7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure & Function These are micrographs of cells you will see in this week's lab. One is plant (onion epithelium), the other animal (human cheek epithelium). Determine which is which and label them. What characteristics helped you decide? Cytologists divide eukaryotic cells into two major compartments, both easily visible in these micrographs. Identify them and label them in one cell from each species. Write a definition for each compartment. You and plants have something in common! 1
This diagram represents a photoautotrophic eukaryote. Label the diagram with BOTH structure & function. Plant Cell What characteristics and components identify this as a plant cell? 2
Identify the most important compound contained in the nucleus? Define it. Does it ever leave the nucleus? Nucleus Does the information leave the nucleus? How? Why? Is the information ever passed on? How? Why? Label the diagram with BOTH structure & function. Gene expression & heredity 3
Ribosomes What two compounds make up ribosomes? Where in the cell are they found? What is ribosome function overall? How, more specifically? Where do they get the information of amino acid sequence? The site of protein synthesis 4
What are the two types of ER and their abreviations? Endoplasmic What differentiates them structurally? Reticulum (ER) What differentiates them functionally? Where are many proteins and lipids produced by ER transported? Protein & lipid synthesis, processing & transport 5
How is the Golgi Apparatus described? What is it's function? How does it operate? Where do the final proteins and lipids go? Draw and label an ER transport vesicle, Cis Face, Cisternae, Trans Face, Secretory Vesicle, and an arrow showing the direction of processing. Golgi Apparatus Protein & lipid modification, sorting, packaging & shipping 6
What are lysosomes? Where do they come from? What compounds can they digest? Define the following: Food Vacuole Primary Lysosome Secondary Lysosome Autophagy Programed Cell Death (Apoptosis) Lysosomes Intracellular Digestion & Suicide 7
Differentiate between vacuoles and vesicles vesicles. In the top diagram, label the organelle with the pointer line and describe its two functions. Define turgor pressure in relation to this organelle. Vacuoles In the bottom diagram, label the organelle with the pointer line and describe its function. Define osmoregulation in relation to this organelle. What human organ system is responsible for osmoregulation? Name one other type of vacuole you encountered previously. Storage, support & water balance 8
Label the following on the diagram: outer membrane, inner membrane, intermembrane space, cristae, matrix. Identify the overall process that mitochondria perform (3 words). What element is required for this process? What organic compound is the primary starting material (reactant) for this process? What organic compound is the primary product? How do cells use this product, in general? Identify the forms of energy converted in this process? Why is the inner membrane folded? What important compounds are found in the matrix? Mitochondria Aerobic Cellular Respiration 9
Label the following on the diagram: outer membrane, inner membrane, thylakoid membrane, stroma. What green pigment is found in the thylakoid membrane? Identify the overall process that chloroplasts perform. What form of energy is required for this process. What inorganic compounds (reactants) are required for this process? What organic compound is the product and what form of energy does it contain? Why is the thylakoid membrane arranged into stacks of hollow disks? What important compounds are found in the stroma? Chloroplasts Photosynthesis 10
What two physical features does the cytoskeleton maintain? What cellular process involves the cytoskeleton? Differentiate between microfilaments Cell membrane and microtubules, including their; composing compound, physical characteristics, function in the cell, and locomotive structures. Cytoskeleton Endoplasmic reticulum Microtubule Microfilament Ribosomes Mitochondrion Support, transport, locomotion & cell division 11
Centrioles Based on this diagram, what cytoskeletal component also makes up centrioles? In what general area are centrioles fond in the cell? How many found together? What is their general function? They also function during what cellular process? Devise a mathematical equation that describes the structural arrangement of microtubules in one centriole? Microtubule organizing & cell division 12
This diagram represents a heterotrophic eukaryote. Label the diagram with BOTH structure & function. Animal Cell What characteristics and components identify this as an animal cell? (Compare and contrast plant and animal cells.) 13