Dr Kirsten Herbert. Dr Melita Kenealy. MBBS(Hons) FRCPA FRACP. Common Blood Tests

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1 Common Blood Tests Your Haematologist may order numerous blood and urine tests to help diagse or manage your condition. Listed below are some of the more common tests that can be ordered in a haematology practice. For more inmation on these or any other tests, we highly recommend Activated protein C APCR A test the resistance n inherited tendency to m blood clots (a Antibody screen To detect any antibodies to blood group or red cells, part of preparation a possible transfusion of blood products Anti-dsDNA To diagse and monitor systemic lupus erythematosis Antinuclear antibody ANA To screen certain autoimmune disorders Antiphospholipid antibodies APL, APS antibodies To investigate blood clots, recurrent miscarriage, to evaluate the reason an abrmal APTT test, to investigate clotting disorders Expires after 72 hours so needs to be done within 72 hours of a transfusion ne Antithrombin III ATIII A test the tendency to m To help diagse antithrombin deficiency

2 APTT, INR A test of blood clotting Beta-2 Glycoprotein antib2gp1, To investigate antibodies B2GP1 inappropriate blood clot mation, recurrent miscarriage, evaluation possible antiphospholipid antibody syndrome Beta-2 microglobulin B2M A blood marker that is increased in some blood cancers Blood cultures BC To check infection in the blood stream Blood film film A manual examination of the appearance of the blood cells. Size, shape and number of cells is ted Blood group testing ABO &RhD To determine your blood group in advance of a possible blood product transfusion C reactive protein CRP To look markers of infection or inflammation ne ne Permed by a scientist with a microscope ne Calcium, magnesium, phosphate CMP these important electolytes in the blood D-dimer DD To look signs of abrmal clotting such as deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolus or disseminated intravascular coagulation The ionized calcium can be a more accurate measure of calcium Often permed with other tests of coagulation such as aptt and INR/PT Anticoagulants can cause a false negative DD

3 electrophoresis SEPG, UEPG, To check IEPG abrmal proteins in the blood (SEPG) or urine (UEPG) and to check the type of protein (IEPG) Urine EPG is often a 24 hour collection of urine erythropoietin Epo To look causes of anaemia, and to differentiate between causes of abrmally high haemoglobin ESR To detect signs of inflammation or infection. Also elevated in some blood cancers Factor V Leiden Factor V Leiden FVL Thrombophilia screen FVL, activated Protein C resistance, APCR A test the n inherited tendency to m blood clots (a To detect the genetic tendency to clot (thrombophilia) Useful in the diagsis and monitoring of myeloma May be used to determine eligibility treatment with Epo in the context of renal impairment or myelodysplasia Can be done whilst on warfarin or other anticoagulation Flow cytometry, immuphetyping PB flow, BM flow, CSF flow Detects the presence of abrmal populations of cells using their molecular signature Free Light Chains FLC See serum free light chains Full blood FBE measures amount examination of red cells, white cells and platelets. Some features of red cell size and shape Can be taken from blood, bone marrow or cerebrospinal fluid Measured by an automated machine

4 Hepatitis A, B or C HAV, HBV, To detect the serology HCV ctive infection, subacute infection, or immunity to hepatitis A, B or C Herpes serology HCV To detect the presence of the herpes virus HIV serology HIV To detect the presence of the HIV virus HLA testing HLA To identify which HLA genes and antigens a person has inherited. Enables matching of dors to recipients in organ transplantation immufixation IEPG, IF Identifies what subtype of abrmal protein is present Vital bee any treatment which may suppress the immune system Vital bee any treatment which may suppress the immune system Vital bee any treatment which may suppress the immune system Usually a blood sample drawn from your arm. Occasionally a swab taken from inside your cheek. Immuglobulins Influenza testing Igs, quantitative Igs To measure levels of antibodies and detect deficiencies which may predispose to infections and other diseases. Detects the presence of the influenza virus Iron studies Fe studies To check presence of low iron levels or excessively high iron levels Usually a se or throat swab Useful in the diagsis of anaemia. Useful in the diagsis and monitoring of iron overload such as in haemochromatosis, or multiple blood transfusions

5 Lactate LDH An enzyme that is dehydrogenase elevated in numerous diseases including blood cancers, liver disease, infection Liver function tests LFTs liver enzymes, indicators of jaundice (bilirubin) and liver synthetic function (albumin) Lupus anticoagulant LA A test the tendency to m Lupus Anticoagulant LA To evaluate a prolonged aptt or an event of thrombosis, or recurrent latetrimester pregnancy loss Can be a useful marker the activity or aggressiveness of a disease Not used in the diagsis of lupus itself Platelet Function Assay PFA100 Used to investigate prolonged bleeding or easy bruising Protein C Prot C A test the tendency to m Protein S Prot S A test the tendency to m Test is affected by antiplatelet agents such as aspirin, antiinflammatory agents and some herbal medications. Test is also affected if the patient is very anaemic Must t be on warfarin Must t be on warfarin Discuss all medications with your doctor prior to having this test.

6 Prothrombin gene mutation Serum electophoresis Serum free light chains Prothrombin gene 20210A Thrombophilia screen SEPG SFLC, FLC A test the n inherited tendency to m blood clots (a proteins in the serum Detects and measures levels of abrmal serum proteins (paraproteins) small fragments of paraproteins called free light chains Urea, electrolytes, creatinine UEC, U&E important salts or electrolytes in the blood such as sodium, potassium Measures kidney function via the urea and creatinine Urine electrophoresis UEPG proteins in the urine Detects and measures levels of abrmal serum proteins (paraproteins) and fragments of paraproteins (Bence Jones Proteins) Measured by an automated machine May be done as a spot urine test or as part of a 24-hour urine collection which determines the rate of abrmal protein excretion in the urine)

7 Vitamin B12, folate B12 Folate To investigate causes of certain anaemias, and some nerve disorders Fasting 6 hours prior to folate assay