Pepsin Chief Cells of Stomach Protein (albumin) Lipase Pancreas (pancreatine) Fats (Cream)
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2 Enzyme Source Substraight Reaction ph Pepsin Chief Cells of Stomach Protein (albumin) Pepsin Albumin Amino Acids Enzyme Source Substraight Reaction ph Lipase Pancreas (pancreatine) Fats (Cream) Lipase Fats Fatty Acids
3 Tube # Temp. of Water Bath Change in ph (Color) Expalntaion of Results 1 40 O C red Body temp. = faster reaction of fats to fatty acids 2 0 O C purple Cold environment = slow reaction of fats to fatty acids
4 Pancreatic Digestion of Fat Which test tube indicates an acidic environment? Remember. when the cream and lipase (pancreatin) are at body temperature (40 o C), the reactions is faster than at freezing; therefore, the fats turn into fatty acids faster, turning the litmus ph indicator from purple to red.
5 Pancreatic Digestion of Fat Which test tube indicates an basic/alkaline environment? In which test tube would the enzyme Pepsin work best? 2 In which test tube would the enzyme Pancreatin work best? 1 Which test tube indicates an acidic environment? 2 Remember. Litmus ph indicator turns red in acid and turns purple in base.
6 Tube # Contents of Tube ph Digestion Evident Explanation of Results 1 Pepsin & H 2 O 6 No Too Basic 2 Pepsin & Na 2 CO 3 11 No Too Basic 3 Pepsin & HCL 2 Yes Perfect Environment (duplicates stomach environment) 4 H 2 0 & Na 2 CO 3 11 No No Enzyme & too Basic 5 H 2 O & HCl 1 No No Enzyme & Too Acidic 6 Boiled Enzyme & HCl 2 No Denatured Enzyme
7 Protein Digestion Which test tube shows digestion of proteins? 2 (no egg albumin left) What was present in test tube #2 to help with digestion? correct temp., correct ph, correct enzyme 1 2
8 Midsagittal Head Model 3-54 Nasal Cavity Sphenoidal Sinus Middle Nasal Concha Internal Nares Eustachian Tube Opening Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx
9 Midsagittal Head Model 3-54 Frontal Sinus Superior Nasal Concha Inferior Nasal Concha Vestibule External Nares Hard Palate Soft Palate Uvula
10 Model 3-25 Lateral View Hyoid Bone Thyroid Membrane Thyroid Cartilage Cricoid Cartilage Trachea
11 Hyoid Bone Model 3-25 Sagittal View Epiglottic Cartilage Thyroid Membrane False Vocal Cords Epiglottis Thyroid Cartilage True Vocal Cords Cricoid Cartilage
12 Model 3-25 Posterior View Epiglottis Arytenoid Cartilage Cricoid Cartilage Trachea
13 Larynx Model Model 3-62 (Anterior View) Epiglottic Cartilage (Epiglottis) Hyoid Bone Thyroid Membrane Thyroid Cartilage Cricoid Cartilage Trachea
14 Larynx Model Model 3-62 (Posterior View) Hyoid Bone Epiglottic Cartilage (Epiglottis) Thyroid Membrane Thyroid Cartilage Arytenoid Cartilage Cricoid Cartilage
15 Larynx Model Model 3-62 (Superior View) Epiglottic Cartilage (epiglottis) Hyoid Bone True Vocal Cords (White)
16 Model 3-25 (Anterior View) Trachea Bronchus=Singular Bronchi=Plural Rt. & Lt. Primary Bronchi Secondary Bronchi Secondary Bronchi Tertiary Bronchi Tertiary Bronchi
17 Alveolus Model Model 3-24 (Posterior View) Bronchus Pulmonary Vein (red) Pulmonary Artery (blue) Bronchiole Alveolar Ducts Alveolus Alveolar Sac Alveolus = Singular Alveoli = Plural Capillary Network around alveolus
18 Alveolus Model Model 3-24 (Anterior View) Bronchus Pulmonary Vein (red) Pulmonary Artery (blue) Alveoli Capillary Network around alveolus
19 Lungs Anterior View Horizontal Fissure Left Superior Lobe Right Superior Lobe Right Middle Lobe Right Inferior Lobe Left Inferior Lobe Oblique Fissure Oblique Fissure
20 Lungs Models Model 3-44 Anterior View Horizontal Fissure Left Superior Lobe Right Superior Lobe Right Middle Lobe Oblique Fissure Right Inferior Lobe Left Inferior Lobe Oblique Fissure
21 Lungs Models Model 3-58 Anterior View Horizontal Fissure Left Superior Lobe Right Superior Lobe Right Middle Lobe Oblique Fissure Right Inferior Lobe Left Inferior Lobe Oblique Fissure
22 Smaller Lumen No Cartilage in Walls Tertiary Bronchus Bronchioles Large Lumen Cartilage in Wall
23 Find Vital Capacity! TV = 450 VC = TV+IRV+ERV IRV = 2900 VC= ERV= 1100 VC= 4450 Find Tidal Volume! TV= VC-(IRV+ERV) TV= 3800-( ) TV= 600 Find Inspiratory Reserve Volume! IRV= VC-(ERV+TV) IRV = 4200-( ) IRV = 2525 Find Expiratory Reserve Volume! ERV= VC-(IRV+TV) ERV=4650-( ) ERV= 1150 VC = 3800 IRV = 2200 ERV= 1000 RV= 1150 VC = 4200 TV = 475 ERV= 1200 VC = 4650 TV = 500 IRV= 3000 RV= 1200
24 Respirometer Tracing 4 Inspiratory Reserve Volume Vital Capacity 1 3 Tidal Volume 2 Total Lung Capacity 5 Expiratory Reserve Volume 6 Residual Volume
25 RESPIROMETER Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) 1200mL Tidal Volume (TV) 500mL Name this lung volume Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV) 3000mL Vital Capacity (VC) 4500mL
26 What muscles are used during normal inspiration? External Intercostals & Diaphragm What muscles are used during forced inspiration? Scalenes, Pectoralis Minor, & Sternocleidomastoid What muscles are used during normal expiration? None, the chest relaxes by elastic recoil What muscles are used during forced expiration? Abdominal Muscles & Internal Intercostals
27 Which pattern shows someone holding their breath? C A Which pattern shows someone that has done strenuous exercise? B B Which pattern shows someone reading aloud? A C
28 Witherspoon Tape Chemical and neural control of blood pressure and breathing. Why was soda lime added to the container? To remove CO 2 exhaled by the subject How did breathing patterns respond to lack of O 2? It increases in depth How did HR and BP respond to lack of O 2? HR increased & BP Increased Why was the soda lime taken out of the container? So CO 2 would accumulate What is the effect of excess CO 2 on breathing patterns? It become deeper as CO 2 builds up Why was there a change in BP as CO 2 builds up? CO 2 causes vasoconstriction of most BVs What type of control mechanism caused a change in HR and ventilation immediately upon beginning the pedaling activity? Neural control from the brain What was the purpose of preventing the movement of blood to and from the legs by placing cuffs on them? To trap the chemical by-products of exercise in the blood in the legs
29 Chemical and neural control of blood pressure and breathing. Normal Blood Pressure Normal Breathing Normal Heart Rate
30 Blood Pressure Rises Breathing Gets Deeper CO 2 is removed; shows effect of a lack of O 2 (anoxia) Heart Rate Increases
31 Breathing Gets Deeper CO 2 levels increase Little change in Heart Rate
32 Breathing Gets Deeper Still Still Little Change in Heart Rate
33 Blood Pressure Channel is Turned Off. Breathing Increases Heart Rate Increases Quickly Because of Neural Influences. (Anxiety, Anticipation, Nervousness, etc.)
34 Blood Pressure Channel is Turned Off. Breathing Gets Deeper Still Increase in Heart Rate is Caused by Chemical Influences (Oxygen Debt, Carbon Dioxide, Lactic Acid, etc.) Heart rate Decreases Quickly! Why? (next page for answer) Traps Chemicals of Exercise in Legs
35 Breathing Decreases Quickly as Well Breathing Gets Deeper. Chemicals of Exercise are Still Trapped in Legs Now Trapped Chemicals Begin to Circulate to the Medulla so. Heart Rate Increases
36 Channel Off. Channel Off. Normal Breathing Breathing Gets Deeper Hering-Breuer Reflex
37 Channel Off. Channel Off. Breathing Gets Deeper Still.
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2. List seven functions performed by the respiratory system?
The Respiratory System C23 Study Guide Tortora and Derrickson 1. In physiology we recognize that the word respiration has three meanings. What are the three different meanings of the word respiration as
THE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
42790_01_ch01_001-052.qxd 7/6/07 12:23 PM Page 1 CHAPTER ONE THE ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM O B J E C T I V E S By the end of this chapter, the student should be able to: 1. List