Quantitative measurements of sleepiness

Transcription

1 Quantitative measurements of sleepiness Väsymyksen kvantitatiiviset mittausmenetelmät Pia Forsman, PhD Department of Physics University of Helsinki

2 Week LECTURE, Pia, D104 Tue, 12:15-14: Safety, health Measurements Performance testing Physiologic testing Driving performance Recap + case study LECTURE, Pia, D104 Wed, 14:15-16: Sleep Factors in sleepiness 21.1 Measurements (cont) Subjective tests 28.1 Performance testing (cont) 4.2 Physiologic testing (cont) 11.2 Driving performance (cont) 18.2 Case study (cont) EXERCISE, Aino, D104 Wed, 16:15-18: PVT 28.1 WiiFit 4.2 EEG 11.2 HRV 18.2 VOG PASS = 10 lectures + 4 exercises = 5 CREDITS

3 Factors in sleepiness Circadian rhythm Homeostatic sleep drive Sleep inertia Time on task Acute & cumulative Confounders Achemann et al. Frontiers in Bioscience 2003;8: Inter-individual differences Task-specificity Prior sleep Age Light, sound, temperature, food, countermeasure

4 Circadian rhythm (1/4)

5 Circadian rhythm (2/4) N=13 N=11 28-hour forced desynchrony protocol Each subject s estimated intrinsic circadian period is reported as the average of the estimated periods from his or her core body temperature, melatonin, and cortisol rhythms Czeisler et al. Science 1999;25;284(5423):

6 Circadian rhythm (3/4) Alert Sleepy 1 4 Alert Sleepy Wyatt et al American Journal of Physiology 1999;277: 4, R1152-R1163 Goel et al Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2013;119:155-90

7 Circadian rhythm (4/4) Goel et al Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2013;119:155-90

8 Homeostasis (1/3) Sleep pressure Homeostatic sleep drive (alerting) Circadian rhythm exp(- T) + A sin(2 t/24) normal nap sleep deprivation ξ = initial homeostatic level, =homeostatic buildup rate T =time awake A = circadian amplitude t =clock time relative to midnight Borbely, Hum Neurobiol 1982;1(3):

9 NREM Homeostasis (2/3) polysomnogram SWS Achremann et al. Frontiers in Bioscience 2003;8:

10 Homeostasis (3/3) Amylase can be used as a marker in humans. Amylase activity is increased in saliva samples taken from normal healthy humans after 28 h of enforced waking (n =9; P=0.05) Individual differences. Amylase activity was increased in five of nine subjects after 28 h of waking. Seugnet et al PNAS 2006;103:52, Michael et al J Clin Sleep Med 2013;9(12):

11 Sleep inertia 1, 21, 41, 61, and 120 minutes after EEG-verified awakening Wertz et al JAMA 2006;295:2,163

12 Time on task (1/2) 8 sessions 12 sessions 12 sessions 12 sessions Minutes into session N=13 Goel et al Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2013;119: Gunzelmann et al Cognitive fatigue: Multidisciplinary perspectives on current research and future application 2010: 83-96

13 Time on task (2/2) Åkerstedt et al J Sleep Res 2010;19:

14 Acute and cumulative sleep loss (1/3) * Sleep need vs reported sleep? N=15 Wehr et al Am J Physiol 1993;265:R846-R857

15 Performance Better Worse Acute and cumulative sleep loss (2/3) sleep doses 0 h sleep/night, Acute, n=13 4 h sleep/night, Cumulative, n=13 6 h sleep/night, Cumulative, n=13 8 h sleep/night, Cumulative, n=9 n=16 n=16 n=16 n=18 Van Dongen et al. SLEEP 2003;2: Belenky et al. J Sleep Res 2003;12:1 12

16 Performance Better Worse Acute and cumulative sleep loss (3/3) * Recovery sleep 3 h sleep/night 5 h sleep/night 7 h sleep/night 9 h sleep/night Belenky et al. J Sleep Res 2003;12:1-12

17 Interindividual differences (1/2) * labratory responses during 1 st sleep deprivation,after 7 days of sleep extension responses during 2 nd sleep deprivation, after 7 days of sleep extension responses during 3 rd sleep deprivation, after 7 days of sleep restriction N=21 Van Dongen et al. SLEEP 2004;27(3):

18 Interindividual differences (2/2) * field study Each data point is the average of all highway segments during the night shift. Driver IDs on x-axis are sorted in ascending order according to the driver's data on y-axis. = between-subjects variance = within-subjects variance Repeatability: slight= , fair= , moderate= , substantial= , almost perfect= Maconi et al

19 Task-specificity Goel et al Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2013;119: Van Dongen et al. SLEEP 2004;27(3):

20 Age Philip et al J Sleep Res 2004;13: