Harmful. Contaminated food. Microorganisms causing disease. Skills you will learn: o Using the microscope. o Growing bacteria. o Observing.

Transcription

1 Harmful Contaminated food Microorganisms causing disease Skills you will learn: o Using the microscope. o Growing bacteria o Observing. By the end of this unit you should: Know that, if left unprotected food, can cause human disease. Know that some microorganisms can cause disease Know that regular wash and food hygiene can reduce the risk of being sick. 1

2 Curriculum standards: 10.1 ذثك م ا ص ن أ كح ك ٣ ي familiar? Do these pictures look شاغ Activity: ذؽراض إ ٠ need: You will هطؼر ٤ ا فثى - 2 pieces of toast bread ٤ لهؽ ا اء bag. - One airtight صؽ تؼط ا اء water. - A plate and some غه ٣ وح ا ؼ Procedure: ت هطؼر ٢ ا فثى bread. 1. Moisten the 2 pieces of 2. Place one of them in the airtight bag and make sure to secure the ظغ إؼك ا وطؼر ٤ ا فثى ت ٤ لهؽ inside. bag so that no air can enter 3. Place the second on a plate and leave in open air. ا اء ذأ ك ػك ق ا اء تراذا. ظغ هطؼح ا فثى ا صا ٤ ح ك ٢ ا صؽ ػهظ ا اء 4. Leave the 2 pieces of bread for a few days. اذهى ا وطؼر ٤ ؼكج أ ٣ ا 5. Record your observations on the change of appearance. 2

3 ع الؼظاذي ػ ٠ ا ر ٤ ه ك ٢ ا ظ ه وطؼر ٤ الا ذر هغ أ ٣ ؽكز happen? What do you expect will What is the factor that you changed in this experiment? ا ا ؼا ا م ١ ؿ ٤ هذ ك ٢ م ا رعهتح ا ا م ١ ٣ عة آ ذؼ ٤ ارثانى test? What should you do to make it a fair ارثانا ػاقال What happened to the bread? Can you still eat it? الا ؼكز فثى او د ذ رط ٤ غ أ ذأ In the 19 th Century Louis Pasteur showed that microbes made food go bad. ك ٢ ا وه ا را غ ػشه أظ ه ا ؼا ٣ تا د ١ ن أ ا ٤ ه تاخ ذل ك ا طؼا. Microbes (micro organisms) are living things that are too small to be seen by naked eye. ا ٤ ه تاخ ( ا ائ اخ ا كه ٤ وح ) ائ اخ ؼ ٤ ص ٤ ه ظكا ال ٣ نؤ ٣ ر ا تا ؼ ٤ ا عهقج. ا ث ر ٤ ه ٣ ا, ا ل ٤ ه اخ,ا لطه ٣ اخ ا microbes. Bacteria, Viruses and Fungi are all ٤ ه تاخ, ذؽ ٤ ػ ت ا, ظ قج ف ١ غؼا ا, ك ٢ أظ ا ا. Microbes are all around us, they are in our, food, and our bodies. viruses bacteria Fungi If left unprotected, the food will be spoiled by microorganisms that grow on it. 3

4 Mould on bread is caused by fungi. إلا ذط ٢ ا طؼا ٣ أ ٣ ل ك ا ائ اخ ا كه ٤ وح ا ر ٢ ذ ػ ٤. Mould grows on, milk, bread, fruits, cheeses etc. ا ؼل ػ ٠ ا فثى ذ ثث ا لطه ٣ اخ. ا ؼل ٣ ػ ٠, ا ؽ ٤ ة ا فثى, ا ل ا, االظثا ا ؿ Once the food is spoiled it is not safe to eat it any more. It can cause disease. ػ ك ا ٣ ل ك ا طؼا ٣ ؿ ٤ ه ا أل تؼك اال ٣ أ ٣ ثة األ هاض. You can get sick if you eat undercooked food. It is called food poisoning. ٣ أ ذصاب تا هض إلا أ د غؼا ؿ ٤ ه طث ؾ ظ ٤ كا ٠ ٣ ا ر ا مائ ٢. األػهاض ا ر ٢ ذشؼه ت ا are: The symptoms you will feel headache, stomach pain, diarrhea and fever. ا صكاع, ا ك ٢ ا ؼكج, اإل ا ا ؽ ٠. Food poisoning is caused by another type of microorganisms; it is caused by Bacteria. If unprotected food can cause human illness األغؼ ح ا ٤ ه طاج هك ذ ثة ا هض ال ا. The fact that the microbes are invisible does not mean they don t exist. ا ؽو ٤ وح ا ا ٤ ه تاخ ؿ ٤ ه هئ ٣ ال ٣ ؼ ٢ ما ا ٤ ا ظ ق. 4

5 One of the major sources of microbes causing food poisoning is leaving food inside a tin can after you open it. اؼك األ ثاب ا هئ ٤ ٤ ح ر ا مائ ٢ ػ غه ٣ ن ا ٤ ه تاخ ذهى ا طؼا قا ا ؼ ة ا ؼك ٤ ح تؼك كرؽ ا. A kind of bacteria that produces very strong poisonous toxins will grow in the tin can. نوع من البكتيريا قويه جدا تنتج داخل العلب المعدنية. Eating contaminated food will cause food poisoning.be careful you should always empty the remaining contents of an opened tin can in a glass jar or a plastic box and keep it in the refrigerator. ا رث ػ ٤ ي ق ا ذله ٣ ؾ تاه ٢ ا طؼا ا ؼ ة ا ؼك ٤ ح تؼك كرؽ ا ك ٢ ػ ة وظاظ ٤ أ تال ر ٤ ٤ ظؼ ك ٢ ا صالظح. Key words: Microorganisms ا ائ اخ ا كه ٤ وح ا ٤ ه تاخ Microbes شه ع Project: Why do food factories write the production date and expiry date on their products? الا ذو صا غ األؿم ٣ ح ت راتح ذان ٣ ؿ ا ص غ ذان ٣ ؿ اال ر اء ػ ٠ رعاذ Key idea: If left unprotected, food can go bad. إلا ا ا طؼا ؿ ٤ ه ط ٠ ٣ ا ٣ ل ك. Microorganisms in the air, water and food that we eat are responsible for damaging the food. ا ائ اخ ا كه ٤ وح ظ قج ك ٢ ا اء, ا اء, ا طؼا. 5

6 Key questions: List two types of microorganisms: ال ه ػ ٤٤ ا ائ اخ ا كه ٤ وح :.,.. Define microorganisms: ػهف ا ائ اخ ا كه ٤ وح : Look for three ways to reduce the effect of microorganisms on food: اتؽس ػ شالز غهم رو ٤ ذأش ٤ ه ا ائ اخ ا كه ٤ وح ك ٢ ا طؼا :

7 Curriculum standards: 10.2, 10.3 Some microorganisms cause disease. تؼط ا ائ اخ ا كه ٤ وح ذ ثة األ هاض. Robert Koch, was able to prove that diseases such as tuberculosis were caused by microbes. It was not until the discovery of the microscope that the scientists were able to see bacteria. ن تهخ ى اشثد أ األ هاض ص هض ا ٣ أ ما ا ا ٤ صثد إال ذ ثث ا ا عهاش ٤. تؼك ا رشاف ا ع ه ا م ١ ا ؼ اء نؤ ٣ ح ا ث ر ٤ ه ٣ ا. In order to infect us, microbes should enter our bodies: ا ائ اخ ا كه ٤ وح ذك ا ع ػ غه ٣ ن through: Microbes get inside your body ا طؼا ا اء ا ز. water. 1. infected food and ػع ا ؽشهاخ bites. 2. insect 7

8 الجروح wounds infected people sneezing without 5. covering their mouth/ األشفاص ا صات تا ى ا,ال ٣ ط أك ا..6 What can we do to reduce the risk of getting sick? أ الا ٣ ا لؼ رو ٤ ا فطه اإلصاتح تاأل هاض ا ظاكح ا ع ٤ كج طؼا hygiene: 1. good food a. Washing the fruits and vegetables carefully before eating them ؿ ا ل ا ا فعه اخ ظ ٤ كا هث األ. b. Covering food to keep the flies away. ذط ٤ ا طؼا إلتؼاق ا ؽشهاخ تؼ ٤ كا ػ األ. c. Cooking the food properly to kill bacteria. Especially frozen غثؿ ا طؼا ظ ٤ كا ور ا ث ر ٤ ه ٣ ا ص صا ا طؼا ا ص ط. food. d. Keeping the food in the fridge, and not mixing raw food with ظغ ا طؼا ك ٢ ا صالظح, ػك ػ ا طؼا ؿ ٤ ه ا اظط غ ا طث ؾ food. cooked شهب ا اء ا ظ ٤ ق water. e. Drinking clean 8

9 ا ظاكح ا شفص ٤ ح ا ع ٤ كج hygiene: 2. Good personal ذط ٤ ا ل ػ ق ا ػ أ ا ؼط. sneeze a. Covering your mouth when you اال رؽ ا تا رظا showers. b. Regular ذ ظ ٤ ق األ ا تا رظا regularly. c. Brushing your teeth ؿ ا عه غ ظ ٤ كا. wounds. d. Carefully washing the cuts and اؿ ا ٤ ك ٣ ظ ٤ كا هث األ e. Always washing your hands before you eat f. Always wash your hands after going to the bath room. اؿ ٣ ك ٣ ي قائ ا تؼك ا فه ض ا ؽ ا. ا عك ا را ٢ ٣ ث ٤ تؼط األ هاض ا شائؼح أ ثات ا أػهاظ ا The following table shows some common illnesses that are caused by microorganisms: Illness ا هض Microorganism ا ائ اخ ا كه ٤ وح Symptoms األػهاض نشػ األ ق nose. Runny ك ٤ ه ي Virus األ ل ىا Influenza ا ؽصثح Measles Food poisoning ا ر ا مائ ٢ Sore throat اؼروا ك ٢ ا ؽ ن ك ٤ ه ي Virus Salmonella ت ر ٤ ه ٣ ا ا ٤ ال Bacteria ت ر ٤ ه ٣ ا Bacteria Fever, rash, cold like symptoms ا ؽ ٠,غلػ ظ ك ١, أػهاض ص ا ثهق. Stomach pain, diarrhea. ا ك ٢ ا ثط, اإل ا. اؼروا ك ٢ ا ؽ ن throat. Sore 9

10 Key ideas: Some microorganisms cause disease. تؼط ا ائ اخ ا كه ٤ وح ذ ثة األ هاض. Regular washing and good hygiene can reduce the risk of illness. اال رؽ ا تا رظا ا ظاكح ا ع ٤ كج ٣ و ا فطه االصات تاأل هاض. Key questions: Microbes are. That causes disease. ا ٤ ه تاخ ٢ ذ ثة األ هاض. Human diseases are caused by fungi,.. and. األ هاض ا ر ٢ ذص ٤ ة اإل ا ثث ا ا لطه ٣ اخ, List three ways to protect yourself from microorganisms. ' ال ه شالز غهم ؽ ا ٣ ح ل ي ا ائ اخ ا كه ٤ وح : Look in the internet and the library to find out more about vaccination. اتؽس ك ٢ اال ره د أ ا رثح ثؽس أ صه ػ ا رطؼ ٤ :- 10