Effect of Field Pe Replcement nd Yucc schidiger extrct on wening trnsition growth nd feedlot performnce D.G. Lndblom 1 nd J. Pennington 2 1 Dickinson Reserch Extension Center, Dickinson, ND 2 Dickinson Stte University, Dickinson, ND Summry The ddition of Yucc schidiger () extrct to field pe/fiber-bsed wening trnsition diets ws conducted to determine the potentil effect on wening growth, feedlot performnce, nd crcss chrcteristics. Steroidl sponins found in extrct hs been shown to lter rumen function creting potentil for improved mmoni utiliztion leding to subsequent improvement in microbil protein flow to the smll intestine. Steer clves, erly wened in mid-september nd verging 450 pounds, were used in the investigtion. Wening performnce cross ll tretments evluted ws excellent nd no sttisticl differences were identified. There ws trend towrd improved growth nd rte of gin when pes were fed lone (P=.12). Non-significnt ADG ws 3.08, 3.16, 3.25, nd 3.0 lbs./hed for the, respectively. Feed to gin efficiency ws 3.92, 3.87, 3.78, nd 4.20 pounds/pound of gin for the C, Y, P nd Y+P, respectively. On verge, steers in the investigtion gined 131.2 pounds in the 42-dy conditioning period t feed cost of $16.58/cwt. Finishing growth performnce nd crcss mesurement comprisons cross tretments were very similr. Numericl differences were detected, however, none of the criteri mesured differed significntly. There ws tendency for steers tht received extrct during the 42d receiving/trnsitioning period to hve improved feed efficiency (P=.11). Feed efficiency mesured ws 5.63, 5.42, 5.51 nd 5.36 lbs. of feed per pound of gin for the C, Y, P nd Y+P, respectively. Among crcss mesurements there ws positive rib eye re (REA) response following feeding of extrct during the 42d receiving/trnsitioning period. Rib eye re mesured ws 11.94, 12.42, 11.41 nd 11.91 sq. in. for the C, Y, P nd Y+P, respectively. With respect to crcss choice grde, steers tht were fed either the C or Y+P trnsitioning supplements hd the highest number of choice grding crcsses (67%). Supplements with either extrct or pes lone resulted in lower finl crcss grde thn either the C or Y+P supplements. Compred to the group receiving 15% pe replcement, feeding 15% pe plus extrct resulted in 11% more crcsses grding choice. Introduction Previous reserch with wening trnsition diets t this center, in which field pes were used to replce portion of fiber-bsed ingredients, hs shown trend towrd improved crcss qulity grde when trnsition diets included 20% field pe (Lndblom et l. 2003)., contins group of compounds identified s steroidl sponins, which hve surfce ctive properties nd mmoni binding cpbility. In the the recent pst, reserchers hve been interested in the use of extrct in livestock production pplictions. Appliction of extrct in high grin diets hs improved rte of gin (Goodll et l.,1982). In other studies, extrct ws shown to decrese ruminl mmoni concentrtion, increse propionte concentrtion, improve orgnic mtter digestibility, nd in some instnces improve niml performnce (Grobner et l., 1982; Goetsch nd Owens, 1985; Hristov et l., 1999; Hussin nd Cheeke, 1995; Vldez et l., 1986; Wu et l., 1994). Hristov et l., (1999) ws ble to demonstrte tht the ntiprotozol ctivity of yucc sponins could serve s n effective defunting gent without compromising dry mtter digestibility. Their work suggested tht the inclusion of extrct in higher protein diets my improve mmoni utiliztion in the rumen nd, by reducing rumen protozon popultions, microbil protein flow to the smll intestine my lso improve. Other reserch hs shown erly ppliction of dietry energy in short term, 6 week, wening trnsition nd receiving clf diets hs resulted in effective improvement in beef crcss qulity (Drouillrd et l., 2002; Frrn et l., 2002). The purpose of the present preliminry investigtion is to determine whether the ddition of extrct will improve short-term wening trnsition nd subsequent finishing performnce. Procedures Seventy-two crossbred steers were llotted to one of four tretments, with three pen replictes per 248
tretment, in completely rndomized design. In the design, pen served s the experimentl unit. Ingredient composition nd inclusion level for ech of the test supplements is shown in Tble 1. In the formultion, field pes replced either 0 or 15% of fiber-bsed ingredients. extrct ws dded to hlf of the supplements to provide for 35mg/lb of finished feed. The supplements, therefore, were 0% Pe nd (C), 15% Pe (P), 35mg (Y) nd 15% Pe + 35mg (P+Y). Diets fed were complete pelleted formultions tht replced chopped hy on dily bsis until 50% or more of the clves intke ws from the test supplements. Steers nd residul feed in bunks were weighed weekly during the 6 week postwening trnsition period. Weekly feed residue ws removed nd not refed. Steers were weighted on two consecutive dys t the strt nd end of the study to determine initil nd finl weight. At the end of the 42-dy trnsitioning period, ll steers were shipped to Dectur County Feed Yrd, Oberlin, Knss, where Microbeef Technologies electronic cttle mngement (ECM) system is utilized to determine finishing end point nd finl hrvest. Results Seventy-two crossbred steer clves verging 185d nd weighing 450 pounds were erly wened nd offered fiber-bsed wening supplements tht contined either 15% pe replcement, extrct, or combintion of 15% field pes nd Yucc s. extrct to evlute 42d effectiveness of the supplements when trnsitioning clves from ntive psture to commercil feed yrd environment. Supplement composition is shown in Tble 1 nd 42d trnsitioning response to the experimentl supplements is shown in Tble 2. Steer growth performnce cross tretments, mong the erly wened clves, ws excellent tending to fvor the inclusion of extrct without pes in the Y tretment. Numericl, non significnt, differences for verge dily gin (P=.12) were 3.08, 3.16, 3.25, nd 3.0 pounds per dy for C, P, Y nd P+Y, respectively. No differences were mesured for feed intke (P=.50) or feed efficiency (P=.50). Feed cost per hed (P=.70)nd feed cost per pound of gin (P=.70) did not differ nd were nerly identicl cross tretments. Upon completion of the 42d trnsitioning period, the steers were trnsported to Dectur County Feed Yrd, Oberlin, Knss where they were fed to finl hrvest. Finishing growth performnce nd crcss mesurement comprisons re shown in Tble 3. Numericl differences were detected between tretments for finishing performnce nd crcss mesurements, however, none of the criteri mesured differed significntly. There ws tendency for steers tht received extrct during the 42d receiving/trnsitioning period to hve improved feed efficiency. Feed efficiency mesured ws 5.63, 5.42, 5.51 nd 5.36 lbs. of feed per pound of gin for the C, Y, P nd Y+P, respectively. Crcss mesurements, s shown in Tble 3, were not different for most crcss chrcteristics evluted. There ws, however, positive rib eye re (REA) response following feeding of extrct during the 42d receiving/trnsitioning period. Rib eye re mesured ws 11.94, 12.42, 11.41 nd 11.91 sq. in. for the C, Y, P nd Y+P, respectively. There ws no difference in the number of choice grding crcsses between the C nd Y+P groups. Compred to steers tht received 15% pe replcement for fiber-bsed ingredients, feeding 15% pes plus 35mg/lb. of Yucc s. extrct resulted in 11% more steers grding choice. Literture Cited Drouillrd, J.S., E.J. Good, C.M. Gordon, T.J. Kessen, J.J. Sulpizio, S.P. Montgomery, nd J.J. Sindt. 2002. Flxseed nd flxseed products for cttle: effects on helth, growth performnce, crcss qulity, nd sensory ttributes. Proceedings of the 59 th Annul Flx Institute of the United Sttes, North Dkot Stte University, Frgo, ND. Frrn, T.B., J.S. Drouillrd, D.A. Blsi, M.F. spire, J.J. Sindt, S.P. Montgomery, C.M. Coetzer, H.J. LBrune, J.E. Minton, J.J. Higgins, nd T.H. Elssser. 2002. Immune response in feeder cttle fed different sources of lipid. Proceedings of the 2002 Knss Stte University Cttlemen s Dy, pp. 5-9. Goetsch, A.L. nd F.N. Owens. 1985. Effects of srponin on digestion nd pssge rtes in cttle fed medium to low concentrte. J. Diry Sci 68:2377-2384. Goodll, S.R., P. Brddy, D. Horton, nd B. Beckner. 1982. Stem flked versus high moisture corn rtions with nd without srsponin for finishing steers. In Proc. West. Sect. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci. 33:45-46. Grobner, M.A., D.E. Johnson, S.R. Goodll, nd D.A. Benz. 1982. Srsponin effects on in vitro continuous flow fermenttion of high grin diet. In: Proc. West. Sect. Am Soc Anim. Sci. 33:64-65. 249
Hristov, A.N., T.A. McAllister, F.H. Vn Herk, K.J. Cheng, C.J. Newbold, nd P.R. Chse. 1999. Effect of Yucc schidiger on ruminl fermenttion nd nutrient digestion in heifers. J. Anim. Sci.Vol. 77:2554-2563. Hussin, I. nd P.R. Cheeke. 1995. Effect of dietry Yucc schidiger extrct on rumen nd blood profiles of steers fed concentrte- or roughge-bsed diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 51:231-242. Lndblom, D.G., D.K. Olson, W.W. Polnd, K. Helmuth, nd G.P. Lrdy. 2003. Field pes s n ingredient in clf wening trnsition diets. Interim Progress Report. In 2003 Dickinson Reserch Extension Center Annul Report. Vldez, R.R., L.J. Bush, A.L. Goetsch, nd F.N. Owens. 1986. Effect of steroidl spogenins on ruminl fermenttion nd on production of lctting diry cows. J. Diry Sci. 69:1568-1575. 250
Tble 1. Experimentl supplement formultion nd clculted nlysis. C ontrol 0% Pe + Yucc 15% Pe 15% Pe + Yucc Corn 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Pes 0.0 0.0 15.0 15.0 Soyhulls 39.421 39.421 37.656 37.656 Whet Midds 24.56 24.56 18.818 18.818 Brley Mlt Sprouts 20.0 20.0 12.5 12.5 Molsses 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 Limestone 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 Dicl 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Slt 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Yucc schidiger Extrct 0.0 TM Premix 0.075 0.075 0.075 0.075 Vitmin A & D Premix 0.025 0.025 0.025 0.025 Decoquinte 0.0269 0.0269 0.0269 0.0269 Totl 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Anlysis, % Crude Protein 16.5 16.5 16.2 16.2 TDN 69.3 69.3 69.9 69.9 C. Fiber 18.0 18.0 17.9 17.9 Ft 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 Degrdble Protein 71.4 71.4 72.0 72.0 Nem, Mcl/lb..73.73.74.74 Neg, Mcl/lb..46.46.47.47 Yucc schidiger extrcted inclusion ws 35mg/lb of finished feed. 0.0 251
Tble 2. Field pe wening trnsition diets with nd without Yucc schidiger extrct. 0% Pe 0% Pe+ 15% Pe 15% Pe+ P-Vlue Growth: No. Steers 18 18 17 18 Dys Fed 42 42 42 42 Strt Wt., lb. 453.4 445.8 461.9 443.2 End Wt., lb. 583.8 582.2 594.8 569.2 Gin, lb. 129.7 136.43 132.9 126.0 0.12 ADG, lb. 3.08 3.25 3.16 3.0 0.12 Intke, Effic., & Cost: Fd/Hd, lb. 507.3 515.0 514.0 528.6 0.50 Fd/Hd/D, lb. 12.07 12.30 12.25 12.60 0.50 Feed:Gin 3.92 3.78 3.87 4.20 0.50 Fd Cost/Hd, $ 21.67 22.08 22.01 21.24 0.70 Fd Cost/Cwt Gin, $ 16.70 16.18 16.56 16.86 0.70 One steer died. 252
Tble 3. Finishing performnce nd crcss mesurements following 42d trnsition with nd without field pes nd Yucc schidiger extrct. Finishing Performnce: 0% Pe 0% Pe+ 15% Pe 15% Pe+ Receiving Wt., lb. 574.9 570.8 586.5 565.4 0.78 Hrvest Wt., lb. 1174.3 1172.2 1198.3 1167.0 0.82 Dys on Feed 175.9 184.2 190.3 184.2 0.60 Gin, lb. 599.4 601.4 611.8 601.6 ADG, lb. 3.39 3.27 3.21 3.29 0.43 F:G 5.63 5.42 5.51 5.36 0.11 Crcss Mesurements: Hot Crcss Wt., lb. 727.6 728.1 748.7 730.4 0.77 REA, sq. in. 11.94 12.42 11.41 11.91 0.10 YG 3.34 3.18 3.37 3.26 0.64 QG 3,28 6.33 3.95 3.50 0.19 Percent Choice, % 67 61 56 67 P-Vlue 253