Step 10 Visualisation Carlos Moura
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1 Step 10 Visualisation Carlos Moura COIN th JRC Annual Training on Composite Indicators & Scoreboards 05-07/11/2018, Ispra (IT)
2 Effective communication through visualization Why investing on visual information?
3 Effective communication through visualization How many P s can you find in the text? A M C D F G O I S H P O F Q H O P I U O I U L F K S D K F K F J Z F C P T H B M U G I N D I C A T O R S D H D X B E W Z C O M P O S I T E A E T F R J L M N O J K P B R L A D X O G F J E I L K S A P R P U E D G H M X O Q B I
4 Effective communication through visualization How many P s can you find in the text? A M C D F G O I S H P O F Q H O P I U O I U L F K S D K F K F J Z F C P T H B M U G I N D I C A T O R S D H D X B E W Z C O M P O S I T E A E T F R J L M N O J K P B R L A D X O G F J E I L K S A P R P U E D G H M X O Q B I
5 Effective communication through visualization Visualization uses perception to free cognition
6 Effective communication through visualization Visualization uses perception to free cognition
7 Effective communication through visualization Gestalt psychology Miller s law The number of objects an average person can hold in working memory is about seven [Also known as the magical number Seven, plus or minus two] Hick s law Describes the time it takes for a person to make a decision as a result of the possible choices avaibale: Increasing the number of choices will increase the decision time logarithmically
8 Gestalt psychology Set of laws that accounts for how we perceive or intuit patterns and conclusions from the things we see. It allows for Better understanding of human perception Achieving better visuals Speeding up development by removing trial and error.
9 Visual perception and the Principles of Gestalt Emergence forming complex patterns from simple rules. Can you see the cow?
10 Visual perception and the Principles of Gestalt Emergence forming complex patterns from simple rules.
11 Visual perception and the Principles of Gestalt Reification - The perceived experience contains more information than the sensorial stimulus. Invariance - Simple objects are recognized independent of rotation, translation and scale. Multistability - Ambiguous perceptual experiences to pop back and forth between alternative interpretations.
12 Pragnanz Simplicity is the key People will perceive and interpret ambiguous or complex images as the simplest and complete form(s) possible. Because it s the interpretation that requires the least cognitive effort = + not +
13 Pragnanz Simplicity is the key
14 Pragnanz Simplicity is the key
15 Pragnanz Simplicity is the key
16 Pragnanz Simplicity is the key Excel 2003 vs Excel 2013 Data-Ink ratio = data ink total ink used to make the graphic = 1 proportion of a graphic that can be erased without loss of data-information (Tufte, Edward The visual display of quantitative information) Some suggestions to reduce data-ink ratio: - No 3d charts - No backgrounds, shadows or gradients - Remove gridlines, decoration, borders, fillcolors
17 Pragnanz Simplicity is the key What can be removed from a chart while keeping the information?
18 Pragnanz Simplicity is the key An ordered chart is easier to read
19 Gestalt principles Figure-ground organization The eye differentiates an object from its surroundings. Objects are either classified as figure or ground. Balancing figure and ground can make the perceived image more clear.
20 Gestalt principles Law of Proximity Objects or shapes that are close to another appear to form groups. ASEM report p.14
21 Gestalt principles Law of Proximity Objects or shapes that are close to another appear to form groups. A B C D A B C D
22 Gestalt principles Law of Similarity Elements that share similar characteristics are perceived as more related than elements that don t share those characteristics. Similarity is particularly affected by color.
23 Gestalt principles Law of Similarity Elements that share similar characteristics are perceived as more related than elements that don t share those characteristics. Similarity is particularly affected by color jan feb mar apr may jun jul ago sep oct nov dec 0 jan feb mar apr may jun jul ago sep oct nov dec
24 Gestalt principles Law of Closure The minds tendency to see complete figures of forms even if a figure is incomplete, partially hidden by other objects or if part of the information is missing. NBC logo 1956 vs 1986
25 Gestalt principles Law of Closure The minds tendency to see complete figures of forms even if a figure is incomplete, partially hidden by other objects or if part of the information is missing jan feb mar apr may jun jul ago sep oct nov dec 0 jan feb mar apr may jun jul ago sep oct nov dec
26 Gestalt principles Law of Simetry The minds perceives objects as being symmetrical and forming around a center point. When two symmetrical elements are unconnected the mind perceptually connectes them to form a coherent shape.
27 Gestalt principles Law of Simetry Cultural and Creative Cities Monitor report, p. 81 ASEM report p.12
28 Gestalt principles Law of Common fate Visual elements moving in the same direction are perceived as being related to each other more than being related with others stationary or moving in a different direction. Images can also relate to similarity by shape.
29 Gestalt principles Law of Common fate Visual elements moving in the same direction are perceived as being related to each other more than being related with others stationary or moving in a different direction. Images can also relate to similarity by shape.
30 Gestalt principles Law of Continuity Elements tend to be grouped together if they are aligned within an object.
31 Gestalt principles Law of Past experience (isomorphic correspondance) Under some circunstances, visual stimuli are categorized according to past experience
32 Gestalt principles Quality of Government First published in 2010 as a working paper Picked up by academic research Financed for 2013 update through FP7 Included in the Cohesion Report One of the pillars of the Cultural and Creative Cities Monitor
33 Gestalt principles Quality of Government First published in 2010 as a working paper Picked up by academic research Financed for 2013 update through FP7 Included in the Cohesion Report One of the pillars of the Cultural and Creative Cities Monitor
34 Gestalt principles Law of Uniform connectedness Elements that are visually connected are perceived as more related than elements with no connection.
35 Gestalt principles Law of Common regions Elements are perceived as part of a group if they are located within the same closed region.
36 Preattentive attributes Used in data visualization to quickly focus the readers view on the most important point of information
37 Preattentive attributes - examples Cultural and Creative Cities Monitor Rank Country page Preattentive attributes: Length/position and hue Social scoreboard Country Analysis Preattentive attributes: Position, connectedness
38 Preattentive attributes - examples OECD Better Life Index Preattentive attributes: hue
39 Chart examples bad vs good Highlight what s important jan feb mar apr may jun jul ago sep oct nov dec 0 jan feb mar apr may jun jul ago sep oct nov dec
40 Chart examples bad vs good Highlight what s important Is it ok? jan feb mar apr may jun jul ago sep oct nov dec 0 jan feb mar apr may jun jul ago sep oct nov dec
41 Chart examples bad vs good Highlight what s important not color blind friendly (Red-blind simulation) jan feb mar apr may jun jul ago sep oct nov dec
42 Chart examples bad vs good Highlight what s important Start from zero (and keep it simple) Source:
43 Chart examples bad vs good Don t use 3d Avoid pie charts (specially in 3D) Source:
44 Chart examples bad vs good Avoid comparing areas (even when the charts make sense) Keep it simple (sometimes a table is better to convey information) Source:
45 Interactive data visualization Attract attention from the public Increase engagement Increase trust in the data The data tells the story Hundreds of possible stories The user create its own story Source (image):
46 Interactive data visualization Source:
47 COIN interactive platforms Social Scoreboard Cultural and Creative Cities Monitor ASEM Sustainable Connectivity Portal
48 Any questions? You can find me at
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