Travel Time Reliability Summary

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1 7 Travel Time Reliability Summary RETHINKING I-94

2 APPENDIX T7 TRAVEL TIME RELIABILITY SUMMARY Background Since 2016, MnDOT has been working with neighborhoods, community groups, district councils, local governments and others interested in the future of I-94 between St. Paul and Minneapolis to plan for transportation changes on and along the freeway. This effort is known as Rethinking I-94. The work described in this technical memorandum was conducted as part of the initial phase of Rethinking I-94, which was completed between 2016 and Introduction This memorandum documents the methodology and results of the travel time reliability analysis conducted for Rethinking I-94 between W. Broadway Avenue and White Bear Avenue (slightly beyond the TH 61 endpoint otherwise used for Rethinking I-94). The reliability analysis contained within this document used 2015 historical data and traffic data. Reliability is an area of transportation evaluation that considers the variability in travel times that occur due to weather, crashes, and other non-recurring conditions. Understanding these effects for managed lanes is particularly important since these facilities are intended to provide free-flow travel for transit, carpools, and single-occupant vehicles willing to pay a congestion-sensitive toll. Communicating reliability findings to stakeholders is also critical in demonstrating the long-term value of transportation investments. Data Sources For the purposes of the reliability analysis, the I-94 corridor was broken into 14 segments, seven in each direction (see Figure 1). Approximate segment termini are given in Table 1. Data for the analysis came from a variety of public agency repositories. Travel time and volume data were extracted using both MnDOT s Data Extract tool and the Traffic Information and Condition Analysis System (TICAS) from MnDOT s loop detector system. Weather and precipitation data was obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and Minnesota Department of Public Safety (DPS) crash records were accessed through the Minnesota Crash Mapping Analysis Tool (MnCMAT). Roadwork and incident history was obtained through the Incident Recording Information System (IRIS). Appendix T7 1

FIGURE 1 I-94 CORR IDOR SEGMENTS TABLE 1 I-94 CORRIDOR RE LIABILITY SEGMENTS Eastbound I - 94 Segment 1 Broadway Ave to I-394 Segment 2 I-394 to I-35 W Segment 3 I-35 W to MN 280 Segment 4 MN 280 to

3 FIGURE 1 I-94 CORR IDOR SEGMENTS TABLE 1 I-94 CORRIDOR RE LIABILITY SEGMENTS Eastbound I - 94 Segment 1 Broadway Ave to I-394 Segment 2 I-394 to I-35 W Segment 3 I-35 W to MN 280 Segment 4 MN 280 to Lexington Pkwy Segment 5 Lexington Pkwy to I-35 E Segment 6 I-35 E to Mounds Blvd Segment 7 Mounds Blvd to White Bear Ave A cursory review of the study area was completed to create an understanding of weather, crashes, and incidents to ensure that the nonrecurring conditions data aligned with expectations. Visualizing the data in graphs can help build a better understanding of how nonrecurring conditions potentially influences the corridor. High level characterizations of nonrecurring conditions are outlined below. Appendix T7 2

WEATHER To better understand the influence of weather on the I-94 corridor, the duration of rain and snow events in 2015 were plotted for each month of the year (see Figure 1).

May has the longest duration of weather events, with nearly 60 hours of rainfall during the month This should be considered when reviewing travel time information for individual segments.

4 WEATHER To better understand the influence of weather on the I-94 corridor, the duration of rain and snow events in 2015 were plotted for each month of the year (see Figure 1). As expected, snow events only occur October through April and rain events occur between March and December. May has the longest duration of weather events, with nearly 60 hours of rainfall during the month This should be considered when reviewing travel time information for individual segments. Further discussion and illustration of weather events and how they impact reliability on a specific segment are included in the segmentspecific graphics in the methodology section and Attachment 1. FIGURE 1. WEATHER DURATION CRASHES To better understand crash events, the crash counts were plotted for all 14 segments. As shown in Figure 2, the I-94 corridor segments between I-394 and MN 280 experience more than double the crashes compared to the other segments in the corridor. Additional consideration should be given to these segments when developing design alternatives to ensure that these crash issues are addressed. Detailed information about how crash events impact reliability can be found in the segment-specific reliability reports in the methodology section and Attachment 1. Appendix T7 3

5 FIGURE 2. I-94 CORRIDOR SEG MENT CRASH DATA INCIDENTS In the context of reliability, incidents are roadway impedances that are not associated with a crash. Examples of incidents include debris on the road, a car stalled on the shoulder, a car fire, an animal on road, and other similar situations. Like crashes, incident counts were also plotted by segment and direction (Figure 3). The number of incidents in each segment was less than the number of crashes (about one-third the total) and the directional imbalance of incidents was even more pronounced between the eastbound and westbound directions. The segment of I-94 from I-35W to MN 280 had the highest number of incidents, but I-394 to I-35W was the highest-ranking crash segment. Appendix T7 4

FIGURE 3. I-94 SEGMENT INCI DENT DATA Methodology To fully understand the 2015 travel time reliability, one year of travel time data along the project corridor was collected for 2015.

6 FIGURE 3. I-94 SEGMENT INCI DENT DATA Methodology To fully understand the 2015 travel time reliability, one year of travel time data along the project corridor was collected for In addition, weather and crash data were obtained and integrated with travel time data for 2015 to isolate the effects of these factors. The reliability analysis was summarized using a combination of quantitative and visualization outputs to illustrate the variability of travel times for each corridor segment and overall directional segment (all eastbound and all westbound). An example and description of each type of reliability analysis output is given below using Segment 1 as an example. The reliability analysis results for all segments are included in Attachment 1. The sub sections that follow introduce each of the graphics and the information contained within them. RELIABILITY REPORTS The reliability reports start with the calculation of all travel time reliability indices under normal, crash, weather, incident, roadwork, and overlap conditions. These metrics can be used to compare segments to each other based on the type of nonrecurring condition that most impacts them. An example is given in Table 2. Appendix T7 5

7 TABLE 2. EXAMPLE RELIABILIT Y REPORT FOR SEGMENT 1 Reliability indices such as Travel Time Index (TTI), Buffer Index (BI), Planning Time Index (PTI) and others were calculated for each segment and a reliability report was generated. A description of each measure is provided below: The Travel Time Index (TTI) is the ratio of the observed travel time to the travel time under freeflow conditions. The Buffer Index represents the extra buffer time that travelers must add to their average travel time when planning trips to ensure on time arrival 95 percent of the time. On-Time Performance indicates the percentage of trips that arrive under certain conditions with a travel time no greater than 33 percent of free flow. Reliability Rating indicates the percentage of trips that arrive under certain conditions with a travel time no greater than 25 percent of free flow. Planning Time Index represents the amount of time a traveler should allow to ensure on-time arrival 95 percent of the time. A value of 1.8, for example, indicates a 20-minute free-flow trip requires 36 minutes during the worst peak period. 80th Percentile TTI and Misery Index are various indices of TTI. Respectively, these measures report the 80th percentile and 97.5th percentile travel time and compute a ratio (multiplier) compared to free flow travel time. These indices can be thought of as days. For example, PTI reports the travel time required to arrive on time 95 percent of time, or late five percent of the time. If we assume four weeks per month, with five commute days per week, those 20 days roughly converts to a typical commuter month and being late five percent of the time equates to one commute day per month. Appendix T7 6

8 TRAVEL TIME HEAT MAPS Figure 4 displays an example travel time index (TTI) heat map for segment 1 (eastbound I-94 from Broadway Avenue to I-394). The heat map visually displays the TTI for each 15-minute interval during the day for Often, as shown in this example heat map, the highest TTIs are observed in weekday AM and PM peak periods. FIGURE 4. SEGMENT 1 TRAVEL T IME INDEX (TTI) HEAT MAP Appendix T7 7

9 VMT HEAT MAPS The vehicle miles traveled (VMT) heat map (Figure 5) displays the vehicle miles traveled value throughout the entire year. This data was obtained using measured traffic volumes and segment length. This graphic is similar to the TTI heat map but references vehicles and segment length instead of speed and segment length. The VMT heat map can be used to determine the number of users on a segment throughout the day and over the course of a year, making it easier to identify seasonal trends and recreational peaks, as well as potential diversions created by adjacent arterial roadwork. FIGURE 5. EXAMPLE VEHICLE M ILES TRAVELED HEAT M AP Appendix T7 8

10 TRAVEL TIME -VMT- DELAY GRAPH A travel time-vmt-delay graph displays average VMT, travel time, and delay changes for each hour of the day over a course of a year. An example VMT delay graph is shown in Figure 6. In this example, we can see that VMT remain consistent between 6 a.m. to 5 p.m., but delay spikes during the peak travel periods. FIGURE 6. SEGMENT 1 VMT DELA Y GRAPH Appendix T7 9

11 DELAY BY CATEGORIES Figure 7 displays the percentage of total delay for each nonrecurring condition and provides the associated order of magnitude in the bar chart below. For this sample segment, there is a large amount of recurring delay (caused by high demands) compared to nonrecurring factors. The contribution of each nonrecurring congestion type and the overall order of magnitude for delay will vary from segment to segment. In some instances, delay from one nonrecurring condition in a segment will be higher than total delay in another segment. FIGURE 7. SEGMENT 1 DELAY BY CATEGORY Appendix T7 10

12 TRAVEL TIME THERMOMETERS The travel time thermometer (Figure 8) displays the 2.5 percentile (Rank 1) to 97.5 (Rank 20) percentile travel time for peak periods of different durations for the entire years worth of data. Both three-hour peak periods and five-hour peak periods were developed for each segment as some segments experience high travel times for the entirety of the three-hour peak. Expanding to include the hour before and after allows the shoulder hours to also be inspected. The 20 individual recordings can be thought of as a commute to work over a month (five work days, four weeks per month). The thermometer shows a distinct color to represent the variability of travel time. If all thermometers are showing similar colors with little variation, it means that the segment has reliable travel times. A high variety of color indicates more variability in travel time and signifies a less reliable segment. A thermometer having a significant portion represented by a dark color (red or worse) would be considered a reliably bad corridor. FIGURE 8. SEGMENT 1 TRAVEL T IME THERMOMETER Appendix T7 11

13 Segment Reliability Analysis and Findings A review of travel time reliability metrics across all segments was completed to identify reliability issues and trends to inform the concept development process. Figure 11 shows the corridor segments again for reference to the summary tables that follow. FIGURE 9. I-94 CORRIDOR SEGMENT S TRAVEL TIME REVIEW Table 3 contains an aggregation of the segment thermometer plots for all segments in the study area. The table reports the 50th percentile travel time and 50th percentile TTI for each segment. The TTI measure can be used to normalize each segment to remove the influence that length plays in the computation of travel time. These measures can be used to give a general estimate of what the average travel condition is during each peak period. A range of TTI values is also reported for each corridor segment, indicating the potential range of travel times on that segment. It should be noted that while a large range can indicate a large amount of unreliability, it may also indicate that higher travel times do not frequently occur. For this reason, it is helpful to look at the standard deviation and percent travel time over 45 mph columns, which give more insight into how often higher travel time conditions occur. Appendix T7 12

14 TABLE 3. SUMMARY OF TRAVEL TIME THERMOMETERS BY SEGMENT AM Peak Period (6:00 to 9:00) PM Peak Period (3:00 to 6:00) Free Flow TTI TTI 50th 50th Standard Percent 50th 50th Standard Study TT Range Range Percentile Percentile Deviation TT over Percentile Percentile Deviation Segment (min) (Max - (Max - TT TTI TT 45 mph TT TTI TT Min) Min) Percent TT over 45 mph Eastbound Segments Westbound Segments Notes: TT = Travel Time, TTI = Travel Time Index, FFTT = Free Flow Travel Time Highlights for each peak period are outlined below. AM Peak Period During the AM peak period, segment 1 maintains the highest 50th percentile TTI, with the average travel time taking nearly double what it would under free flow conditions. The TTI range for this segment is also in the top two for all segments, indicating a high amount of variability, which is further reinforced by the high standard deviation and low percentage of time spent traveling over 45 mph. In the westbound direction during the AM peak period, segments 8-10 have high TTI ranges and standard deviations. Segment 8 has the highest TTI range and standard deviation during the AM peak. Also, while segment 13 is outside of the top four in most categories, it only has travel times with speeds higher than 45 mph 55 percent of the time, making it the second worse during the AM peak period. This can indicate high variability with only moderate (less extreme) severity. Appendix T7 13

15 PM Peak Period During the PM peak period, segments 1, 5, 12, and 13 have 50th percentile TTIs near or above 2.0. Segments 1, 3, 5, and 12 all have high TTI ranges and standard deviations. Segment 12 has the highest TTI range of all segments across both peaks, with TTIs varying by a factor of almost five. This segment also only operates at speeds greater than 45 mph five percent of the time. These two factors in combination indicate that this segment can be considered unreliable, with the large and consistent variation in travel time. Segments 1, 2, 5, and 12 also have speeds greater than 45 mph less than 50 percent of the time during the PM peak period. Delay by Condition Table 4 contains an aggregation of the segment delay by condition for all segments that cover the study area. This table can help explain the causes of delay for each segment. Eastbound Segments Westbound Segments TABLE 4. SUMMARY OF TRAVEL TIME THERMOMETERS BY SEGMENT Corridor Segment Normal Conditions Hours of annual delay % Crash Conditions Hours of annual delay % Weather Conditions Hours of annual delay % Incident Conditions Hours of annual delay % Roadwork Conditions Hours of annual delay % Overlap Hours of annual delay % Total Hours of annual delay 1 146,200 87% 7,700 5% 11,800 7% 900 1% 0 0% 1,200 1% 167, ,300 80% 21,200 10% 14,100 7% 3,600 2% 800 0% 2,500 1% 210, ,900 72% 14,100 18% 6,200 8% 1,500 2% 0 0% 0 0% 78, ,600 72% 9,900 8% 8,800 7% 1,000 1% 11,300 9% 3,300 3% 122, ,100 83% 10,600 7% 11,800 8% 2,100 1% 300 0% 1,700 1% 156, ,400 78% 3,700 9% 4,000 10% 200 0% 400 1% 700 2% 41, ,600 57% % % 0 0% 0 0% 200 7% 2, ,000 79% 4,800 7% 7,600 11% 200 0% 1,900 3% 200 0% 71, ,000 78% 4,400 5% 6,000 7% 400 0% 5,700 7% 1,300 2% 81, ,200 79% 3,800 8% 3,300 7% 400 1% 2,300 5% 600 1% 48, ,800 70% 6,300 12% 4,300 8% 700 1% 2,700 5% 1,900 4% 53, ,500 76% 36,700 13% 20,600 7% 7,900 3% 0 0% 3,800 1% 290, ,000 80% 34,500 10% 20,500 6% 4,900 1% 2,200 1% 5,800 2% 333, ,300 62% 100 3% % % 0 0% 0 0% 3,700 Appendix T7 14

16 Crash conditions contribute between five and 18 percent of a segment s delay, and weather conditions contribute between seven and 27 percent. It should be noted that these nonrecurring factors are a more significant contributing factor on segments that have less overall delay. So, segments that typically operate well under recurring conditions need an additional contributing factor like weather to develop travel time delays. Segments 12 and 13 have the most total hours of delay, with 290,500 and 333,900 hours of delay per year, respectively. These segments are adjacent and travel in the westbound direction. It is likely that segment 13 contributes to the segment 12 delay because congestion is queuing back into segment 12. In the eastbound direction, segments 1, 2, 4, and 5 all have over 100,000 hours of annual delay, while segment 2 exceeds 200,000. Overall, segments 12 and 13 experience more delay from nonrecurring conditions than the recurring delay experienced by seven other segments. This signifies a significant area of opportunity to improve conditions in these locations to help limit crashes or improve geometry and merge conditions that lead to crashes. Summary Findings I-94 EASTBOUND SEGMENTS Segment 1 has the highest 50th percentile TTI during the AM peak period and second highest during the PM peak period in the eastbound direction. Segment 5 has the highest 50th percentile TTI of any eastbound segment during either peak. Segments 1, 2, and 5 have travel speeds higher than 45 mph less than half the time during the PM peak period. Segment 1 also has travel speeds higher than 45 mph less than half the time during the AM peak period. Segments 1, 2, 4, and 5 have more than 100,000 hours of annual delay. Segment 2 has more than 200,000. Most delay in the highest delay segments is associated with recurring conditions. Segment 2 has the highest amount of nonrecurring delay, with over 40,000 hours. Over half of this is from crash conditions. Appendix T7 15

17 I-94 WESTBOUND SEGMENTS Segment 8 has the highest TTI range and standard deviation during the AM peak period. Segments 12 and 13 have the highest total annual delay, near or over 300,000 hours annually. Segments 12 and 13 have more nonrecurring delay than seven other segments have recurring delay. The primary contributor to the nonrecurring delay is from crashes. Segment 12 has a TTI range up to five times free flow travel time. Segments 12 and 13 have travel speeds higher than 45 mph less than half the time during the PM peak period. Segments 8 and 9 have travel speeds greater than 45 mph 50 percent and 55 percent of the time during the AM peak. Prepared by: SRF Consulting Group, Inc. Appendix T7 16

18 ATTACHMENT 1 Appendix T7 17

19 I-94 Reliability Report for Segment 1 Segment E94_1 L ngth (mil s) Sp d Limit (mph) 55 FFS (mph) 63 FFTT (min) Numb r of Lan s Corridor AADT Categories Reliability Measure Calculation Overall one ( ormal Conditions) Crash Weather Incident Road Work Overlap Trav l tim Ind x (TTI) = Buff r Ind x (BI) On-Tim P rformanc = = % !" ##$%.&& ##!" (( 83.6% 84.5% 38.0% 80.0% 56.3% % R liability Rating!" ##$%.) ##!" (( 82.0% 82.9% 35.0% 77.8% 48.4% % Planning Tim Ind x (PTI) 80th P rc ntil TTI Mis ry Ind x (MI) % = % % =.% =

20 E94_1 TT Plots 23:00 22:00 21:00 Travel Time Index 20:00 19:00 >4.0 TTI 18:00 17:00 16:00 15:00 14:00 13:00 12:00 11:00 10:00 9:00 8:00 7:00 6:00 5: TTI TTI 3.0 TTI TTI 2.5 TTI TTI 2.0 TTI TTI 1.5 TTI TTI 45 mph TT TTI Speed Limt TT - 45 mph TT < Speed Limit TT 4:00 Speed Limit TT = 1.85 mins 3:00 45 mph TT = 2.27 mins 2:00 1:00 0:00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

21 E94_1 VMT Plots 23:00 22:00 21:00 20:00 19:00 18:00 17:00 16:00 15:00 14:00 13:00 12:00 11:00 10:00 9:00 8:00 7:00 6:00 5:00 4:00 3:00 2:00 1:00 0:00 Vehicle Miles Traveled > < 800 Base VMT= 800 miles Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

22 E94_1 Travel Time-VMT-Delay Graph Average of Delay (hr) Average of Travel Time (min) Average of VMT Travel Time (min) / Delay (hr) VMT Time

23 E94_1 Delay by Categories Percent of Total Delay By Category (Hours) 1% 0% 1% 5% 7% Normal Conditions Crash Weather Incident Road Work Overlap 87% Yearly Total Delay (Hours) Overlap Road Work Incident Weather Total Delay (Hr) Crash Normal Conditions - 50, , , , , , ,000

24 E94_1 CDF (Cumulative Distribution Function) Curves by Times of Day 100% 90% 80% 70% Percentage 60% 50% 40% All Tue-Thu 06:00 to 09:00 Tue-Thu 05:00 to 10:00 30% Tue-Thu 15:00 to 18:00 20% Tue-Thu 14:00 to 19:00 10% 0% Travel Time (min) 20

25 E94_1 CDF (Cumulative Distribution Function) Curves by Categories 100% 90% 80% 70% Overall Percentage 60% 50% 40% 30% Normal Condition Crash Weather Incident Road Work Overlap 20% 10% 0% Travel Time (min) 20

26 All Tue-Thu 06:00 to 09:00 Tue-Thu 05:00 to 10:00 Tue-Thu 15:00 to 18:00 Tue-Thu 14:00 to 19:00 Rank Travel Time Rank Travel Time Rank Travel Time Rank Travel Time Rank Travel Time E94_1 Thermometers All Tue-Thu 06:00 to 09:00 Tue-Thu 05:00 to 10:00 Tue-Thu 15:00 to 18:00 Tue-Thu 14:00 to 19:00 Percentile Travel Time Percentile Travel Time Percentile Travel Time Percentile Travel Time Percentile Travel Time 10% 10% 10% 10% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 5.2

27 E94_1 Non-Recurring Events 23:00 22:00 21:00 20:00 19:00 18:00 17:00 16:00 15:00 14:00 13:00 12:00 11:00 10:00 9:00 8:00 7:00 6:00 5:00 4:00 3:00 2:00 1:00 0:00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec E94_1 Non-Recurring Events Rain or Snow Crash Incident Roadwork Overlap

28 I-94 Reliability Report for Segment 2 Segment E94_2 L ngth (mil s) 2.3 Sp d Limit (mph) 55 FFS (mph) 60 FFTT (min) 2.3 Numb r of Lan s Corridor AADT Reliability Measure Trav l tim Ind x (TTI) Calculation = Overall one ( ormal Conditions) Categories Crash Weather Incident Road Work Overlap Buff r Ind x (BI) On-Tim P rformanc = = % !" ##$%.&& ##!" (( 88.8% 90.8% 41.2% 83.9% 56.2% 54.0% 3% R liability Rating!" ##$%.) ##!" (( 84.1% 86.5% 33.7% 77.1% 42.8% 49.2% 26.0% Planning Tim Ind x (PTI) 80th P rc ntil TTI Mis ry Ind x (MI) % = % % =.% =

29 E94_2 TT Plots 23:00 22:00 21:00 Travel Time Index 20:00 19:00 >4.0 TTI 18:00 17:00 16:00 15:00 14:00 13:00 12:00 11:00 10:00 9:00 8:00 7:00 6:00 5: TTI TTI 3.0 TTI TTI 2.5 TTI TTI 2.0 TTI TTI 1.5 TTI TTI 45 mph TT TTI Speed Limt TT - 45 mph TT < Speed Limit TT 4:00 Speed Limit TT = 2.51 mins 3:00 45 mph TT = 3.07 mins 2:00 1:00 0:00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

30 E94_2 VMT Plots 23:00 22:00 21:00 20:00 Vehicle Miles Traveled 19:00 18:00 17:00 > : : : : : : :00 9: :00 < 800 7:00 6:00 5: :00 Base VMT= 800 miles 3:00 2:00 1:00 0:00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

31 E94_2 Travel Time-VMT-Delay Graph Average of Delay (hr) Average of Travel Time (min) Average of VMT Travel Time (min) / Delay (hr) VMT Time

32 E94_2 Delay by Categories Percent of Total Delay By Category (Hours) 0% 2% 1% 10% 7% Normal Conditions Crash Weather Incident Road Work Overlap 80% Yearly Total Delay (Hours) Overlap Rd Work Incident Weather Total Delay (Hr) Crash Normal Conditions - 50, , , , , , ,000

33 E94_2 CDF (Cumulative Distribution Function) Curves by Times of Day 100% 90% 80% 70% Percentage 60% 50% 40% All Tue-Thu 06:00 to 09:00 Tue-Thu 05:00 to 10:00 30% Tue-Thu 15:00 to 18:00 20% Tue-Thu 14:00 to 19:00 10% 0% Travel Time (min) 20

34 E94_2 CDF (Cumulative Distribution Function) Curves by Categories 100% 90% 80% 70% Overall Percentage 60% 50% 40% 30% Normal Condition Crash Weather Incident Road Work Overlap 20% 10% 0% Travel Time (min) 20

35 All Tue-Thu 06:00 to 09:00 Tue-Thu 05:00 to 10:00 Tue-Thu 15:00 to 18:00 Tue-Thu 14:00 to 19:00 Rank Travel Time Rank Travel Time Rank Travel Time Rank Travel Time Rank Travel Time E94_2 Thermometers All Tue-Thu 06:00 to 09:00 Tue-Thu 05:00 to 10:00 Tue-Thu 15:00 to 18:00 Tue-Thu 14:00 to 19:00 Percentile Travel Time Percentile Travel Time Percentile Travel Time Percentile Travel Time Percentile Travel Time 10% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 5.3

36 E94_2 Non-Recurring Events 23:00 22:00 21:00 20:00 19:00 18:00 17:00 16:00 15:00 14:00 13:00 12:00 11:00 10:00 9:00 8:00 7:00 6:00 5:00 4:00 3:00 2:00 1:00 0:00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec E94_2 Non-Recurring Events Rain or Snow Crash Incident Roadwork Overlap

37 I-94 Reliability Report for Segment 3 Segment E94_3 L ngth (mil s) 2.7 Sp d Limit (mph) 55 FFS (mph) 70 FFTT (min) 2.3 Numb r of Lan s Corridor AADT Categories Reliability Measure Trav l tim Ind x (TTI) Calculation Overall one ( ormal Conditions) Crash Weather Incident Road Work Overlap = Buff r Ind x (BI) On-Tim P rformanc = = % !" ##$%.&& ##!" (( 96.5% 97.3% 70.1% 95.6% 83.3% 79.0% 76.3% R liability Rating Planning Tim Ind x (PTI) 80th P rc ntil TTI Mis ry Ind x (MI)!" ##$%.) ##!" (( 96.2% 97.1% 66.8% 95.3% 82.5% 77.3% 73.7% % = % % = % =

38 E94_3 TT Plots 23:00 22:00 21:00 20:00 19:00 18:00 17:00 16:00 15:00 14:00 13:00 12:00 11:00 10:00 9:00 8:00 7:00 6:00 5:00 4:00 3:00 2:00 1:00 0:00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Travel Time Index >4.0 TTI 3.5 TTI TTI TTI TTI 2.5 TTI TTI 2.0 TTI TTI 1.5 TTI TTI 45 mph TT TTI Speed Limt TT - 45 mph TT < Speed Limit TT Speed Limit TT = 2.95 mins 45 mph TT = 3.60 mins

39 E94_3 VMT Plots 23:00 22:00 21:00 20:00 Vehicle Miles Traveled 19:00 18:00 17:00 > : : : : : : :00 9: :00 < 800 7:00 6:00 5: :00 Base VMT= 800 miles 3:00 2:00 1:00 0:00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

40 E94_3 Travel Time-VMT-Delay Graph Average of Delay (hr) Average of Travel Time (min) Average of VMT Travel Time (min) / Delay (min) VMT Time

41 E94_3 Delay by Categories Percent of Total Delay By Category (Hours) 2% 2% 3% 17% 7% 68% Normal Conditions Crash Weather Incident Road Work Overlap Yearly Total Delay (Hours) Overlap Road Work Incident Weather Total Delay (Hr) Crash Normal Conditions - 50, , , , , , ,000

42 E94_3 CDF (Cumulative Distribution Function) Curves by Times of Day 100% 90% 80% 70% Percentage 60% 50% 40% All Tue-Thu 06:00 to 09:00 Tue-Thu 05:00 to 10:00 30% Tue-Thu 15:00 to 18:00 20% Tue-Thu 14:00 to 19:00 10% 0% Travel Time (min) 20

43 E94_3 CDF(Cumulative Distribution Function) Curves by Categories 100% 90% 80% 70% Overall Percentage 60% 50% 40% 30% Normal Condition Crash Weather Incident Road Work Overlap 20% 10% 0% Travel Time (min) 20

44 All Tue-Thu 06:00 to 09:00 Tue-Thu 05:00 to 10:00 Tue-Thu 15:00 to 18:00 Tue-Thu 14:00 to 19:00 Rank Travel Time Rank Travel Time Rank Travel Time Rank Travel Time Rank Travel Time E94_3 Thermometers All Tue-Thu 06:00 to 09:00 Tue-Thu 05:00 to 10:00 Tue-Thu 15:00 to 18:00 Tue-Thu 14:00 to 19:00 Percentile Travel Time Percentile Travel Time Percentile Travel Time Percentile Travel Time Percentile Travel Time 10% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 6.8

45 EB_3 Non-Recurring Events 23:00 22:00 21:00 20:00 19:00 18:00 17:00 16:00 15:00 14:00 13:00 12:00 11:00 10:00 9:00 8:00 7:00 6:00 5:00 4:00 3:00 2:00 1:00 0:00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec EB_3 Non-Recurring Events Rain or Snow Crash Incident Roadwork Overlap

46 I-94 Reliability Report for Segment 4 Segment E94_4 L ngth (mil s) 2.8 Sp d Limit (mph) 55 FFS (mph) 64 FFTT (min) 2.6 Numb r of Lan s Corridor AADT Categories Reliability Measure Trav l tim Ind x (TTI) Calculation Overall one ( ormal Conditions) Crash Weather Incident Road Work Overlap = Buff r Ind x (BI) On-Tim P rformanc = = % !" ##$%.&& ##!" (( 93.5% 94.8% 54.5% 92.5% 85.6% 68.2% 52.7% R liability Rating Planning Tim Ind x (PTI) 80th P rc ntil TTI Mis ry Ind x (MI)!" ##$%.) ##!" (( 92.4% 93.9% 48.5% 91.3% 84.8% 66.1% 41.1% % = % % = % =

47 E94_4 TT Plots 23:00 22:00 21:00 Travel Time Index 20:00 19:00 >4.0 TTI 18:00 17:00 16:00 15:00 14:00 13:00 12:00 11:00 10:00 9:00 8:00 7:00 6:00 5: TTI TTI 3.0 TTI TTI 2.5 TTI TTI 2.0 TTI TTI 1.5 TTI TTI 45 mph TT TTI Speed Limt TT - 45 mph TT < Speed Limit TT 4:00 Speed Limit TT = 3.05 mins 3:00 45 mph TT = 3.73 mins 2:00 1:00 0:00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

48 E94_4 VMT Plots 23:00 22:00 21:00 20:00 Vehicle Miles Traveled 19:00 18:00 17:00 > : : : : : : :00 9: :00 < 800 7:00 6:00 5: :00 Base VMT= 800 miles 3:00 2:00 1:00 0:00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

49 E94_4 Travel Time-VMT-Delay Graph Average of Delay (hr) Average of Travel Time (min) Average of VMT Travel Time (min) / Delay (hr) VMT Time

50 E94_4 Delay by Categories Percent of Total Delay By Category (Hours) 3% 1% 7% 8% 9% 72% Normal Conditions Crash Weather Incident Road Work Overlap Yearly Total Delay (Hours) Overlap Road Work Incident Weather Total Delay (Hr) Crash Normal Conditions - 50, , , , , , ,000

51 E94_4 CDF (Cumulative Distribution Function) Curves by Times of Day 100% 90% 80% 70% Percentage 60% 50% 40% All Tue-Thu 06:00 to 09:00 Tue-Thu 05:00 to 10:00 30% Tue-Thu 15:00 to 18:00 20% Tue-Thu 14:00 to 19:00 10% 0% Travel Time (min) 20

52 E94_4 CDF (Cumulative Distribution Function) Curves by Categories 100% 90% 80% 70% Overall Percentage 60% 50% 40% 30% Normal Condition Crash Weather Incident Road Work Overlap 20% 10% 0% Travel Time (min) 20

53 All Tue-Thu 06:00 to 09:00 Tue-Thu 05:00 to 10:00 Tue-Thu 15:00 to 18:00 Tue-Thu 14:00 to 19:00 Rank Travel Time Rank Travel Time Rank Travel Time Rank Travel Time Rank Travel Time E94_4 Thermometers All Tue-Thu 06:00 to 09:00 Tue-Thu 05:00 to 10:00 Tue-Thu 15:00 to 18:00 Tue-Thu 14:00 to 19:00 Percentile Travel Time Percentile Travel Time Percentile Travel Time Percentile Travel Time Percentile Travel Time 10% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 6.3

54 EB_4 Non-Recurring Events 23:00 22:00 21:00 20:00 19:00 18:00 17:00 16:00 15:00 14:00 13:00 12:00 11:00 10:00 9:00 8:00 7:00 6:00 5:00 4:00 3:00 2:00 1:00 0:00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec EB_4 Non-Recurring Events Rain or Snow Crash Incident Roadwork Overlap

55 I-94 Reliability Report for Segment 5 Segment E94_5 L ngth (mil s) 2.4 Sp d Limit (mph) 55 FFS (mph) 72 FFTT (min) 2.0 Numb r of Lan s Corridor AADT Reliability Measure Trav l tim Ind x (TTI) Calculation = Overall one ( ormal Conditions) Categories Crash Weather Incident Road Work Overlap Buff r Ind x (BI) On-Tim P rformanc = = % !" ##$%.&& ##!" (( 92.9% 93.6% 54.8% 91.9% 68.4% 98.7% 70.5% R liability Rating!" ##$%.) ##!" (( 92.5% 93.2% 52.1% 9% 66.3% 94.0% 68.4% Planning Tim Ind x (PTI) 80th P rc ntil TTI Mis ry Ind x (MI) % = % % =.% =

56 E94_5 TT Plots 23:00 22:00 21:00 Travel Time Index 20:00 19:00 >4.0 TTI 18:00 17:00 16:00 15:00 14:00 13:00 12:00 11:00 10:00 9:00 8:00 7:00 6:00 5: TTI TTI 3.0 TTI TTI 2.5 TTI TTI 2.0 TTI TTI 1.5 TTI TTI 45 mph TT TTI Speed Limt TT - 45 mph TT < Speed Limit TT 4:00 Speed Limit TT = 2.62 mins 3:00 45 mph TT = 3.20 mins 2:00 1:00 0:00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

57 E94_5 VMT Plots 23:00 22:00 21:00 20:00 Vehicle Miles Traveled 19:00 18:00 17:00 > : : : : : : :00 9: :00 < 800 7:00 6:00 5: :00 Base VMT= 800 miles 3:00 2:00 1:00 0:00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

58 E94_5 Travel Time-VMT-Delay Graph Average of Delay (hr) Average of Travel Time (min) Average of VMT Travel Time (min) / Delay (hr) VMT Time

59 E94_5 Delay by Categories Percent of Total Delay By Category (Hours) 1% 0% 1% 7% 8% Normal Conditions Crash Weather Incident Road Work Overlap 83% Yearly Total Delay (Hours) Overlap Road Work Incident Weather Total Delay (Hr) Crash Normal Conditions - 50, , , , , , ,000

60 E94_5 CDF (Cumulative Distribution Function) Curves by Times of Day 100% 90% 80% 70% Percentage 60% 50% 40% All Tue-Thu 06:00 to 09:00 Tue-Thu 05:00 to 10:00 30% Tue-Thu 15:00 to 18:00 20% Tue-Thu 14:00 to 19:00 10% 0% Travel Time (min) 20

61 E94_5 CDF (Cumulative Distribution Function) Curves by Categories 100% 90% 80% 70% Overall Percentage 60% 50% 40% 30% Normal Condition Crash Weather Incident Road Work Overlap 20% 10% 0% Travel Time (min) 20

62 All Tue-Thu 06:00 to 09:00 Tue-Thu 05:00 to 10:00 Tue-Thu 15:00 to 18:00 Tue-Thu 14:00 to 19:00 Rank Travel Time Rank Travel Time Rank Travel Time Rank Travel Time Rank Travel Time E94_5 Thermometers All Tue-Thu 06:00 to 09:00 Tue-Thu 05:00 to 10:00 Tue-Thu 15:00 to 18:00 Tue-Thu 14:00 to 19:00 Percentile Travel Time Percentile Travel Time Percentile Travel Time Percentile Travel Time Percentile Travel Time 10% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 7.9

63 EB_5 Non-Recurring Events 23:00 22:00 21:00 20:00 19:00 18:00 17:00 16:00 15:00 14:00 13:00 12:00 11:00 10:00 9:00 8:00 7:00 6:00 5:00 4:00 3:00 2:00 1:00 0:00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec EB_5 Non-Recurring Events Rain or Snow Crash Incident Roadwork Overlap

64 I-94 Reliability Report for Segment 6 Segment E94_6 Length (mil s) 1.8 Sp d Limit (mph) 55 FFS (mph) 63 FFTT (min) Numb r of Lan s Corridor AADT Reliability Measure Trav l tim Ind x (TTI) Calculation = Overall one ( ormal Conditions) Categories Crash Weather Incident Road Work Overlap Buff r Ind x (BI) On-Tim P rformanc = = % !" ##$%.&& ##!" (( 96.6% 97.1% 77.1% 95.1% 89.1% 94.3% 7% R liability Rating!" ##$%.) ##!" (( 95.6% 96.1% 72.9% 93.7% 87.3% 93.4% 70.3% Planning Tim Ind x (PTI) 80th P rc ntil TTI Mis ry Ind x (MI) % = % % =.% =

65 E94_6 TT Plots 23:00 22:00 21:00 Travel Time Index 20:00 19:00 >4.0 TTI 18:00 17:00 16:00 15:00 14:00 13:00 12:00 11:00 10:00 9:00 8:00 7:00 6:00 5: TTI TTI 3.0 TTI TTI 2.5 TTI TTI 2.0 TTI TTI 1.5 TTI TTI 45 mph TT TTI Speed Limt TT - 45 mph TT < Speed Limit TT 4:00 Speed Limit TT = 1.96 mins 3:00 45 mph TT = 2.40 mins 2:00 1:00 0:00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

66 E94_6 VMT Plots 23:00 22:00 21:00 20:00 Vehicle Miles Traveled 19:00 18:00 17:00 > : : : : : : :00 9: :00 < 800 7:00 6:00 5: :00 Base VMT= 800 miles 3:00 2:00 1:00 0:00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

67 E94_6 Travel Time-VMT-Delay Graph Average of Delay (hr) Average of Travel Time (min) Average of VMT Travel Time (min) / Delay (hr) VMT Time

68 E94_6 Delay by Categories Percent of Total Delay By Category (Hours) 1% 1% 2% Normal Conditions 9% 10% Crash Weather Incident Road Work Overlap 78% Yearly Total Delay (Hours) Overlap Road Work Incident Weather Total Delay (Hr) Crash Normal Conditions - 50, , , , , , ,000

69 E94_6 CDF (Cumulative Distribution Function) Curves by Times of Day 100% 90% 80% 70% Percentage 60% 50% 40% All Tue-Thu 06:00 to 09:00 Tue-Thu 05:00 to 10:00 30% Tue-Thu 15:00 to 18:00 20% Tue-Thu 14:00 to 19:00 10% 0% Travel Time (min) 20

70 E94_6 CDF (Cumulative Distribution Function) Curves by Categories 100% 90% 80% 70% Overall Percentage 60% 50% 40% 30% Normal Condition Crash Weather Incident Road Work Overlap 20% 10% 0% Travel Time (min) 20

71 All Tue-Thu 06:00 to 09:00 Tue-Thu 05:00 to 10:00 Tue-Thu 15:00 to 18:00 Tue-Thu 14:00 to 19:00 Rank Travel Time Rank Travel Time Rank Travel Time Rank Travel Time Rank Travel Time E94_6 Thermometers All Tue-Thu 06:00 to 09:00 Tue-Thu 05:00 to 10:00 Tue-Thu 15:00 to 18:00 Tue-Thu 14:00 to 19:00 Percentile Travel Time Percentile Travel Time Percentile Travel Time Percentile Travel Time Percentile Travel Time 10% 10% 10% 10% % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % % 3.2

72 EB_6 Non-Recurring Events 23:00 22:00 21:00 20:00 19:00 18:00 17:00 16:00 15:00 14:00 13:00 12:00 11:00 10:00 9:00 8:00 7:00 6:00 5:00 4:00 3:00 2:00 1:00 0:00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec EB_6 Non-Recurring Events Rain or Snow Crash Incident Roadwork Overlap

73 I-94 Reliability Report for Segment 7 Segment E94_7 L ngth (mil s) Sp d Limit (mph) 55 FFS (mph) 68 FFTT (min) 1.5 Numb r of Lan s Corridor AADT Reliability Measure Trav l tim Ind x (TTI) Calculation = Overall one ( ormal Conditions) Categories Crash Weather Incident Road Work Overlap Buff r Ind x (BI) On-Tim P rformanc = = % !" ##$%.&& ##!" (( 99.8% 99.9% 91.2% 98.2% 100.0% 100.0% 88.7% R liability Rating!" ##$%.) ##!" (( 99.6% 99.8% 89.1% 97.5% 100.0% 100.0% 86.8% Planning Tim Ind x (PTI) 80th P rc ntil TTI Mis ry Ind x (MI) % = % % =.% =

74 E94_7 TT Plots 23:00 22:00 21:00 20:00 19:00 18:00 17:00 16:00 15:00 14:00 13:00 12:00 11:00 10:00 9:00 8:00 7:00 6:00 5:00 4:00 3:00 2:00 1:00 0:00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Travel Time Index >4.0 TTI 3.5 TTI TTI TTI TTI 2.5 TTI TTI 2.0 TTI TTI 1.5 TTI TTI 45 mph TT TTI Speed Limt TT - 45 mph TT < Speed Limit TT Speed Limit TT = 1.85 mins 45 mph TT = 2.27 mins

75 E94_7 VMT Plots 23:00 22:00 21:00 20:00 Vehicle Miles Traveled 19:00 18:00 17:00 > : : : : : : :00 9: :00 < 800 7:00 6:00 5: :00 Base VMT= 800 miles 3:00 2:00 1:00 0:00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

76 E94 _ 7 Travel Time-VMT-Delay Graph Average of Delay (hr) Average of Travel Time (min) Average of VMT Travel Time (min) / Delay (hr) VMT Time

77 E94_7 Delay by Categories Percent of Total Delay By Category (Hours) 24% 0% 0% 5% 58% Normal Conditions Crash Weather Incident Road Work Overlap 12% Yearly Total Delay (Hours) Overlap Road Work Incident Weather Total Delay (Hr) Crash Normal Conditions - 50, , , , , , ,000

78 E94_7 CDF (Cumulative Distribution Function) Curves by Times of Day 100% 90% 80% 70% Percentage 60% 50% 40% All Tue-Thu 06:00 to 09:00 Tue-Thu 05:00 to 10:00 30% Tue-Thu 15:00 to 18:00 20% Tue-Thu 14:00 to 19:00 10% 0% Travel Time (min) 20

79 E94_7 CDF (Cumulative Distribution Function) Curves by Categories 100% 90% 80% 70% Overall Percentage 60% 50% 40% 30% Normal Condition Crash Weather Incident Road Work Overlap 20% 10% 0% Travel Time (min) 20

80 E94_7 Thermometers All Tue-Thu 06:00 to 09:00 Tue-Thu 05:00 to 10:00 Tue-Thu 15:00 to 18:00 Tue-Thu 14:00 to 19:00 Rank Travel Time Rank Travel Time Rank Travel Time Rank Travel Time Rank Travel Time All Tue-Thu 06:00 to 09:00 Tue-Thu 05:00 to 10:00 Tue-Thu 15:00 to 18:00 Tue-Thu 14:00 to 19:00 Percentile Travel Time Percentile Travel Time Percentile Travel Time Percentile Travel Time Percentile Travel Time 10% % 10% 10% % % 80% 95% % 80% 95% % 80% 95% % 80% 95% % 80% 95% 1.9

81 EB_7 Non-Recurring Events 23:00 22:00 21:00 20:00 19:00 18:00 17:00 16:00 15:00 14:00 13:00 12:00 11:00 10:00 9:00 8:00 7:00 6:00 5:00 4:00 3:00 2:00 1:00 0:00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec EB_7 Non-Recurring Events Rain or Snow Crash Incident Roadwork Overlap

82 I-94 Reliability Report for Segment 8 Segment W94_8 L ngth (mil s) 2.1 Sp d Limit (mph) 55 FFS (mph) 66 FFTT (min) 1.9 Numb r of Lan s Corridor AADT Categories Reliability Measure Trav l tim Ind x (TTI) = Calculation Overall one ( ormal Conditio Crash Weather Incidnet Road Work Overlap Buff r Ind x (BI) On-Tim P rformanc = = % !" ##$%.&& ##!" (( 96.5% 97.1% 58.3% 94.2% 87.8% 64.1% 76.1% R liability Rating Planning Tim Ind x (PTI) 80th P rc ntil TTI Mis ry Ind x (MI)!" ##$%.) ##!" (( 96.1% 96.8% 55.0% 93.2% 85.7% 62.2% 7% % = % % = % =

83 W94_8 TT Plots 23:00 22:00 21:00 20:00 19:00 18:00 17:00 16:00 15:00 14:00 13:00 12:00 11:00 10:00 9:00 8:00 7:00 6:00 5:00 4:00 3:00 2:00 1:00 0:00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Travel Time Index >4.0 TTI 3.5 TTI TTI TTI TTI 2.5 TTI TTI 2.0 TTI TTI 1.5 TTI TTI 45 mph TT TTI Speed Limt TT - 45 mph TT < Speed Limit TT Speed Limit TT = 2.29 mins 45 mph TT = 2.80 mins

84 W94_8 VMT Plots 23:00 22:00 21:00 20:00 Vehicle Miles Traveled 19:00 18:00 17:00 > : : : : : : :00 9: :00 < 800 7:00 6:00 5: :00 Base VMT= 800 miles 3:00 2:00 1:00 0:00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

85 W94_8 Travel Time-VMT-Delay Graph Average of Delay (hr) Average of Travel Time (min) Average of VMT Travel Time (min) / Delay (hr) VMT Time

86 W94_8 Delay by Categories Percent of Total Delay By Category (Hours) 3% 0% 0% 7% 11% Normal Conditions Crash Weather Incident Road Work Overlap 79% Yearly Total Delay (Hours) Overlap Road Work Incident Weather Total Delay (Hr) Crash Normal Conditions - 50, , , , , , ,000

87 W94_8 CDF (Cumulative Distribution Function) Curves by Times of Day 100% 90% 80% 70% Percentage 60% 50% 40% All Tue-Thu 06:00 to 09:00 Tue-Thu 05:00 to 10:00 30% Tue-Thu 15:00 to 18:00 20% Tue-Thu 14:00 to 19:00 10% 0% Travel Time (min) 20

APRIL 2018 PERFORMANCE REPORT

APRIL 2018 PERFORMANCE REPORT APRIL PERFORMANCE REPORT I-66 Express Lanes Inside the Beltway HIGHLIGHTS Morning and afternoon commutes were faster on average and travel times more reliable compared to April. Travel speeds on I-66 averaged