LANGUAGE DISORDERS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS: A CASE STUDY OF FIVE SCHIZOPHRENIA PARANOID PATIENTS IN SIMEULUE DISTRICT HOSPITAL

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1 LANGUAGE DISORDERS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS: A CASE STUDY OF FIVE SCHIZOPHRENIA PARANOID PATIENTS IN SIMEULUE DISTRICT HOSPITAL A THESIS BY BEBY FEBRI KURNIA REG.NO: DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2015

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3 Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana Sastra Examination Head, Secretary, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS NIP Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D NIP

4 Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan. The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on Saturday July 11, Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA NIP Board of Examiners Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, MS Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph.D Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, M.A. Dr. Ridwan Hanafiah, S.H., M.A. Dr. Eddy Setia, M.Ed. TESP....

5 AUTHOR S DECLARATION I, BEBY FEBRI KURNIA DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR OR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE. NO OTHER PERSON S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION. Signed : Date : iv

6 COPYRIGHT DECLARATION NAME : BEBY FEBRI KURNIA TITLE OF THESIS : LANGUAGE DISORDER IN SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENT: A CASE STUDY OF FIVE SCHIZOPHRENIA PARANOID PATIENTS IN SIMEULUE DISTRICT HOSPITAL QUALIFICATION : S-1/SARJANA SASTRA DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER THE LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA. Signed : Date : v

7 ACKNOWLEDGMENT AlhamdulillahiRabbil Alamin, Thank to Allah SWT. God Almighty, the blessing and guidance so that the writer finally can finish this thesis. The writer realized that this thesis owes its existence to the help, support and inspiration of several people. Firstly, I would like to express my sincere appreciation and gratitude to my supervisor, Dr. Eddy Setia,. M.Ed, TESP and my co-supevisor Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA. Ph.D for their guidance during this research. The writer also indebted to Dr. Emir Abdullah, spkj and Mrs. Otriana, who have been helped during the collecting of the data of this research in Simeulue Dictrict Hospital. And I would also like to thank the schizophrenia patients in Simeulue District Hospital, for their participation in this research. And a very special thanks also goes out to my friends Camelia, Elvi, Florence, Altena, Evi and Yudha, my roommates Rahmi, Diza, and Uul. I would never forget your contribution to this thesis, helping me with translations and grammar. Finally, my deepest gratitude goes to my family; my beloved father Elvis Djohan and my beloved mother Fatmawati, my sister Elsa Noviana and my brother Endrico Fermi, for their unflagging love and unconditional support throughout my life. Medan, April 20 th 2015 Writer, vi

8 ABSTRACT Language disorder in schizophrenia patients is an acquired language disorder due to thought disorder. This analysis analyzed language disorder in schizophrenia paranoid patients in Simeulue District Hospital. The objective of this analysis were: (1) to find out the types of schizophrenic speech found in schizophrenia paranoid patients, (2) to find out the most dominant type of schizophrenia speech found in schizophrenia paranoid patients, and (3) to find out which patient has most severe language disorder. The data analysis of this thesis found: (1) the types of language disorder found in schizophrenia paranoid patients are Poverty of Speech, Poverty of Content of Speech, Pressure of Speech, Distractible Speech, Tangentiality, Derailment, Illogicality, Circumstantiality, Loss of Goal and Self-Reference. (2) the most dominant type of language disorder in schizophrenia paranoid patients was poverty of speech (58 utterances), and (3) patient II was the patient with the most severe language disorder, this patient has at least 8 types of language disorder; poverty of speech, distractible speech, tangentiality, derailment, illogicality, circumstantiality, loss of goal and self-reference. Keywords: Psycholinguistics, language disorder, thought disorder, schizophrenia. vii

9 ABSTRAK Gangguan bahasa pada pasien skizofrenia adalah gangguan bahasa yang di peroleh oleh seseorang disebabkan oleh ganggun pikiran. Penelitian ini menganalisis gangguan bahasa pada pasien skizofrenia paranoid di Rumah Sakit Umum Kabupaten Simeulue. Tujuan dari analisi ini adalah: (1) menemukan jenisjenis gangguan bahasa apa saja yang terdapat pada pasien schizophrenia paranoid, (2) menemukan jenis gangguan bahasa yang paling dominan, dan (3) menemukan pasien manakah yang memiliki gangguan bahasa paling parah. Dari hasil analisi data yang di lakukan oleh penulis ditemukan: (1) Jenis-jenis gangguan bahasa yang di temukan pada pasien skizofrenia paranoid adalah Poverty of Speech, Poverty of Content of Speech, Pressure of Speech, Distractible Speech, Tangentiality, Derailment, Illogicality, Circumstantiality, Loss of Goal and Self- Reference. (2) jenis gangguan bahasa yang paling dominan pada pasien schizophrenia paranoid adalah poverty of speech (58 ujaran), dan (3) pasien II adalah pasien yang memiliki gangguan bahasa terbanyak, setidaknya terdapat 8 jenis gangguan bahasa, yaitu: poverty of speech, distractible speech, tangentiality, derailment, illogicality, circumstantiality, loss of goal and self-reference. Kata Kunci: Psycholinguistics, language disorder, thought disorder, schizophrenia. viii

10 TABLE OF CONTENTS AUTHOR S DECLARATION... COPYRIGHT DECLARATION... ACKNOWLEDGEMENT... ABSTRACT... ABSTRAK... TABLE OF CONTENT... LIST OF TABLE... iv v vi vii viii ix xi CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Background of study Problem of the Study Significance of the Study Objective of the Study Scope of the Study... 5 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Theoretical Background Language and Brain Psycholinguistics Description and Classification of Language Disorders Developmental and Acquired Language Disorder Medical and Environmental Language Disorder Language Disorder Speech Disorder Thought Disorder Schizophrenia Speech Related Researches ix

11 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD Method of the Study Data and Data Source Data Collecting Method Data Analysis Method CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDING Data Description Analysis Finding CHAPTER V CUNCLUSION AND SUGGESTION Conclusion Suggestion REFERENCES APPENDICES... x

12 LIST OF TABLES Table 4.1 Schizophrenic speech found in five selected schizophrenia paranoid patients xi