Unit 5 Exemplar assignment

Transcription

1 Unit 5 Exemplar assignment Sample assessment for P3 and M4 The following is a suggestion for a PowerPoint presentation. Each emboldened heading is a slide and the bullet points are main headings. To P3, the student should give an adequate explanation; the slides by themselves do not constitute an explanation. An explanation should include something similar to the notes that have been added after a slide, where appropriate. Not all the slides have notes. Understanding Discipline Within the Public Services P3 Explain what is meant by conformity and obedience, and how they are represented in the uniformed public services, including the factors that influence them. A psychological need to be accepted by others A change in belief or behaviour in response to real or imagined group pressure You regard yourself as belonging to the group if your behaviour conforms to that of the group Notes: has three main elements to it. Firstly, it is considered to be a psychological need to be accepted by others, which means that the need comes from within the person. A person may feel this need for a number of reasons, which I will explain later. Secondly, conformity is where someone will change their belief or behaviour in response to group pressure that is either real or imagined. There are a number of reasons for this, which I shall explain later. Thirdly, someone will regard themselves as belonging to a group if their behaviour conforms, or is the same as, that of the group. Again, I shall explain this later. Key concepts There is no clear or direct requirement to act in a certain way It is normally peers or equals who influence us The emphasis is on acceptance regulates the behaviour among those of equal status The behaviour adopted is similar to that of peers Notes: The fact that there is no clear requirement to act in a certain way reinforces the theory that conformity is a psychological need. The need could arise from a feeling of envy or respect for members of the group, or simply that it seems to be the type of group, for whatever reason, that someone wants to be associated with. The important thing is acceptance and once accepted the behaviour is regulated by the fact that everyone is conforming. That is, everyone is behaving the same and there is no need for orders or instructions. Harcourt Education Ltd Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. [1]

2 Unit 5: Understanding discipline within the uniformed public services BTEC National Uniformed Public Services You are ordered or instructed to behave in a particular way You are ordered to do something by someone in higher authority involves social power and status, whereas conformity is regarded as a need to be accepted by others Notes: is very different to conformity in three main ways. Firstly, unlike conformity, you are ordered or instructed to do something it is not a psychological state of mind. Secondly, the order comes from a higher authority but in conformity there is no higher authority everyone is equal. Thirdly, obedience involves social power and status, which is necessary for the person giving the instruction to have authority to order or instruct., on the other hand, does not involve social power and status; it is feeling the need to be accepted and you can only feel accepted if you alter your behaviour and belief to that of the group. With obedience you can carry out an order but it might not alter your behaviour or belief and you might still not feel as though you are accepted. Influences Compliance Self-esteem Social norms Uniforms Respect Fear Reward Love Notes: is influenced by compliance with common practices. For example, a common practice within a group could be the fact that everyone wears blue denim jeans and to belong to that particular group means you must do the same. Self-esteem could play a large part in conformity in that low self-esteem is a feeling of little worth and, perhaps, isolation. When people feel that they belong, their feeling of worth improves and this is what they need to feel accepted. Social norms are an influence of conformity because it is part of our nature to socialise and interact it is the way we have been brought up. If we are not happy with a particular culture or way of life, we are at liberty to choose one we are happier with. Uniforms are, among other things, an instantly recognisable symbol of unity and belonging. Just as wearing blue denim jeans is a type of dress code, a uniform of any description is a sign that someone belongs to a particular group or culture. [2] Harcourt Education Ltd Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.

3 BTEC National Uniformed Public Services Unit 5: Understanding discipline within the uniformed public services How they are represented in the uniformed public services 1. Compliant with wishes or commands of service 2. Self-esteem is high when you are doing a good job or receive praise 3. It natural to want to socialise and interact with others, and to know you are helping society 4. Uniforms show a sense of belonging 1. Fear of punishment and losing self-respect 2. Rewarded through conduct medals, pay and satisfaction 3. A love for the service and the job, as well as a love of teamwork 4. Respect for colleagues and higher ranks. Notes: When uniformed public service personnel are complying, they are acting in accordance with wishes or commands. For example, saluting senior officers or standing to attention when commanded. It is part of the tradition of the uniformed public services to do this and if a member wants to be accepted, then they must comply. Self-esteem is high when personnel feel they are doing a good, worthwhile job, especially when they are praised for doing it. Self-esteem is a factor in conformity and it is very applicable in the uniformed public services. Social norms, or customs, are something that we have become accustomed to from an early age. They involve socialising and interacting with others and they make us feel confident that we belong to society. This is also true with the uniformed public services. Uniforms are instantly recognisable as a symbol of unity belonging, and they are worn with pride and honour. Members of the uniformed public services, by the very fact of wearing uniform, show that they are proud to belong to that service and they are conforming to the norms and traditions of that service. Not all members of the uniformed public services are obedient because of the fear of punishment, though it is certainly a deterrent against misconduct. Members of the unformed public services are proud; they are proud of their service and teams and any disobedience could harm their team performance and their acceptance by the team, as well as damaging their self-respect. Reward is a factor in obedience and is relevant in the uniformed public services because members receive promotion, good conduct medals and some are rewarded with medal of honour for acts of bravery. However, in the uniformed public services, reward comes from the fact that members are satisfied that they are doing a good job and if they fail to be obedient then that feeling of satisfaction would no longer be present. Harcourt Education Ltd Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. [3]

4 Unit 5: Understanding discipline within the uniformed public services BTEC National Uniformed Public Services Love for the service, the team and for the job they do goes a long way to ensuring members of the uniformed public services are obedient. Loving something, such as a career in the uniformed public services, means that you want to be obedient so that you can play your part in the service of your choice. Respect is an influence of obedience because if a member did something, say, took a bribe, then they bring shame upon themselves and their colleagues. Respect means to treat someone as you, yourself, would like to be treated. Furthermore, respect for those of a senior rank is an influencing factor because without it there would be no efficient hierarchy of authority. Furthermore, if members cannot show respect, then there is little chance of being promoted, which in itself is a way of ensuring obedience. Sample answer for M3 Asch s study is a very good example of how people conform with the actions of others, even though they know that what others say or do is not necessarily right. This could be applied to the uniformed public services in several ways. Firstly, there was an incident in the Gulf conflict in which Iraqi Prisoners of War were humiliated by American soldiers. While all the soldiers involved were disciplined, it could have been the case that some of them conformed because they did not want to feel left out. That is to say, they wanted to feel as though they were part of the group and needed to feel that they were accepted. If this were the case, it may have been because their self-esteem was low because they were a long way from home and were missing their families. The truth will never be known because to tell the truth would mean breaking away from the group and no longer wishing to be accepted. This case could be applied to the Metropolitan Police Service after it was branded as being institutionally racist in a report following the Stephen Lawrence Enquiry, and there are other cases where members of the uniformed public services have been bullied because they have not complied with the behaviour of the group (several cases on Internet). Hofling s study was really a good example of blind obedience (note to tutor: this case Ssudy could be used towards D2), though it did show both conformity and obedience. was shown because the nurses wanted to comply and show that they were part of the medical team, and obedience because they were following the orders of a figure of authority. It is difficult to find an equivalent act within the uniformed public services, though a good example is the My Lai Massacre during the conflict with Vietnam and the USA. Captain William Calley led Charlie Company into a village and ordered the massacre of innocent people, claiming he was only carrying out orders. The study could also be applied, but in a lesser degree, to the case of the abused Iraqi prisoners mentioned earlier; that is, assuming that there was an element of conformity. [4] Harcourt Education Ltd Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free.

5 BTEC National Uniformed Public Services Unit 5: Understanding discipline within the uniformed public services Milgram s study showed more obedience that conformity in that there was no group or peer pressure; the instruction came from someone whom the participant regarded as a figure of authority. However, this could, again, be applied to the case of the Iraqi prisoners, as well as the My Lai Massacre, especially if one assumes that more senior ranks were giving instruction. There have also been recent cases at Deepcut barracks in Surrey where bullying of new recruits has taken place ( as well as bullying by a sergeant in the army, at the same barracks, who has since been dismissed ( The police are investigating a series of systematic bullying at the barracks and the full details are not known at this time. However, Milgram s study could be classed as a case of systematic bullying. A PowerPoint presentation has been compiled as a guide through the section on and. Harcourt Education Ltd Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. [5]