High School Biology - Problem Drill 03: The Cell No. 1 of 10 1. Which of the following is NOT found in prokaryotic cells? #01 (A) Cell membrane (B) Ribosome (C) DNA (D) Nucleus (E) Plasmids Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have cell membranes. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have DNA. D. Correct! Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus. Prokaryotic cells have plasmids. Prokaryotic cells lack membrane organelles. They, as well as eukaryotic cells, have genetic material, a cell membrane, and ribosomes. They may have extra chromosomal DNA, called plasmids. The correct answer is (D).
No. 2 of 10 2. Which organelle is responsible for directing protein synthesis? #02 (A) Ribosome (B) Golgi apparatus (C) Mitochondria (D) Nucleus (E) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum A. Correct! Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis. They can be found free in the cytoplasm or complex on the endoplasmic reticulum in a eukaryotic cell. The Golgi Apparatus is called the post office because it tags and ships packages to their destinations. The mitochondrion is the powerhouse of the cell because it produces ATP for the cell s activities. The nucleus is the control center that holds all of cell s genetic information and makes decisions about cell needs. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum synthesizes carbohydrates and lipids. The following are the vital cell organelles and their roles: Nucleus: the control center Holds all of cell s genetic information Makes decisions about cell needs Ribosome: the factory Synthesizes proteins Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Edits and finalizes proteins made by ribosomes. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Synthesizes carbohydrates and lipids. Golgi Apparatus: the post office Tags and ships packages to their destinations Mitochondria: the powerhouse Produces ATP for the cell s activities. Lysosome: the recycling center. Recycles waste and foreign bacteria. The correct answer is (A).
No. 3 of 10 3. Which organelle helps protect the cell from bacterial infection? #03 (A) Nucleus (B) Mitochondria (C) Lysosome (D) Golgi Apparatus (E) Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum The nucleus is the control center. It holds all of the cell s genetic information and makes decisions about cell needs. The mitochondrion is the powerhouse because it produces ATP for the cell s activities. C. Correct! The lysosome is the recycling center because it recycles waste and foreign bacteria. The Golgi Apparatus is the post office because it tags and ships packages to their destinations. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum synthesizes carbohydrates and lipids. The following are the vital cell organelles and their roles: Nucleus: the control center Holds all of cell s genetic information Makes decisions about cell needs Ribosome: the factory Synthesizes proteins Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Edits and finalizes proteins made by ribosomes. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Synthesizes carbohydrates and lipids. Golgi Apparatus: the post office Tags and ships packages to their destinations Mitochondria: the powerhouse Produces ATP for the cell s activities. Lysosome: the recycling center. Recycles waste and foreign bacteria. The correct answer is (C).
No. 4 of 10 4. RNA is created using what kind of building blocks? #04 (A) Monosaccharides (B) Nucleotides (C) Fatty acids (D) Amino acids (E) Glycerol A carbohydrate is a polymer of monosaccharides. B. Correct! RNA is a type of nucleic acid and is made of nucleotides. Fatty acids make up lipids. Amino acids make up proteins. Glycerol is part of lipids. The building block of nucleic acids is the nucleotide. A nucleotide is composed of sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen-containing base. Examples of nucleotides are: DNA = control units of heredity RNA = transfers info from DNA ATP = cellular energy The correct answer is (B).
No. 5 of 10 5. If a cell is about to die, how might it alert surrounding cells? #05 (A) The dying cell produces a large amount of ATP. (B) The dying cell attacks surrounding cells with lysosomes. (C) The dying cell sends a signal using the proteins embedded in its cell membrane. (D) The dying cell accepts new nutrients using the proteins embedded in its cell membrane. (E) It does not alert its surrounding cells. A dying cell does not produce large amounts of ATP. The dying cell may be eaten and degraded by another cell s lysosome. C. Correct! The dying cell will send a signal to surrounding cells usually by proteins that are found on plasma membranes. The dying cell does not use new nutrients. The dying cell does alert the surrounding cells. As nutrients are depleted, the cells begin to die. As the cell dies, it produces less and less energy. The dead cells may be phagocytosed and degraded by another cell s lysosomes. Signals can be sent to neighboring cells by proteins that are embedded in the plasma membrane. The correct answer is (C).
No. 6 of 10 6. Which organelle is responsible for transporting proteins within the cell? #06 (A) Vacuole (B) Ribosome (C) Lysosome (D) Vesicle (E) Rough endoplasmic reticulum Vacuoles are used for storage in a cell. The ribosome is used for protein synthesis. Lysosome is used to digest and degrade things within the cell. D. Correct! Vesicle is used for transport. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum edits and finalizes proteins made by ribosomes. The following are the vital cell organelles and their roles: Nucleus: the control center Holds all of cell s genetic information Makes decisions about cell needs Ribosome: the factory Synthesizes proteins Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Edits and finalizes proteins made by ribosomes. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Synthesizes carbohydrates and lipids. Golgi Apparatus: the post office Tags and ships packages to their destinations Mitochondria: the power house Produces ATP for the cell s activities. Lysosome: the recycling center. Recycles waste and foreign bacteria. Vesicle: A minor organelle that carries cargo to and from the major organelles or cell membrane. The correct answer is (D).
No. 7 of 10 7. What are the two major subunits found in a eukaryote ribosome? #07 (A) 30S and 50S (B) 40S and 60S (C) 70S and 80S (D) 80S and 100S (E) 5S and 23S These are the subunits that make up the prokaryote ribosome. B. Correct! These are the subunits that make up the eukaryote ribosome. The whole ribosome for the prokaryote is 70S, and the whole ribosome for the eukaryote is 80S. There are no 80S and 100S ribosome subunits. These are the ribosome components that make up the 30S ribosome. The ribosome is the machine that coordinates the charged trna, mrna and proteins that are culminated in protein synthesis. A ribosome has two subunits: a large subunit (50s) and a small subunit (30S) in prokaryotes and a large subunit (60s) and small subunit (40s) in eukaryotes. These subunits can further be divided into smaller subunits made up of many different proteins and other RNA. The correct answer is (B).
No. 8 of 10 8. Which of the following is NOT a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? #08 (A) Lipid synthesis (B) Carbohydrate metabolism (C) Drug detoxification (D) Protein synthesis (E) All are functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for lipid synthesis. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for carbohydrate metabolism. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for drug detoxification. D. Correct! The ribosomes and the rough endoplasmic reticulum are responsible for protein synthesis. Of the choices listed below, one of them is not a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The following are the vital cell organelles and their roles: Nucleus: the control center Holds all of cell s genetic information Makes decisions about cell needs Ribosome: the factory Synthesizes proteins Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Edits and finalizes proteins made by ribosomes. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Synthesizes carbohydrates and lipids. Golgi Apparatus: the post office Tags and ships packages to their destinations Mitochondria: the powerhouse Produces ATP for the cell s activities. Lysosome: the recycling center. Recycles waste and foreign bacteria. The correct answer is (D).
No. 9 of 10 9. Which organelle is important for cellular respiration? #09 (A) Nucleus (B) Mitochondrion (C) Lysosome (D) Ribosome (E) Golgi apparatus The nucleus is the control center. It holds all of the cell s genetic information and makes decisions about cell needs. B. Correct! Mitochondria are the powerhouse because they produce ATP for the cell s activities. The lysosome is the recycling center because it recycles waste and foreign bacteria. The ribosome is the factory because it synthesizes proteins. The Golgi Apparatus is the post office because it tags and ships packages to their destinations. The following are the vital cell organelles and their roles: Nucleus: the control center Holds all of cell s genetic information Makes decisions about cell needs Ribosome: the factory Synthesizes proteins Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Edits and finalizes proteins made by ribosomes. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Synthesizes carbohydrates and lipids. Golgi Apparatus: the post office Tags and ships packages to their destinations Mitochondria: the powerhouse Produces ATP for the cell s activities. Lysosome: the recycling center. Recycles waste and foreign bacteria. The correct answer is (B).
No. 10 of 10 10. Which of the following make up the cell membrane? #10 (A) Phospholipids (B) Protein (C) DNA (D) RNA (E) A & B Phospholipids are found in the membrane, but they are not the only components listed here. Proteins are found in the membrane, but they are not the only components listed here. DNA is not a chief component of the cell membrane. RNA is not a chief component of the cell membrane. E. Correct! Both phospholipids and proteins are found in the membrane. The plasma membrane is a lipid bilayer made of phospholipids. The membrane has protein embedded in the membrane. There is transport, recognition and receptor proteins found in the membrane, which serve a variety of functions for the cell. The membrane is called a fluid mosaic because it contains a variety of components that are arranged as a mosaic. The correct answer is (E).