Natural Computation and Self Organization in Monkey Behavior KELLY FINN ANIMAL BEHAVIOR GRADUATE GROUP

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Lorin Carroll
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1 Natural Cmputatin and Self Organizatin in Mnkey Behavir KELLY FINN ANIMAL BEHAVIOR GRADUATE GROUP

2 Overview - cmmn methds in animal behavir - my interests - ratinale - gals/aims - preliminary data - preliminary analysis

Ideally, it shuld be able t instruct tw different peple t recrd the same behavirs the same way Types f

3 Traditinal Sampling Observatinal methds (Altmann, 1974; Martin & Batesn, 2007) Ethgram a detailed catalgue f behavirs, usually mutually exclusive and as bjective as pssible. Ideally, it shuld be able t instruct tw different peple t recrd the same behavirs the same way Types f sampling: - All ccurrence - 1/0 sampling - Instantaneus scan sampling Mstly use intuitin t decide upn sampling, time scales, duratins.

4 New tls and technlgy

respnd t patterns Dissertatin: 1. Pattern perceptin 2.

5 My Interests pattern and structure - Hw t measure behavir - Hw patterns relates t functin - Hw animals perceive and respnd t patterns Dissertatin: 1. Pattern perceptin 2. Individual behavir patterns 3. Grup level netwrk structure

current envirnment, past envirnment, hrmnes, health state, physilgy, etc.

6 System is an animal its behavir is a prduct f many different things n many different time scales: evlutinary histry f the species, genetic cmpsitin, rearing influences, interactins with ther animals, current envirnment, past envirnment, hrmnes, health state, physilgy, etc. etc. etc. (and all f these things als interact with each ther). An animal is basically a black bx, with behaviral utputs we can measure.

7 Cmplexity in bilgical systems Thery f cmplexity lss in aging and disease (Gldberger et al, 2002) - healthy systems utput cmplex multi-scaled variability that allws fr adaptive capabilities and breaks dwn with age r illness. - the lng-range scaling patterns f human heartbeat and gait dynamics have been shwn t deterirate in markedly pathlgical cnditins (Gldberger et al, 2002b). A cmpletely rdered universe, hwever, wuld be dead. Chas is necessary fr life. Behaviural diversity, t take an example, is fundamental t an rganism s survival. N rganism can mdel the envirnment in its entirety. Apprximatin becmes essential t any system with finite resurces. Chas, as we nw understand it, is the dynamical mechanism by which nature develps cnstrained and useful randmness. Frm it fllw diversity and the ability t anticipate the uncertain future. There is a tendency, whse laws we are beginning t cmprehend, fr natural systems t balance rder and chas, t mve t the interface between predictability and uncertainty. The result is increased structural cmplexity. Crutchfield (2011)

8 Cmplexity in behavir patterns - animal-envirnment interactin (i.e. resurce acquisitin) - self-regulatin f behavir in respnse t a changing envirnment - pathlgical behaviral steretypy The measurement f behaviral cmplexity r structure may be an untapped yet fundamental surce f infrmatin abut an animal s behaviral eclgy and health.

9 Brief review f literature Previus studies have reprted that certain analyses f behavir pattern can detect subtle changes in hidden animal behaviral structure that are missed when using traditinal measures such as average duratins (Escós et al., 1995; Asher et al., 2009; Seurnt & Cribb, 2011). Variability in behaviral sequence cmplexity has been linked t many characteristics: - differences by sex: scial behavir f chimpanzees (Alads & Huffman, 2000); fraging and lcmtin behavir in Japanese macaques (MacIntsh et al., 2011) - stress level: bat traffic disturbance in dlphin surface behavir (Seurnt & Cribb, 2011); resurce deprivatin in chickens (María et al., 2009) - age: yung chickens (María et al., 2009); adult macaques (MacIntsh et al., 2011) - states knwn t be energetically taxing such as reprductin, clinically impaired health, and parasite infectin: Japanese macaques (MacIntsh et al., 2011), Spanish Ibex (Alads et al, 1996), chimpanzees (Alads & Huffman, 2000).

Animal Mvement - fairly bjective behavir t scre - fundamental t survival f mbile species, multi-purpse - already assciated with health (self-tracking) - tns f this type f data is

10 Animal Mvement - fairly bjective behavir t scre - fundamental t survival f mbile species, multi-purpse - already assciated with health (self-tracking) - tns f this type f data is being cllected Mvement data prvide a windw - ften ur nly windw - int the cgnitive, scial, and bilgical prcesses that underlie the behaviral eclgy f animals in the wild. - Gurarie et al 2016

11 Gals: Describe structure in mnkey mvement - Relate pattern attributes t functin behaviral state, terrain, individual characteristics (age, health, rank, etc.) - Infrm future measurement and sampling

Kshima, Summer 2015 - EAPSI prgram (NSF/JSPS) - Pilt data -

12 Kshima, Summer EAPSI prgram (NSF/JSPS) - Pilt data - cllabratin with Dr. Andrew MacIntsh - behaviral structure ~ parasite lad

13 Japanese macaques f Kshima

14 Life in the field

Data - 56 sequences (4 sequences frm each f 14 mnkeys) - 1-0 activity dwn t the

15 Data - 56 sequences (4 sequences frm each f 14 mnkeys) activity dwn t the secnd* - 1,000-4,000 data pints/sequence - Activity ranged frm.5% t 52% (mean 17.51%)

16 Sequences "density plts f lengths f activity buts" 0.06 density 0.04 type act inact d1$length

17 Return Maps Activity fllwed by inactivity but lengths Activity but lengths n+1~n Inactivity but lengths n+1~n ilength n n ilength alength n n

18 H(L) fr different L, using wrd frequencies HxL fr different mnkey sequences d$l cbind(d$s, d$sk, d$sku, d$ss, d$ss, d$su) (Glden mean)

19 Entrpy by wrd length fr randmized and real sequences randm randm but real 8 6 entrpy 4 mnkey kibana mt sne usu wrd length

20 Next steps - E-machines Bayesian Inference t get inf calculatins Alternating renewal prcess mdel type Marzen et al, 2015

21 Stay tuned - Field seasn Winter Partitining frm accelermeter data - Simulated data, sampling

DATA RELEASE: UPDATED PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS ON 2016 HEALTH & LIFESTYLE SURVEY ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE QUESTIONS

DATA RELEASE: UPDATED PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS ON 216 HEALTH & LIFESTYLE SURVEY ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE QUESTIONS This briefing has been specifically prepared fr the Ministry f Health t prvide infrmatin frm this