Chapter 4 A Tour of the Cell Name Date Period California State standard covered within this chapter: Cell Biology 1. The fundamental life processes of plants and animals depend on a variety of chemical reactions that occur in specialized areas of the organism's cells. As a basis for understanding this concept: a. Students know cells are enclosed within selectively permeable membranes that regulate their interaction with their surroundings. c. Students know how prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells (including those from plants and animals), and viruses differ in complexity and general structure. e. Students know the role of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus in the secretion of proteins. f. Students know usable energy is captured from sunlight by chloroplasts and is stored through the synthesis of sugar from carbon dioxide. g. Students know the role of the mitochondria in making stored chemical-bond energy available to cells by completing the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide. Read the appropriate section in the textbook before answering the following questions. You must put all answers and definitions in your own words for full credit. The Microscopic World of Cells 1. Describe how a light microscope works. 2. Describe how an electron microscope (EM) works. 3. What is the difference between a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a transmission electron microscope (TEM)? 4. magnification: 5. resolving power: Two Major Categories of Cells 6. How do prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells differ? (Must have at least 4 differences discussed) J. Haut. Pre-AP Biology, 2007
7. Identify the labeled structures of the prokaryotic cell below and describe their function. Function a. b. c. d e f d. e. f. a c b g g. 8. Identify the labeled structures of the following animal cell and describe their function. Function a. b a c d b. j l k e c. d. i f h g e. f. g. h. i. j. k. l.
9. Identify the labeled structures of the following plant cell.
12. Describe the structure of a phospholipid bilayer. 13. Scientists use the fluid mosaic model to describe the plasma membrane. Describe this model. 14. What is chromatin and where in the cell is it found? 15. Which organelles make up the endomembrane system? 16. secretory proteins: 17. Describe the synthesis, packaging, and release of a secretory protein by the rough ER. 18. What is the function of a contractile vacuole? 19. Describe the stroma and granum of a chloroplast. 20. What does photosynthesis accomplish? 21. What is cellular respiration? 22. What general function do the chloroplast and mitochondria have in common? How are their functions different? 23. The endosymbiosis theory explains that mitochondria and chloroplasts once existed as separate prokaryotic cells which were engulfed by larger prokaryotic cells. Over time the two formed a symbiotic (mutually beneficial) relationship. What evidence supports the theory that mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from free-floating prokaryotes?
24. cytoskeleton: 25. Describe the components of the cell s cytoskeleton. How could each be used in the cell? a. Microtubules: b. Filaments: 26. In some eukaryotic cells, specialized microtubules are used to control the movement of cilia and flagella. Describe the structural and functional differences between cilia and flagella. Review the nucleus and the various structures that make up the endomembrane system by matching each of the phrases on the right with a structure from the list on the left. Answers may be used more than once. A. nucleus B. transport vesicle C. central vacuole D. smooth ER E. lysosome F. Golgi apparatus G. rough ER H. ribosome 27. lipids manufactured here 28. small structures that makes protein 29. contains chromatin 30. sac of enzymes that digest things 31. carries secretions for export from cell 32. breaks down drugs and toxins in liver 33. makes cell membranes 34. cell control center 35. numerous ribosomes give it its name 36. ships products to plasma membrane, outside, or other organelles 37. may store water, needed chemicals, wastes, pigments in plant cell 38. buds off from Golgi apparatus 39. proteins made here for secretion from cell 40. nonmembranous organelle 41. takes in transport vesicles from ER and modifies their contents 42. digests food, wastes, foreign substances 43. surrounded by double layer of membrane with pores 44. how proteins, other substances get from ER to Golgi apparatus