RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Answers may be found in 2011 Training Handout. Based on the rules.

Transcription

1 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Answers may be found in 2011 Training Handout. Based on the rules. School: Total Score: Team Number: Denominator: 50 Part I: Respiratory System Section A. Fill in the blanks. 1. The respiratory system provides and removes from the blood stream. 2. Sound is produced when expired air passes over the. 3. The respiratory system controls the ph of. Section B. Fill in the blanks with the correct letter. A. Pulmonary ventilation B. External respiration C. Transport of respiratory gases D. Internal respiration 4. is the movement of air into the lungs and movement of air out of the lungs. 5. is the movement of oxygen from the lungs to the blood and carbon dioxide from the blood to the lungs. 6. is the transport of oxygen from the lungs to the tissue and transport of carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs. 7. is the movement of oxygen from blood to the tissue cells and movement of carbon dioxide from the tissue cells to blood. Section C. The Nose. 8. What are nasal conchae? 9. What are vibrissae?

2 10. What function(s) do capillaries have in the nose? 11. What function(s) does mucus have in the respiratory system? 12. Label each part of the nose. Section D. Pharynx/Larynx 13. What is the pharynx? 14. Label the three regions of the pharynx. Label the larynx.

3 15. Name the three functions of the larynx. 16. What forms the framework of the larynx? 17. What prevents food and drink from entering the airway when swallowed? 18. What are the true vocal cords and the false vocal cords? Section E. Trachea/Bronchi/Lungs 19. What reinforces the trachea and keeps it from collapsing when you inhale? 20. What is the function of ciliated pseudostratified epithelium in the trachea? 21. What is the name for the two bronchi that branch off from the trachea? 22. What do the secondary bronchi branch off to? 23. What are alveolar sacs? 24. What is the function of elastic connective tissue fibers?

4 25. Why is the left lung smaller than the right lung? Section F. Label each of the lobes of both lungs with their appropriate names. Section G. Match each pattern of breathing (letters) to its description (numbers). A. Apnea B. Dyspnea C. Eupnea D. Hyperpnea E. Hyperventilation F. Hypoventilation G. Orthopnea H. Respiratory Arrest I. Tachypnea 26. Accelerated respiration: 27. Labored, gasping breathing; shortness of breath: 28. Normal, relaxed, quiet breathing: 29. Dyspnea that occurs when a person is lying down: 30. Permanent cessation of breathing: 31. Reduced pulmonary ventilation: 32. Temporary cessation of breathing: 33. Increased pulmonary ventilation in excess of metabolic demand: 34. Increased rate and depth of breathing in response to exercise, pain, or other conditions:

5 Section H. Measures and Capacities of Pulmonary Ventilation 35. If a person has a tidal volume of 500 ml, an expiratory reverse volume of 1000 ml, and an inspiratory reverse volume of 3100 ml, what is this person s vital capacity? 36. If a person has a total lung capacity of 6000 ml and a vital capacity of 4800 ml, what is their residual volume? 37. Does the inspiratory reverse volume increase or decrease when a person s breathing changes from resting to greater activity? 38. If a person has a total lung capacity of 6000 ml and an inspiratory capacity of 3700 ml, what is their functional residual capacity? Section J. Match each disorder/disease (letters) to the correct description (numbers). A. Hypoxia B. Oxygen Toxicity C. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases D. Emphysema E. Asthma F. Chronic bronchitis G. Lung Cancer H. Acute Rhinitis J. Laryngitis K. Pneumonia L. Sleep apnea M. Tuberculosis 39. Excess oxygen causing the buildup of peroxides and free radicals: 40. Cilia and immobilized and reduced in number, goblet cells increase their production of mucus, and mucus clogs the airways and breeds infection: 41. Cancer of the lungs: 42. Imflammation of the vocal folds: 43. The common cold: 44. Alveolar walls break down and the surface area of the lungs is reduced: 45. Allergens trigger the release of histamine and other inflammatory chemicals that cause intense bronchoconstriction: 46. Cessation of breathing for 10 seconds or longer during sleep:

6 47. Pulmonary infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis; reduces lung compliance: 48. Deficiency of oxygen in a tissue or the inability to use oxygen: 49. Long-term obstruction of airflow and a substantial reduction in pulmonary ventilation: 50. Lower respiratory infection that causes fluid buildup in the lungs:

7 Anatomy Test Digestive System Name: 1) What are the names of the three salivary glands?,, and. 2) The mouth is responsible for partially digesting what type of food product? 3) The epiglottis closes over the to prevent food from going down the wrong tube. 4) If a person has all of their teeth, they would have incisors, cuspids, bicuspids, and molars. 5) What is the name of the structure in the month that is ultimately responsible for getting the epiglottis to close over the trachea? 6) Hydrochloric acid converts to the active form called pepsin. 7) The muscular ridges on the inside of the stomach that allow the stomach to stretch when food is present are called. 8) When food is in the mouth it is called a bolus. But, when it enters the stomach and mixes with acid it is called acidic. 9) The esophageal hiatus is an opening in the, which allows the esophagus to pass to enter into the stomach. 10) The first part of the small intestine is called the. 11) Which part of the small intestine is connected to the stomach and which part is connected to the large intestine? 12) The small, finger-like projections in the small intestine are called. 13) The ph of acid coming from the stomach is about and the ph in the small intestine is about. 14) What is the name of the muscular action that moves the food through the esophagus, through the stomach, and through the small intestine? 15) The largest salivary gland is the and is located near the muscle.

8 16) When the cells of the taste buds are stimulated by dissolved food, they will send signals to the brain for the interpretation of flavor. 17) The first part of the large intestine is called the. 18) The stomach is made of the cardia region, the fundus region, and the pylorus region. Which of those regions attach to the duodenum of the small intestine? 19) The hepatopancreatic sphincter is joined by the tube from the pancreas and the tube from the gall bladder and liver. What are those two tubes called? and 20) Bile is produced in the and stored in the. 21) will emulsify fat so the enzyme, can do a more efficient job of digesting the fat. 22) What is the name of the tube that drains bile from the gallbladder into the common bile duct? 23) Name the hormone that causes the gall bladder to release bile. 24) Name the hormone that causes the release of buffers from the pancreas. 25) What hormone causes the hepatopancreatic sphincter to open? 26) The main job of the large intestine is to reabsorb back into the bloodstream. 27) When the sphincter fails to close properly, some stomach contents can enter into the esophagus. This is known as esophageal reflux. 28) Rapid peristalsis in the large intestine could result in what medical condition? 29) Lactose intolerance is a condition where the patient is not producing enough of what enzyme? 30) A patient with gallbladder problems may have difficulty digesting which type of food substance?

9 Anatomy Test Answers 1) Sublingual, Submandibular, and Parotid salivary glands 2) Carbohydrates 3) Glottis (opening to the trachea) 4) 8 incisors, 4 cuspids, 8 bicuspids, and 12 molars 5) Uvula 6) Pepsinogen 7) Gastric Rugae 8) Chyme 9) Diaphragm 10) Duodenum 11) Duodenum; ileum 12) Villi 13) 1-2, ) Peristalsis 15) Parotid gland; Masseter 16) Gustatory 17) Cecum 18) Pylorus 19) Pancreatic duct and common bile duct 20) Liver; Gallbladder 21) Bile; lipase 22) Cystic duct 23) Cholecystokinin 24) Secretin 25) Cholecystokinin 26) Water 27) Esophageal 28) Diarrhea 29) Lactase 30) Fat

10 Digestive System/Nutrition Test Name: 1. What is the difference between chemical and mechanical digestion? 2. Is defecation a mechanical or chemical process? 3. In the stomach, what type of cell secretes a. Hydrochloric acid? b. Pepsinogen? c. Mucus? d. Intrinsic factor? e. Gastrin? f. Serotonin/Histamine? 4. What are the functions of saliva? 5. Name the four lobes of the liver. 6. What causes flatulence? 7. Vitamins,,, and are fat soluble. 8. In the of your small intestine, iron, calcium, and magnesium are absorbed. 9. How many essential vitamins and minerals are there total? 10. What is the most important function of the pancreas? 11. There are a total of essential and non-essential proteins that your body needs. 12. Name 2 functions of cholesterol. 13. Vitamin enables you to produce myelin. 14. Scurvy is a condition caused by lack of. 15. The largest salivary gland is the. 16. What function does the uvula serve?

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12 Anatomy Test Digestive Name: 1. The buccal cavity is also known as the cavity. 2. How many teeth are there in a set of deciduous teeth? 3. The enamel of a tooth is made by cells called. 4. The dentin of a tooth is made by cells called. 5. The pulp cavity of a tooth contains nerve endings of which cranial nerve? 6. The tongue is made up of what type of muscle? 7. The sensory nerves for taste are which two cranial nerves? 8. A sympathetic stimulation to the salivary glands would cause (more, less) saliva to be secreted. 9. Where is the reflex center in the brain for swallowing? 10. When the lower esophageal sphincter fails to close and the stomach is full, what kind of medical condition can occur? 11. What type of epithelium is found in the esophagus? 12. The enteric nervous system innervates the. 13. The nerve network in the submucosa is called. 14. Auerbach s plexus (or myenteric plexus) innervates the GI tract and causes increased or decreased speeds of. 15. The cranial nerve controlling peristalsis is the. 16. Gastric juice is secreted in small amounts at the sight or smell of food. This is a (parasympathetic, sympathetic) response. 17. The small intestine is in diameter and long. 18. Lymph nodules called are especially abundant in the ileum to destroy absorbed pathogens. 19. To reduce the acidity of food just entering the duodenum, the pancreas releases. 20. Vitamin B12 requires to be absorbed in the small intestine. 21. Calcium ions require and to be absorbed in the small intestine. 22. A cholecystrectomy is the removal of what organ? For what condition is this usually performed for? 23. Name the vestigal organ attached to the large intestine.

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14 Anatomy Test Digestive Answers 1. oral ameloblasts 4. odontoblasts 5. trigeminal (5 th ) 6. skeletal 7. Facial (7 th ) and Glossopharyngeal (9 th ) 8. less 9. medulla oblongata 10. acid reflux 11. stratified squamous 12. alimentary canal 13. Meissner s plexus 14. peristalsis 15. Vagus (10 th ) 16. Parasympathetic inch/2.5cm; 20ft/6m 18. Peyer s Patches 19. Bicarbonate juice 20. intrinsic factor 21. parathyroid hormone and vitamin D 22. Gallbladder; gallstones 23. Vermiform appendix