Contents. Basic Ultrasound Principles and Terminology. Ultrasound Nodule Characteristics
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1 Contents Basic Ultrasound Principles and Terminology Basic Ultrasound Principles... 1 Ultrasound System... 2 Linear Transducer for Superficial Images and Ultrasound-Guided FNA... 3 Scanning Planes... 4 Overall Gain... 5 Time Gain Compensation (TGC)... 6 Focal Zone... 7 Frequency... 8 Depth of View of the Image... 9 Color-Flow Doppler and Power Doppler Axial Resolution and Lateral Resolution Contrast Resolution Ultrasound Nodule Characteristics Nodule Characteristics Size Shape Shape: Taller-Than-Wide Composition: Solid Composition: Cystic Composition: Cystic, Complex Composition: Spongiform Margins: Smooth Margins: Smooth With Halo Margins: Irregular... 23
2 Margins: Vague Echogenicity: Anechoic Echogenicity: Hypoechoic Echogenicity: Isoechoic Echogenicity: Hyperechoic Internal Echo Pattern: Homogeneous Internal Echo Pattern: Heterogeneous Calcification: Rim or Egg Shell Calcification: Macrocalcifications Calcification: Microcalcifications Color-Flow Doppler and Power Doppler Vascularity: Avascular Vascularity: Peripheral Vascularity: Intranodular Vascularity: Peripheral and Intranodular Ultrasound Image Artifacts Posterior Acoustic Enhancement Posterior Acoustic Shadowing Reverberation Artifact Colloid Comet Tail Artifact Edge Shadow Artifact Mirror Image Artifact Refraction Artifact Speed of Sound (Bayonet) Artifact Thyroid Gland Neck Anatomy, Anterior View Neck Anatomy, Transverse View... 48
3 Normal Thyroid Gland Echotexture and Vascularity Status Post Hemithyroidectomy Benign Follicular Nodule Benign Complex Nodule Benign Complex Cystic Lesion Cyst Fluid Drainage Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis Subacute (DeQuervain) Thyroiditis Ectopic Thyroid Tissue Normal Esophagus Esophageal Diverticulum Papillary Carcinoma Papillary Carcinoma Arising in Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis Papillary Carcinoma, Recurrent Papillary Carcinoma, Metastatic to Neck Lymph Node Follicular Neoplasm Follicular Neoplasm, Hürthle Cell Type Medullary Carcinoma Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Thyroglobulin Needle Rinse Washout Parathyroid Gland Neck Anatomy, Posterior View Adenoma Cyst Parathyroid Hormone Needle Rinse Washout... 93
4 Lymph Node Lymph Node: Benign and Malignant Features Cervical Lymph Node Anatomic Locations Benign Reactive Granulomatous Lymphadenitis Cat Scratch Disease Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Hodgkin Lymphoma Metastatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma Metastatic Malignancy Salivary Gland Salivary Gland Anatomy Normal Salivary Gland Echotexture Intraparotid Reactive Lymph Node Cyst Cyst Drainage Abscess Sialolith With Dilated Duct Chronic Sialadenitis Pleomorphic Adenoma Warthin Tumor Benign Lymphoepithelial Lesion Sjögren Syndrome Sarcoidosis Rosai-Dorfman Disease (Sinus Histiocytosis With Massive Lymphadenopathy) Acinic Cell Carcinoma
5 Polymorphous Low-Grade Adenocarcinoma Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma Adenocarcinoma Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Soft Tissue Epidermal Inclusion Cyst Thyroglossal Duct Cyst Cyst Drainage Branchial Cleft Cyst Benign Dermoid Cyst Carotid Body Tumor Lipoma Fat Necrosis Foreign Body Giant Cell Reaction Pilomatrixoma and Hemangioma Ganglion Cyst and Baker Cyst Calcinosis Cutis and Plantar Fibromatosis Schwannoma Nodular Fasciitis and Proliferative Myositis Myxoma Desmoid Fibromatosis Myxopapillary Ependymoma Abdominal Wall Hernia Periosteal Chondrosarcoma Leiomyosarcoma and Ewing Sarcoma Metastatic Colonic Adenocarcinoma and Melanoma
6 Breast Normal Breast Tissue Fatty Breast Tissue Ribs Cysts Complex Cysts Subareolar Abscess and Ruptured Silicone Implant Cancer Mimicking a Complex Cyst Fibroadenoma Fat Necrosis Trauma Reaction Mimicking Carcinoma Gynecomastia Nipple Shadow Carcinoma Carcinoma With Axillary Metastasis Axillary Lymph Nodes Male Breast Carcinoma Index
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