Anatomy: Endocrine System
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1 In the name of God Anatomy: Endocrine System Moradian MD, MPH, PhD candidate Tehran University of Medical Sciences emc.marico pa.edu/fac ulty/farabe e/biobk/bio bookendocr.html
2 Endocrine system Controls many body functions exerts control by releasing special chemical substances into the blood called hormones Hormones affect other endocrine glands or body systems
3 Exocrine: glands transport their hormones to target tissues via ducts. Endocrine :glands release hormones directly into the blood, which in turn transports the hormones to target
4 Endocrine System A. Exocrine gland Ducts Lumen and surfaces B. Endocrine gland Chemical messengers Blood stream
5
6 Hormone + target = change in cell function
7 Hormone + Receptor
8 Chemical messenger Secreted by endocrine gland Specific to target Activate cellular change Of 4 different chemical types Hormones
9 Endocrine System and Homeostasis
10 Control of Endocrine Function A. Positive B. or Negative Feedback mechanisms Self-regulating system
11 A. Positive Feedback Not common Classic example: Action of OXYTOCIN on uterine muscle during birth.
12 B. Negative Feedback Most common control mechanism Level of hormone in blood or body s return to homeostasis shuts off loop at hypothalamus and pituitary
13 Endocrine Glands
14
15 Hypophys Gland
16 Anterior Pituitary Hormones HORMONE TARGET FUNCTION Thyroid (TSH) Stimulating Thyroid gland TH synthesis & release Growth (GH) Many tissues growth Adrenocortico- Tropin (ACTH) Adrenal cortex Cortisol release (androgens) Prolactin (Prl) Breast Milk production Follicle (FSH) Gonads Egg/sperm prod. Luteinizing (LH) Gonads Sex hormones
17 Neurosecretory Cells Specialized neurons Synthesize and secrete hormones Extend from HYPOTHALAMUS to POSTERIOR PITUITARY
18 Posterior Pituitary Hormones Manufactured in Hypothalamus, released from Post. Pit. Oxytocin Target = smooth ms. Uterus and Breast Function = labor and delivery, milk ejection,(pair bonding) ADH (Vasopressin AVP) Target = kidneys Function = water Reabsorption
19 What happens with excess GH?
20 GH as Juvenile
21 GH as an Adult
22 Hypersecretion of GH
23 GH = pituitary dwarfism
24 Thyroid Gland
25 لوب راست و چپ و بخش میانی تیروکسین: رشد فعالیت فیزیکی حاالت روحی و تغییرات جنسی درجه حرارت
26 Parathyroid Glands Secretes parathyroid hormone regulates plasma calcium (osteoclast activity) regulates phosphate levels
27 Adrenal Gland Adrenal gland located atop kidney Outer part = cortex Secretes Cortisol (stress), Androgens, Aldosterone (electrolytes) Inner part = medulla Secretes EPI & NEPI (fight or flight) SNS control
28 Hypersecretion of Adrenal Cortex
29 Cushing s Syndrome?
30 Pineal gland مغز میانی: ارتباط با مسیر بینایی اثر بر سایر غدد مالتونین: رنگ پوست
31 Pancreas Located slightly behind the stomach Insulin: reduces blood glucose Facilitates glucose transport into the cells Promotes glycogenesis Inhibits gluconeogensis Glucagon: increases blood glucose
32 Gonads testes (testosterone) = sex characteristics muscle development and maturity ovaries (estrogen) = sex characteristics maturity and coordination
33 Breasts غدد عرق تغییر شکل یافته نیپل هاله مجاری شیری
34 Breasts
35 Other Secretions
36 Other Secretions
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