By Semih. The first system is about the respiratory system. It provides our body with the oxygen it needs and gets rid of carbon dioxide.

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1 By Semih Exercise is very important to our body. Exercise is an everyday activity and it keeps your body fit and healthy. There are 3 main systems involved are the respiratory system, the circulatory system and muscular system, these are the 3 most important systems. The Respiratory system The first system is about the respiratory system. It provides our body with the oxygen it needs and gets rid of carbon dioxide. Breathing The first thing that happens in the respiratory system is you inhale (breathe in) oxygen and exhale (breathe out) carbon dioxide. You automatically breathe because you need a certain amount of oxygen so you can stay alive. The next thing in the respiratory system is about the trachea also called the wind pipe. The trachea connects your mouth and nose to the lungs.

2 The oxygen travels down the trachea to your lungs. The cilia (tiny hairs) catch dirt and mucus before it enters the lungs. While this is happening there is a dome shaped muscle called the diaphragm. The diaphragm is located under the lungs. It contracts (flattens) when you inhale and relaxes when you exhale. Lungs The lungs are the main organs in the respiratory system they are located on top of the diaphragm and behind the rib cage that protects them. Lungs are pink and squishy like a sponge. The left lung is smaller then the right lung because it is making room for the heart. The bronchus splits the trachea into two tubes that are connected to the lungs. They take oxygen to the lungs. The bronchial are connected to the bronchus. The bronchial are connected to the bronchus. The bronchial is the size of hair they keep getting smaller and smaller. There are 30,000 in each lung they allow oxygen to get to the alveoli. The alveoli are clumps of air sacs that are at the end of each bronchial and there are thirty thousand in each lung. They transport oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from the blood.

3 Blood Capillaries are blood vessels that surround your alveoli they are small enough for blood cells to be in single file. Oxygen is transferred to the red blood cells and carbon dioxide is transferred to the lungs to breathe out. Exercise When we exercise everything in the respiratory system accelerates. Breathing becomes faster and deeper, 3 L of 50 times or more of air in a minute. The Circulatory system The next system involved in exercise is the circulatory system, also known as the cardiovascular system. Heart The heart is the main organ in the circulatory system. It is located in the middle left of your chest next to all the important organs. Like the lungs the heart is protected by the ribcage.

4 The heart is a muscle and is the size of the owner s clenched fist. It is a very strong muscle and it is very red. It is special and different to other muscles because it never stops working. It pumps with 4 chambers witch are called the ventricles and the atriums. There is a value between them. The right ventricle pumps blood to the pulmonary artery witch goes to the lungs to be oxygenated. The ventricle pumps blood to the aorta, which then sends it around your body. The heart beats because of the nerves. The sympathetic nerves receive messages from the brain and tell the heart to beat. The parasympathetic nerve also gets messages from the brain to tell the heart to slow down. The nerves are part of the autonomic system. 3 Circulations There are 3 main circulations in the circulatory system. The first is coronary circulation this circulates blood to the cardiac muscle (Heart). It needs nutrients and oxygen to work or pump.

5 Next is pulmonary circulation, this carries blood from the heart to the lungs. Bronchial circulation supplies blood to the tissue of larger airways in the lungs. Finally, systemic circulations takes blood all around the body and it supplies the body cells with oxygen and nutrients. It also disposes waste in the body. Blood Vessels Blood vessels are made up of different layers. There are 4 layers in the arteries the tunica adventitia is the outer layer of your arteries. The tunica media is a muscular layer but very thick to create pressure. The tunica intima is the inner layer of the arteries. Last the lumen is a hollow centre and the lumen is smaller in the arteries. The capillaries don t have just one layer of endothial cells. The viens also have the same structure as the arteries, but have some differences. The viens lumen is bigger than the arteries. Its tunica media is wider so it has less pressure in it. It also contains valves that stop blood from going the wrong direction.

6 In the body blood vessels are white. Your veins look blue form the outside because inside you are dark and the light can t penetrate the skin. The arteries lay deep down in the body to be protected. They transport oxygenated blood from the heart around the body. If you cut one it will squirt. They pulse in the beat of the heart. Arteries keep on getting smaller and turn into arterioles. The arterials filter blood to the capillaries. It is here that, oxygen and nutrients are transferred to the body cells and waste the other way. The veins are part of the venules system; the veins carry deoxygenated blood to the heart. They keep getting bigger from the capillaries where they become venules and they turn into veins. The minor veins vary from person to person. There are several main blood vessels around the heart. The pulmonary artery carry s deoxygenated blood to the lungs. The pulmonary vein then carry s oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. The aorta is an artery it is the biggest and strongest on in the body. It takes oxygenated blood around the body from the left ventricle that is in the heart. The vena cava is the 2 main veins in the body. The superior vena cava, returns blood to the heart from

7 the upper body. The inferior vena cava, returns blood from the lower body. Blood First, our blood heats up our body using the busier places like the heart, lungs and the liver. It spreads heat around the body evenly. The 4 main parts of the blood are the red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma. The red blood cell is the cell that makes your blood red and it is half the volume, There are billions of them. They carry oxygen to the cells in the body and carry away waste and carbon dioxide. The biggest cell in the body is the white blood cell and that s why they clean the blood. Its second most important job is that it fights diseases. The smallest substance in the blood is the platelets and there are billions of them. Their job is to clot the blood when you get a cut. The last substance is the plasma. The plasma is a watery substance and it takes other substances around the body. It makes blood liquid and carry s

8 the nutrients to the body cells. It also carry s waste to the kidneys. Kidneys The kidneys are part of the urinary system but also important to the circulatory system. The kidneys clean the blood and they also dispose waste through urine. In your body you have 2 kidneys but you can also live with one. They are located in the middle of your back and are the shape of beans. There tubes connected to your kidneys to take waste to your bladder. Exercise When you exercise the circular tory system accelerates. The heart pumps faster so your blood can go around the whole of your body quicker. This is because your body cells need more energy and get rid of more waste.

9 Muscular system The last system is the muscular system. The muscular system is the system about muscles and movement. Types There are different types of muscles first is voluntary muscles. These muscles are connected to your bones to make you move. You have to think to move your muscles they get messages from the brain. Involuntary muscles are muscles that never stop working and they are smooth. They are controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Vital body processes are controlled by smooth muscles like the heart, breathing and digesting you need to survive. Smooth muscles are walls of hollow structures. The cardiac muscles are also known as the heart. It is known as an involuntary muscle, but inside it is smooth and on the outside it is like a voluntary muscle.

10 Appearance Each muscle looks different. There are more than 640 skeletal muscles in the body. They are red because of the blood in the muscle fibres. The layers of the skeletal muscles are different to others layers of muscles. The layer just under the skin. Muscles can be different shapes and sizes, most muscles are long and slim pectorals (pecks) however are shaped like a fan. Smooth muscles have a very smooth surface and are also a reddish colour. Parts Each muscle types have different parts. Skeletal muscles fibres are bundle. Each one is slightly smaller than hair they are divided into groups by a sheath with blood vessels surrounding them. They are striated like at microscopic level. The tendons connect muscles to bones and are stronger than super glue. The smooth muscles fibres are not striated. The smooth muscles don t have tendons. The cardiac muscle fibres are striated. Only found in the heart and adjoin vessels.

11 Movement Skeletal muscles move with conscious thought they are controlled by the brain. You have to think about movement, like other muscles skeletal muscles can t get longer; they contract (get smaller) they tire easily so they need a period of rest after you use them. They use glue cost (sugar) as fuel. They respond to stress and also change body functions for different situations. The next muscle is the cardiac muscle. The cardiac muscle moves without thought it is like a skeletal muscle. It is tireless and it works all the time. It also knows when it needs to speed up or slow down. Contracts like a wave to push blood. It has the ability contract sporteveously and it will beat when it s removed from the body. Exercise When you exercise your muscles move faster/quicker and they by concisely thinking. The muscles need more glue cost (sugar) as you exercise or move around. When you exercise you damage your muscles to build muscles.

12 When you exercise other systems accelerate as they are using energy and oxygen quicker. For example your heart beats faster, your blood vessels transport blood faster and you breathe faster. Although the respiratory, circulatory and the muscular system are the main systems there are different systems involved in exercise.

One system involved in exercising is the respiratory system. The respiratory system includes three main parts breathing, lungs and blood.

One system involved in exercising is the respiratory system. The respiratory system includes three main parts breathing, lungs and blood. By Andrea.K 2012 Grade 3 There are many different systems that help us exercise and the three main systems are the respiratory system which is about how we breathe, the circulatory system which is about