UNFAVORABLE EFFECT OF MENTAL STRESS IN ARTHUR DIMMESDALE S ROLE AS A PRIEST IN NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE S

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1 UNFAVORABLE EFFECT OF MENTAL STRESS IN ARTHUR DIMMESDALE S ROLE AS A PRIEST IN NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE S NOVEL THE SCARLET LETTER (1986) ; A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH RESEARCH PAPER Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for getting the Bachelor Degree of Education in English Department By: APRILIANA DEWI SAPTARINI A TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY MUHAMMADIYAH UNIVERSITY OF SURAKARTA 2011 i

2 APPROVAL UNFAVORABLE EFFECT OF MENTAL STRESS IN ARTHUR DIMMESDALE S ROLE AS A PRIEST IN NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE S NOVEL THE SCARLET LETTER (1986) ; A PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH by APRILIANA DEWI SAPTA RINI A Approved to be examined by Consultant Team Consultant I Consultant II (Dr.Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, M.Ed.) NIK.772 (Titis Setyabudi, S.S) NIK.948 ii

3 ACCEPTANCE UNFAVORABLE EFFECT OF MENTAL STRESS IN ARTHUR DIMMESDALE S ROLE AS A PRIEST IN NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE S NOVEL THE SCARLET LETTER (1986) ; A PSYCHOANALYTIC RESEARCH PAPER Prepared and Arranged by : APRILIANA DEWI SAPTA RINI A Accepted by the Board of Examiners School of Teacher Training and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta on February Dr.Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, M.Ed ( ) 2. Titis setyabudi, S.S ( ) 3. Drs. M. Thoyibi, MS. ( ) Dean, (Drs. H. Sofyan Anif, M.Si.) iii

4 TESTIMONY The writer states truthfully that this research paper is compiled by her without taking the result from other research in any university. In addition, the writer ascertains that she does not take the material from other publications or someone s work except for the references mentioned in bibliography. Surakarta, February 2011 The writer iv

5 MOTTO Some guiding words of mine are ; Now join your hand, and with your hands your hearts. (William Shakepears) Life is not fair in many cases, but God is always fair in all cases. Love of friendship is obviously seen in a shortage. v

6 DEDICATION This research paper is dedicated to : 1. Allah Almighty 2. The writer s beloved family 3. The writer s beloved husband to be 4. The writer s friends and acquaintances vi

7 SUMMARY APRILIANA DEWI SAPTA RINI. A UNFAVORABLE EFFECT OF MENTAL STRESS IN ARTHUR DIMMESDALE S ROLE AS A PRIEST IN NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE S NOVEL THE SCARLET LETTER (1986) ; A PSYCHOANALYTIC The subject of this research is how unfavorable effect of mental stress for Arthur Dimmesdale, as the role of a priest in Nathaniel Hawthorne s novel The Scarlet Letter. It was viewed from psychoanalytic approach. The objective of the research paper is analyzing the effect of repressed desire based on psychoanalytic theory by identifying the personality of major and minor character and structural elements of the novel. Achieving the object of this research, the writer uses library research to gain the accurate data in creating a valid and accountable research. The application of this method is by scrutinizing library materials which have strong relation with the problem examined in this writing. There are two types of the data including main data and supporting data. In assessing the research, the writer uses structural analysis approach through the theories to clarify the intrinsic elements. Furthermore, to analyze the personality of Arthur Dimmesdale. The writer applies psychoanalytic theory which discusses the process and outcome of the repressed of emotion and someone s biological desire. The result of this research shows that human emotion and desire which can not be repressed completely lost and it will cause the nature of certain character that makes up a new personality. By new Arthur Dimmesdale s personality, it can be seen in his actions in public society. Consultant I Consultan II Dr.Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, M.Ed Titis Setyabudi, S.S NIK.772 NIK. 948 Approved by School of Teacher and Traianing and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta Dean Drs.H. Sofyan Anis, M.Si NIK.547 vii

8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Bismillahirrohmaanirrohim There is nothing first and primary to say but all praise be to Allah who gives the writer a blessing so that she can finish this research paper entitled : UNFAVORABLE EFFECT OF MENTAL STRESS IN ARTHUR DIMMESDALE S ROLE AS A PRIEST IN NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE S NOVEL THE SCARLET LETTER (1986) ; A PSYCHOANALYTIC as a partial fulfillment of the requirements for achieving a master s degree on education. The writer realizes that this research paper is far from be ing perfect because of the writer s limited knowledge and experience. The writer is also aware of the fact that this research paper could not have been completed without encouragement and help of other people. Thus, in this case, the writer would like to express her great appreciation and gratitude to those who have contributed their help ; 1. Drs. Sofyan Anif, M.Si, Dean of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta who gave the writer a reference to conduct the research. 2. Dr.Phil. Dewi Chandraningrum, S.Pd, M.Ed, her first consultant who gave the writer suggestion and guidance. 3. Titis Setyabudi, SS, her second consultant who gave improvement, correction and motivation to make this research paper better. 4. Dra. Endang Fauzi, he r former academic consultant who always gave guidance during her studying. viii

9 5. Her father and mother, brothers, sisters, niece, and nephews who gave invaluable and indispensable assistance from time to time. 6. Her husband to be, who gave the writer much love and care, his direct or indirect contribution and had accompanied or helped the writer all the time. 7. Her best friend ever Tyas, and all Tyas friends that just knew me who could not be mentioned one by one, thank you for the beginning friendship. 8. Her friends in English Department, Rastry, Fitri, Astry, Papanx, Erika, Iim, Evi, Henita, and others. For giving support and spirit to finish her study. Finally the writer is greatly indebted and really invites criticism or suggestion which may be able to make this research paper perfect and also hopes that this research paper will have a significance in developing literary research. Thank you Wassalamu alaikum wr.wb Surakarta, February 2011 APRILIANA DEWI SAPTA RINI ix

10 TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE... APPROVAL... ACCEPTANCE... TESTIMONY... MOTTO... DEDICATION... SUMMARY... ACKNOWLEDGMENT... TABLE OF CONTENT... i ii iii iv v vi vii viii x CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study... 1 B. Literature Review C. Problem Statement D. Limitation of the Study... 7 E. Objectives of the Study... 8 F. The Benefits of the Study... 8 G. Theoretical Approach Freud s Psychoanalytic Theories Structural Elements of the Novel H. Theoretical Application I. Research Method J. Research Paper Organization x

11 CHAPTER II THE UNDERLYING THEORY A. Novel and Its Definition B. Type of Novel Avountur Novel Psychology Novel Detective Novel Social Novel Collective Novel C. Novel Structure Theme Plot Character and Characterization Setting Language D. Confict E. Psychoanalytic Approach Unconsciousness Id, Ego and Superego Anxiety Defense Mechanisms CHAPTER III STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS A. The Analysis of Structural Analysis Character and Characterization xi

12 2. Plot Setting of the Work Point of View Style of Work Symbolism Theme B. Discussion CHAPTER IV PSYCHOANALYTIC ANALYSIS A. General Description of Arthur Dimmesdale s Personality Arthur Dimmesdale s Appearance Arthur Dimmesdale s Life Surrounding B. Adverse Effect of Mental Stress in Arthur Dimmesdale s Role As a Priest Anxiety Denial Sublimation Displacement Rationalization Reaction Formation Fantasy xii

13 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION A. Conclusion B. Suggestion BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX xiii