Experimental Design (XPD) 2017 Rules: B/C Division
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1 Experimental Design (XPD) 2017 Rules: B/C Division
2 XPD Statement of Problem Hypothesis Variables Independent Variable (IV) Dependent Variable (DV) Controlled Variables (CV) Experimental Control Materials
3 XPD Procedure Qualitative Observation Quantitative Data Graphs Statistics Analysis of Results Experimental Errors
4 XPD Conclusions Recommendations for Future Research
5 Statement of Problem (4 pts) Concise statement or question, not a YES or NO question. Defines the relationship you want to study. Must be testable with materials provided.
6 Hypothesis (8 pts) If the [IV] [increases/decreases] then the [DV] will [increase/decrease/stay the same.] Must include both IV and DV Must take a stand and make a prediction. Must include a rationale for your prediction. [NEW] Include prior knowledge that contributed to the hypothesis.
7 Independent Variable (6 pts) Independent Variable The variable YOU are in control of, the one you manipulate intentionally. Must be operationally defined. Include Units of Measurement Include how the measurement is made. Must include a minimum of 3 levels of the IV.
8 Dependent Variable (6 pts) Dependent Variable The variable that is the outcome of the experiment, the one you measure as a result of your changing the IV. Must be operationally defined. Include units of measurement and how the measurement is made, if appropriate. Make an odd number (3, 5, 7, etc.) of measurements for each level of the IV.
9 Controlled Variables (8 pts) Controlled Variables Factors that could be IVs but are purposely held constant. Factors that have a fixed value in the experiment. Minimum of 4 listed.
10 Experimental Control (4 pts) Experimental Control or Standard of Comparison. Used to detect hidden variables Can be zero treatment, a level of IV, or and outside treatment. Is specific to the experiment Must include a rationale.
11 Materials (6 pts) In a list separate from procedure. List ONLY materials used, no extras. If using specialized equipment, include brand name, model number, and serial number. ie, digital caliper, triple-beam balance, electronic balance.
12 Procedure (12 pts) Complete list of experimental steps. Sufficient detail to exactly reproduce the experiment. Can use,... then repeat steps Include 3, useful, diagrams. Repeat measurements for each level of the IV.
13 Qualitative Observations (8 pts) Descriptive observations throughout the experiment. Note any irregularities in procedure. Note extra observations that don t relate to the DV or other data.
14 Quantitative Data (10 pts/12 pts) Each table must have a title, be neat and organized. [C-Division Only] Must use correct significant figures. Include all raw data. Data Table, displays all quantitative data collected. Summary Data Table, includes most important data. Calculated values should have own column. Tables should have appropriate titles.
15 Graphs (10 pts) Appropriate type of graph used. Include: Graph title (y-axis vs. x-axis) Axes labeled properly Units of measurement included Appropriate scale of axes
16 Statistics (6 pts) Measures of Central Tendency mean, median, mode Measures of Variation range, standard deviation frequency table, histogram regression line - line of best fit percent error
17 Statistics - Mean Mean = Sum of all measurements divided by the number of measurements.
18 Statistics - Median Median = The middle value of the data set when numbers are organized from least to greatest. If n=odd, Median = middle number. if n=even, Median = average of middle two numbers.
19 Statistics - Mode Mode = most frequently occurring number in a data set. If numbers have the same frequency there is no Mode. Be sure to explicitly state, The mode cannot be determined because all measurements are unique.
20 Statistics - Range Range = The maximum value minus the minimum value of the data set.
21 Statistics - Standard Deviation Standard Deviation is a measure of how closely numbers are arranged around the Mean.
22 Statistics - Standard Deviation Formula
23 Statistics - Standard Deviation Rule ~68% of the data falls within +/- 1σ ~95% of the data falls within +/- 2σ ~99.7% of the data falls within +/- 3σ
24 Statistics - Confidence Interval 95% Confidence Interval 95% CI = (Mean or Median) +/- (0.5)*Range 99% Confidence Interval 99% CI = (Mean or Median) +/- (0.75)*Range Use median with 3 measurements, use mean with 4+ measurements. Measurements outside the CI are outliers and should be discarded.
25 Statistics - other Frequency Table Expression of variability for Qualitative Data. Histogram Pictorial representation of a Frequency Table. Regression Line Best Fit Line showing nature of data trend Percent Error Proximity of experimental to expected value
26 Analysis/Interpretation (8 pts) Explanation of data, trends found, relevant statistics. Discussion and explanation of meaning. Discussion of data and significance. Discussion of which data should be retained or discarded. Do NOT just restate data, actually discuss.
27 Possible Experimental Errors (6 pts) Separate from analysis section. Experimenter Error - Known errors in execution of procedure. Random Error - Errors caused by inaccurate measurement tools, may make numbers higher or lower. Systematic Error - Errors caused by faulty equipment, may make numbers either all higher or all lower.
28 Conclusion (8 pts) One paragraph summary stating purpose, major findings, and explanation of findings. Restate and evaluate hypothesis in light of data and statistics. Accept or reject hypothesis based on data. Do NOT include lots of numbers.
29 Application/Future Use (8 pts) Include a minimum of one improvement specific to your experiment. Discuss other possible experiments that could examine the same hypothesis. Include a minimum of one suggestion for a future experiment. Include at least one practical application.
30 Final Recommendations Know scoring rubric forward and backwards. Practice, practice, practice. Scores are generally very high, attention to the smallest detail can move you into the medals.
31 Coaches Files This presentation Graphing Guide Example prompt
32 Event Supervisor Recommendations 3b) The event supervisor MUST assign a question/topic that determines the nature of the experiment. Get help Make sure grading is consistent Each spot on the rubric is 2 points 118 pts. B-Div / 120 pts. C-Div
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