Exercise Science Section 4: Joint Mechanics and Joint Injuries
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1 Exercise Science Section 4: Joint Mechanics and Joint Injuries An Introduction to Health and Physical Education Ted Temertzoglou Paul Challen ISBN
2 Types of Joints Fibrous joint Cartilaginous joint Synovial joint
3 Types of Synovial Joints Ball-andsocket joint Gliding joint Hinge joint Pivot joint Saddle joint Ellipsoid joint
4 The Characteristics of a Synovial Joint Bone Blood vessels Nerve Joint capsule Joint cavity (filled with synovial fluid) Synovial membrane Fibrous capsule Articular cartilage Bursa Tendon sheath Tendon Membranous layer Fibrous layer Periosteum
5 Tissue Properties Tendons: v Composed of collagen (bundles of white, fibrous protein) v Attach muscle to bone v Vascular Ligaments: v Tough bands of white, fibrous tissue v Attach bone to bone v Avascular
6 Common Sport Injuries Strains, pulls, and tears v Terms used to describe injuries to all joint tissue types Tendinitis v Inflammation of a tendon Dislocations v Bone displaced from its original location Separations v Fibrous s that bind the bones tear and separate Cartilage v Torn cartilage Shin splints v Tearing of the interosseous membrane or the periosteum Tendinitis
7 Proper Treatment of an Injury S.H.A.R.P P.I.E.R. Principle Swelling: instantly or over time Heat: increased temperature in the area Altered: tissue will not function properly Red: in colour Pressure: tensor wrap Ice: placed on affected area Elevate: to reduce swelling Restrict: tensors, slings, or crutches Painful: to touch or move
8 The Shoulder Joint Clavicle Coracoclavicular Coracoid process Acromioclavicular Acromion Coracoacromial Scapula Glenohumeral s and joint capsule Tendon of biceps brachii (long head) Humerus
9 Shoulder Joint Injuries Biceps tendinitis v Caused by overuse of the biceps brachii muscle Shoulder separation v Tearing of the acromioclavicular Shoulder dislocation v Occurs when the humerus pops out of the glenoid fossa Rotator cuff tears v An injury to one of the rotator cuff tendons Shoulder separation
10 The Knee Joint Anterior Quadriceps tendon Patella Patellar Medial (Tibial) collateral Fibula Tibial tuberosity Tibia
11 The Knee Joint Anterior (deep) Femur Lateral (Fibular) collateral removed Lateral Condyle Lateral Meniscus Posterior cruciate Medial (Tibial) collateral removed Medial Condyle Anterior cruciate Medial Meniscus Tibial Tuberosity Fibula Tibia
12 The Knee Joint Posterior Femur Adductor magnus tendon Medial head of gastrocnemius tendon Semimembranosus tendon Medial (Tibial) collateral Lateral head of gastrocnemius tendon Oblique popliteal Lateral (Fibular) collateral Fibular head Fibula Tibia
13 The Knee Joint Posterior (deep) Femur Anterior cruciate Posterior meniscofemoral Medial meniscus Popliteal tendon Lateral meniscus Medial (Tibial) collateral Posterior cruciate Lateral (Fibular) collateral Fibula Tibia
14 Knee Joint Injuries Knee tears v Q-angle may contribute to the predisposition of ACL tears Osgood-Schlatter syndrome v Affects the epiphyseal plate of the tibial tuberosity Patellofemoral Syndrome (PFS) v Gradual onset of anterior knee pain/pain around the patella Osgood- Schlatter syndrome
15 The Ankle Joint Medial View Tibia Deltoid Medial malleolus Calcaneal (Achilles) tendon Long plantar
16 The Ankle Joint Lateral View Fibula Tibia Lateral malleolus Posterior tibiofibular Anterior tibiofibular Posterior talofibular Anterior talofibular Calcaneus Anterior talofibular
17 Ankle Joint Injuries Inversion sprains v twisted ankle Eversion sprains v Occurs to the deltoid v Pott s Fracture A force on the medial side of ankle causing the deltoid to rip off the tip of the medial malleolus; and a break of the fibula Inversion sprain
18
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