FIQH of WORSHIP SERIES

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1 FIQH of WORSHIP SERIES HAMOOD ALEEM FIQ110 - Fiqh of Purification (Tahārah) An online course by Rayyan Institute Part of the Rayyan Institute curriculum

2 GHUSL FIQ110 FIQH OF WORSHIP I (PURIFICATION)

3 GHUSL IN THE QUR AN و إ ن ك نت م ج ن ب ا ف اط ه ر وا And if you are in a state of janabah, then purify yourselves. Qur an 5:6 FIQ110 - Notes 1. Ghusl is from washing and it means to wash the entire body. 2. In the Shari ah (Islamic Law), it means to wash the entire body with pure water in a specific manner for the purpose of worshiping Allah Most High. 3. The word ف اط ه ر وا is a form of mubalaghah (for exaggerated emphasis) to convey that janabah can only be removed through ghusl, the ritual (or purificatory) bath. 4. What is janabah? Janabah is a state, i.e., the state of major ritual impurity.

4 GHUSL IN THE HADITH ع ن ع ائ ش ة ز و ج الن ب ي صل ى اهلل عليه وسلم أ ن الن ب ي ص ل ى اهلل ع ل ي ه و س ل م : ك ان إ ذ ا اغ ت س ل م ن اجل ن اب ة ب د أ ف غ س ل ي د ي ه ث م ي ت و ض أ ك م ا ي ت و ض أ ل لص ال ة ث م ي د خ ل أ ص اب ع ه ف ي امل اء ف ي خ ل ل ب ه ا أ ص ول ش ع ر ه ث م ي ص ب ع ل ى ر أ س ه ث ال ث غ ر ف ب ي د ي ه ث م ي ف يض امل اء ع ل ى ج ل د ه ك ل ه took a bath to exit janabah, A ishah (ra) narrated: ﷺ Whenever the Prophet he would begin by washing his hands and would perform wudu like his wudu for salat. He would then enter his fingers into the water and massage the roots of his hair. He would then pour three handfuls of water on his head and would then pour water over his entire body. Sahih Bukhari This is one of the several hadith on the subject of ghusl. Other hadith, such as the one by Maymunah (ra) in which she describes additional things the Prophet (Allah bless him and grant him peace) did in ghusl such as delaying the washing of his feet until the end.

5 METHOD OF GHUSL ACCORDING TO THE SUNNAH 3. Perform wudu 2. Perform Is#nja (washing of private parts) and remove filth from body 1. Wash both hands 5. Pour water over enmre body 4. Pour water thrice on the head 1. Even though the ghusl as performed by our Prophet (Allah bless him and grant him peace) is highly rewarding, if one simply fulfilled the obligations of ghusl, one s ghusl will count allowing one to exit the state of janabah for example. 2. Another thing to remember is that the Prophet (Allah bless him and grant him peace) did not use much water for ghusl. Therefore, it is important to be mindful of israf (wastage) of water, especially in a shower. 3. The method to pour water over the body is to pour it over the right shoulder thrice then over the left shoulder thrice. To begin with the right (i.e. tayāmun) is always sunnah.

6 ACTIONS OF GHUSL FOUR TYPES Actions of Ghusl Farā id Obligatory Actions of Ghusl Sunnahs Sunnah Actions of Ghusl Ādāb Mustahabb Actions Etiquette of Ghusl Makrūhāt Disliked Actions of Ghusl

7 OBLIGATORY ACTS OF GHUSL THE FARA ID Ghusl is from washing and it means to wash the entire body. In the Shari ah (Islamic Law), it means to wash the entire body with pure water in a specific manner for the purpose of worshiping Allah Most High. Three things are obligatory in ghusl: 1. Rinsing the mouth 2. Rinsing the nose 3. Washing the entire body Entire mouth once Up to the soft bone once Once 1. Ensure water reaches the entire body by using the hands to rub 2. Niyyah (intention) is not required in ghusl (just like wudu) 3. Even if a minutely small portion remains dry, ghusl will not count. Similarly if one forget to rinse the mouth or nose, ghusl will not count. 4. If one forgets to wash a certain portion of the body or forgets to rinse the mouth or nose, and remembers it later, one may perform that action only. Repeating the entire ghusl is not necessary. 5. Water should reach the (a) immediate inner part of the ears and (b) the inside of the naval. If left dry, ghusl will not count. 6. Instead of rinsing the mouth with water, if one takes in a mouthful water and drinks it, as long as the water reached the entire inside of the mouth, it will suffice. One does not have to exit the water, it can be swallowed. 7. If one has oil on body or hair and it seems as if water does not absorb, ghusl will still count. 8. If one has some substance which prevents water from reaching the skin (such as paint or nail polish), ghusl will not count until it is removed and water reaches the skin. If one discovers it later and removes the substance, see no After ghusl, if one prayed a salat then discovers an unwashed part of the body, one will need to repeat the salat after washing that portion. 10. Water must reach the gap between one s teeth as well therefore it is imperative to remove any food stuck between teeth. 11. Water must reach the under-skin of a woman s clitoral hood and the external orifice of the genitals (both male and the female). If a man is not circumcised then water needs to reach under the foreskin if possible without undue difficulty. 12. Water must reach all of the hair including the roots although in the case of women who have braided hair, it is obligatory for the water to only reach the roots (not all of the hair). 13. If a woman is wearing earrings or other jewelry such as rings and bracelets, she should ensure to move them about to water reaches the skin beneath them fully. 14. Water much reach the skin beneath the beard, moustache and eyebrows.

8 SUNNAHS OF GHUSL SUNNAH ACTIONS OF THE PURIFICATORY BATH 1. Making niyyah (intenton) 2. ReciTng bismillah 3. Rubbing the body [during the washing] 4. Performing ghusl according to the sunnah method, which would include: A. Performing wudu first B. Washing one s private parts C. Washing away any filth from the body D. Pouring water over the entre body, startng with the head for a total of three Tmes As for the fulfilling the sunnah in contemporary times where most people use showers, then it is mentioned in the Maraqi al-falah (a famous book of Hanafi fiqh rulings) that if one immersed under flowing water or rain, and remains in it for the length of time it would take to wash the body three times, then he would have fulfilled the sunnah of washing the body three times.

9 MUSTAHABB ACTS OF GHUSL ETIQUETTE OF THE PURIFICATORY BATH 1. To not face the qibla while performing ghusl 2. To not use excessive amounts of water (or too less water) 3. To bathe in a place which is private such that no one can see him/her 4. To remain silent 5. To use a cloth (or towel) to dry the body aaer ghusl 6. To hasten in covering the body up aaer ghusl 1. One of things mentioned in the hadith is the issue of washing the feet after ghusl. If one is bathing in a place where there is standing water then during the wudu one performs at the beginning, one should not wash the feet. The feet should be washed at the very end after stepping away from the place of ghusl. 2. If one is going to step away to wash the feet then one should cover up first then step away and wash feet (see no. 6 above) 3. If one is in a completely private space then to perform ghusl nude is permissible, standing or sitting (regardless if it there is a ceiling or it is open air). It is preferred to sit while performing ghusl because it is more concealing. 4. It is important to be always aware of covering one s awrah (nakedness) in front of others.

10 MAKRŪH ACTS OF GHUSL DISLIKED ACTIONS OF THE PURIFICATORY BATH 1. To face the qibla in ghusl 2. To speak without need while one s awrah is uncovered 3. To use excessive amounts of water or to use too less 4. To recite du as and adhkar

11 TYPES OF GHUSL FOUR MAIN TYPES فرض Fard واجب Wājib سنة Sunnah مستحب Mustahabb 1. Janābah 1. Dead body 1. Jumu ah prayer Many! 2. Hayd 2. New Muslim 2. Two Id prayers 3. Nifās who is in 3. Entering ihram janabah 4. Day of Arafah 1. Many scholars have only mentioned three types of Ghusl: (1) fard, (2) sunnah and (3) mustahabb as they consider the wajib types also part of fard. 2. Wajib ghusl: 1. Washing the dead is a communal obligation 2. New Muslim scenario: 1. In the state of disbelief the person was in janabah 2. or had been in janabah at any point and did not perform a bath which meets the condition of the ghusl 3. Sunnah ghusl: 1. The Jumu ah ghusl: 1. After fajr up until time for jumu ah salat 2. For those upon whom jumu ah salat is mandatory 2. Two Id prayers: 1. After fajr 2. For those upon whom Id salat is mandatory 3. Entering Ihram: 1. Hajj 2. Umrah 4. Day of Arafah: 1. For those performing Hajj 2. to be done after midday (zawāl). 4. Mustahabb ghusl: 1. When a non-muslim accepts Islam and is not in janabah 2. When a non-baligh girl or boy reaches age of maturity (becomes baligh) on account of age 3. When a person recovers from (a) insanity, (b) fainting or (c) intoxication 4. After cupping (as is reported in Abu Dawūd) 5. After washing a dead body 6. On the eve of the 15th of Sha ban 7. On the night of Qadr (when one is aware of its occurrence with certainty due to some sign) 8. Upon entering Makkah al-mukarramah (and Madinah al-munawwarah) 9. Several others specific for Hajj (refer to Fiqh of Hajj)

12 THE FARD GHUSL WHAT MAKES IT OBLIGATORY? فرض Fard 1.Emission of manī (sperm) 2.Sexual intercourse (even if there is no emission of manī) 3.Ending of hayd (menstruation) 4.Ending of nifas (post-natal bleeding) 1. Janābah 2. Hayd 3. Nifās 1. Emission of manī: 1. Manī is sperm or semen, the sexual fluid that leaves it normal place inside the body with pleasure. This emission of manī makes ghusl obligatory as one enters the major state of ritual impurity whether the emission (with pleasure) was in an awakened state or during sleep, with or without sexual intercourse of any kind. 2. And this is even though upon exiting there was no pleasure. The rule is that it has to leave its normal place inside the body with pleasure. If manī had come out and one performed ghusl, then later more manī came out then another ghusl will be obligatory unless one has urinated, slept or walked forty or more steps. 3. How to identify manī? Manī is what is released during orgasm wherein pleasure is felt and after its release, the person feels satsified and the passion dies out. It shouldn t be confused with madhy. 4. Madhy on the other hand is pre-coital fluid. It is thinner and is not a result of orgasm rather it occurs due to arousal. It happens due to foreplay for example with one s spouse and only increases sexual urge. 5. Madhy does not necessitate ghusl like manī, it only invalidates the wudū. 6. If manī exited without pleasure due to an illness or not due to any reason at all then ghusl is not obligatory, only the wudū is invalidated. 7. Another type of fluid is wady, which is white, cloudy, thick and smelly. It usually follows urination or could precede it. Wady only invalidates wudū. No ghusl is required. 8. Sexual dreams (or wet dreams) and the scenarios as they apply to men and women: 1. No ghusl is required (1) if one has a sexual dream and upon waking up does not see any wetness 2. Ghusl is required in the following scenarios when remembers having a sexual dream and sees wetness: (2) If one is certain or near certain that it is manī (3) If one is certain that it is madhy (4) If one is doubtful that it is either manī or madhy (5) If one is doubtful that it is either mani or wady (6) If one is doubtful that it is either madhy or wady (7) If one is doubtful that it is either mani, madhy or wady 3. Ghusl is required in the following scenarios when one does not remember having a sexual dream but still sees wetness: (8) If one is certain that it is mani (9) If one is doubtful that it is either mani or madhy 4. Ghusl should be performed out of precaution in the following scenarios when one does not remember having a sexual dream but still sees wetness: 1. (10) If one is certain it is madhy 2. (11) If one is doubtful that it is either mani or wady 3. (12) If one is doubtful that it is either mani, madhy or wady 2. Sexual intercourse even if there is no emission of mani: 1. The minimum requirement for this to mandate ghusl is the disappearance of the head of the penis into the vagina 2. This also applies to anal intercourse. Anal intercourse is a major sin and impermissible. 3. This applies to all types intercourse, the permissible type between spouses and the impermissible types (i.e. zina) 3. Ending of hayd and nifas 1. Details will be covered in the discussion on hayd and nifas

13 SEXUAL DREAM SCENARIOS WHEN UPON WAKING UP ONE SEES (OR DOES NOT SEE) ANY WETNESS ON THE CLOTHES OR BODY Ghusl required No ghusl required Remembers dream and sees wetness Does not remembers dream but sees wetness Does not remembers dream but sees wetness Remembers dream and does not see wetness (2) If one is certain or near certain that it is manī (3) If one is certain that it is madhy (4) If one is doubtful that it is either manī or madhy (5) If one is doubtful that it is either mani or wady (6) If one is doubtful that it is either madhy or wady (7) If one is doubtful that it is either mani, madhy or wady (8) If one is certain that it is mani (9) If one is doubtful that it is either mani or madhy (10) If one is certain it is madhy (11) If one is doubtful that it is either mani or wady (12) If one is doubtful that it is either mani, madhy or wady (1) if one has a sexual dream and upon waking up does not see any wetness

14 AHKĀM PERTAINING TO HADATH AKBAR MAJOR RITUAL IMPURITY AND ITS RELATED RULINGS What can a person upon whom ghusl is obligatory not do? 1. Enter a masjid 2. Have sexual intercourse in hayd or nifas 3. Recite the Qur an 4. Touch the Qur an 5. Perform the salat 6. Perform tawaf 1. Entering a masjid due to extreme need is permissible such as if one s exit door from home opens in the masjid and there is no other way to exit then a person may perform tayammum (dry ablution) and enter. 2. It is permissible to enter Id prayer grounds, a madrasah or a khanqah (spiritual lodge) in the state of major ritual impurity 3. To view or have bodily contact without a barrier with the area below the navel of one s wife while she is menstruating or in nifas is not permissible. Everything else (kissing, touching any other area, etc.) is permissible while she is menstruating. 4. In fact, to avoid the wife while she is menstruating is disliked (makruh). 5. Touching or reciting the Qur an in major ritual impurity is not permissible although one may engage in other dhikr This includes the books of tafsīr and Qur an translations

15 CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN GHUSL 1.Condoms Ghusl is required in the case of sexual intercourse or emission of semen 2. Masturbation (male, female) Ghusl is required due to orgasm for both male and female Impermissible act if practiced alone although spouses can masturbate each other 3. Insertion of finger inside vagina Ghusl is not required although if resulted in orgasm, it would be 4. Sleeping after sexual intercourse without performing ghusl Permissible

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