples (The name communicates what location?) Temporalis Frontalis Occipitalis Pectoralis Minor External Intercostals Internal Intercostals Iliacus Orbicularis oris C. Number of Origins i. Examples (The name communicates how many origins?) Biceps Brachii Triceps Brachii D. Shape i. Examples (The following muscles will have what shapes?) Deltoid Rhomboideus Major Serratus Anterior Trapezius E. Origin and Insertion Page 5
6 i. Examples (Identify the origin and/or insertion of each) Sternocleidomastoid Supraspinatus Choracobrachialis Infraspinatus F. Action i. Examples (What are the actions for each muscle below?) Massater (Mastication = chewing) Levator Scapulae Depressor Labii Inferioris Adductor Magnus Pronator teres PART #3 Muscles and Groups - Pull out Muscle Groups Handout Page 6
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