Name Date Unit 1 Exam: Respiratory and Circulatory Systems Multiple Choice. Please make your best selection. 1. Respiration is the process of: (a) Sucking air into the lungs (b) Converting glucose into ATP by tissue cells (c) Blowing air out of the lungs (d) Gas exchange between two or more body compartments 2. Ventilation is the process of: (a) Gas exchange between one body compartment and another (b) Removing acid from the intestine (c) Blowing out stale air, and sucking in fresh air (d) Creating new pulmonary tissue via mitosis 3. The critical first event in human inspiration: (a) Collapse of the alveoli (b) Relaxation of the diaphragm muscle (c) Muscular constriction of the windpipe (d) Contraction of the diaphragm muscle 4. A person with normal lungs usually doesn t have to make a lot of effort to inspire more air, just after making an expiration. An important reason for this fact is that: (a) Each person usually has plenty of ATP to spare (b) The VC is so large that a regular expiration makes no difference in it (c) TLC = VC + RV
(d) The residual volume keeps the alveoli partially inflated at all times 5. A key linkage between CO 2 and blood acidity is the: (a) Carrying of oxygen by hemoglobin (b) Release of nitrogen from tissue cells during their metabolism (c) Combination of carbon dioxide with H 2 O in thousands of erythrocytes (d) Activation of acid-forming enzymes within blood leukocytes 6. In what direction does blood move during ventricular systole? (a) from atria to the veins (b) from the ventricles to the atria (c) from the atria to the ventricles (d) from the ventricles to the arteries 7. Fibrin is a protein that does which of the following? (a) transports oxygen (b) helps form a blood clot (c) destroys invading microorganisms (d) stimulates the production of antibodies 8. What is the relationship between salt intake and blood pressure? (a) as salt intakes increases, blood pressure increases (b) as salt intake increases, blood pressure decreases (c) salt intake of 20g per day results in stable blood pressure (d) salt intake of 30g per day results in stable blood pressure 9. The formed elements of blood include: (a) white blood cells (b) platelets (c) red blood cells (d) all of the above
10. The red blood cells have a shape. (a) spherical (b) biconcave (c) sickle (d) biconvex 11. The most abundant protein in red blood cells is: (a) hemoglobin (b) albumin (c) fibrinogen (d) immunoglobulin 12. The pulmonary circuit of the circulation carries blood from the heart to. (a) oxygenated; lungs (b) oxygenated; all tissues except the lungs (c) deoxygenated; lungs (d) deoxygenated; all tissues except the lungs 13. The common wall between the two atria of the heart is called the: (a) interatrial septum (b) interventricular sulcus (c) interatrial sulcus (d) interventricular septum 14. The pulmonary trunk branches into the right and left: (a) pulmonary arteries (b) pulmonary veins (c) coronary arteries (d) coronary veins 15. Contractions of the heart are coordinated by the cells that are part of the system of the heart.
(a) conducting; conducting (b) conducting; contractile (c) contractile; contractile (d) contractile; conducting 16. A primary function of the respiratory system is to: (a) defend against invasion by pathogens (b) provide a gas exchange surface (c) produce sound (d) control the body ph 17. The nasal cavity is designed to the incoming air. (a) humidify (b) filter (c) warm (d) all of the above 18. The vocal folds and glottis are found in the: (a) pharynx (b) larynx (c) bronchus (d) nasal cavity 19. The secondary bronchi provide air for the of the lung. (a) lobe (b) lobule (c) entirety (d) bronchopulmonary segment 20. The is the beginning of the respiratory portion of the respiratory tract. (a) respiratory bronchiole
(b) alveolar sac (c) alveolar duct (d) terminal bronchiole Short Answer. Please use complete sentences. 21. Describe the structure of the heart. The heart is surrounded by the pericardium and divided by the septum. Each side of the heart has an atrium and a ventricle. 22. How are arteries, veins, and capillaries related in their function? Nutrients and gases pass readily through the one-cell-thick walls of the capillaries. Arteries have muscles that help blood move along. Veins have valves that prevent blood from moving backward. 23. Identify the four main components of blood. The 4 main components of blood are plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. 24. Explain the process of gas exchange in the lungs. Oxygen diffuses from an area of higher concentration in the alveoli to an area of lower concentration in the blood. 25. What factors regulate the rate of breathing? An increased level of CO2 in the blood signals the brain to increase breathing rate. This helps bring more O2 into the lungs and helps reduce the level of CO2 in the blood.
26. Sequence the path oxygen travels from the environment into the blood. Oxygen moves into the mouth and/or nose, travels into the pharynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchioles and then alveoli, where it diffuses into the blood in the pulmonary capillaries. 27. Describe the movement of the diaphragm and the rib muscles during inspiration and expiration. During inspiration, the diaphragm flattens and the muscles pull the ribs up and out. During expiration, the diaphragm and the rib muscles relax. 28. What factor stimulates the brain stem to increase the breathing rate. High levels of carbon dioxide in the blood. 29. Distinguish between systolic pressure and diastolic pressure. Systolic pressure is caused by the contractions of the ventricles. Arterial walls maintain diastolic pressure when the ventricles relax. 30. What structure limits red blood cells hence, limiting their life spans? Red blood cells lack nuclei and cannot repair themselves. BONUS: What did you most enjoy about your discovery into the Respiratory and Circulatory Systems?? Making this weebly for you.