Essential oils an alternative method of textiles disinfection
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1 Essential oils an alternative method of textiles disinfection Katarzyna Matusiak, Jowita Polak, Waldemar Machnowski, Katarzyna Rajkowska, Krzysztof Śmigielski, Alina Kunicka-Styczyńska, Beata Gutarowska Lodz University of Technology Lodz, 30 th June 2016
2 Why essential oils? Alternative to toxic chemicals - use of biocidal or biostatic natural substances Broad-spectrum of antimicrobial activity Vapours of compounds penetrate into the material Chemical compounds of high volatility Biocidal activity of chemical compounds in essential oils Phenols Aldehydes Ketones Alcohols Esters/ ethers Hydrocarbons thyme oil clove oil cinnamon oil tea tree oil geranium oil peppermint oil lavender oil eucalyptus oil rosemary oil citrus oils
3 Aim and scope Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of cinnamon oil vapours and its influence on historical textiles composition of the cinnamon essential oil (CEO) in the gaseous phase content of CEO in textiles after disinfection gaseous minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cinnamon essential oil against the tested strains of microorganisms optimal parameters of textiles disinfection with essential oils the influence of essential oils disinfection on mechanical and optical parameters of textiles disinfection of historical textiles
4 Textiles Fiber Mass per unit area (g/m 2 ) Thickness (mm) Porosity (%) Finishing Manufacturer Cotton Unbleached Andropol S.A. (Poland) Linen Natural colour Świat Lnu (Poland) Silk Natural colour Degummed Fei Long Inc. (China)
5 Textiles The influence of CEO disinfection on mechanical and optical parameters of textiles Microbiological analysis
6 Historical textiles embroidered pillowcase 1950 (cotton) ribbon 1980 (polyester) starched coif 1918 (silk) trousers 1940 (cotton) Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography in Lodz, Department of Costume and Folk Textile
7 Mould Bacteria Microorganisms Microorganisms Source Textiles Choice criteria Bacillus megaterium ŁOCK 105 Pseudomonas fluorescens ŁOCK POM2123 Streptomyces sp. ŁOCK 0894 Aspergillus niger ATCC Penicillium funiculosum ŁOCK 0587 Trichoderma viride ŁOCK E153 Silk Cotton Linen the frequency of fabric contamination and the ability to degrade the natural fibers most commonly used as reference microorganisms for disinfection effectiveness studies ATCC American Type Culture Collection; ŁOCK Łódź Pure Culture Collection Media: Mould - MEA (Merck, Germany) Bacteria TSA (Merck, Germany) Incubation conditions: Mould 27 C, 7 days Bacteria 30 C, 24 h
8 Methods Test Standard Studied parameters Equipment CEO composition Antimicrobial effectiveness SPME Components concentration (mg/m 3 ) AATCC 100:2012 Reduction (%) TRACE GC Ultra (Thermo Electron Corporation, USA) Climatic chamber KBF720 (Binder GmbH, Germany) Mechanical properties ISO :2002 Elongation at break (%) Breaking strength (N) INSTRON Model 4204 (Instron, USA) Optical parameters ISO 105-J01:2002 CIEL*a*b* Thermal ageing Feller (1994) 140 C, 26h (70 years) V 670 UV Vis NIR Spectrophotometer (JASCO,USA) Thermal Ageing Oven UTS-1 (Uni-Tech sales, India) SPME Solid Phase Microextraction; AATCC American Association of Textiles Chemists & Colorists
9 Fot. A. Otlewska Disinfection chamber Textiles inoculation (250µl) Textiles incubation (21 days; 28 C; RH 80%) Textiles disinfection
10 Concentration mg/v Composition of CEO in gaseous phase 900 Ethyl alcohol 800 Linalool ß-caryophyllene Trans-cinnamic aldehyde Eugenol acetate Eugenol Cis-cinnamic aldehyde α-copaene α-caryophyllene linalool cis-cinnamic aldehyde trans-cinnamic aldehyde eugenol α-copaene ß-caryophyllene α-caryophyllene
11 Concentration (mg/m 3 ) Composition of CEO in gaseous phase Before disinfection After 1-day disinfection After 4-day disinfection After 6-day disinfection linalool cis-cinnamic aldehyde trans-cinnamic aldehyde eugenol α-copaene ß-caryophyllene α-caryophyllene
12 Concentration (mg/m 3 ) Content of CEO in textiles after disinfection Linen Cotton Silk linalool cis-cinnamic aldehyde trans-cinnamic aldehyde eugenol α-copaene ß-caryophyllene α-caryophyllene
13 Content of CEO in textiles after disinfection (4 weeks)
14 Gaseous MIC of cinnamon essential oil Microorganisms CEO MIC (%) Bacillus megaterium 6.25 Pseudomonas fluorescens 6.25 Streptomyces sp Aspergillus niger Penicillium funiculosum Trichoderma viride 6.25 MIC - minimal inhibitory concentration
15 Number of microorganisms (cfu/10cm 2 ) Before disinfection 6-day disinfection 1-day disinfection Optimal parameters for CEO disinfection of textiles - time 1,00E % - cinnamon essential oil concentration 1,00E+08 1,00E+07 1,00E+06 1,00E+05 1,00E+04 1,00E+03 1,00E+02 1,00E+01 1,00E+00 Bacillus megaterium Pseudomonas fluorescens Streptomyces sp. Aspergillus niger Penicillium funiculosum Trichoderma viride Aspergillus niger Penicillium funiculosum Trichoderma viride Silk Cotton Linen
16 Optimal parameters of textiles disinfection CEO concentration Reduction (%) Microorganisms Textiles 6-day disinfection 1-day disinfection Bacillus megaterium Concentration of CEO 12.5% 12.5% 6.25% 3.125% nt nt nt Pseudomonas fluorescens Silk nt nt nt Streptomyces sp nt nt nt Aspergillus niger Penicillium funiculosum Trichoderma viride Cotton Linen Cotton Linen Cotton Linen nt- not tested
17 Number of microorganisms (cfu/10cm 2 ) Optimal parameters for CEO disinfection age of textile 1,00E+09 1,00E+08 1,00E+07 1,00E+06 1,00E+05 1,00E+04 1,00E+03 1,00E+02 1,00E % 99.50% 99.83% 97.75% 1,00E+00 Control silk Aged silk Control silk Aged silk Before After Bacillus megaterium Streptomyces sp. 6-day disinfection; 12.5% - cinnamon essential oil concentration; textile - silk
18 The influence of CEO disinfection on mechanical and optical parameters of textiles Parameter Breaking strength (N) Elongation at break (%) Cotton Linen Silk Before After Before After Before After ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0, ± ± ± ± ±0.44 L* a* b* E L* - lightness (black/white); a* color in the green/red field; b* color in the blue/yellow field; E - difference in color E = ( L ) 2 + a 2 + ( b ) 2 0 < E < 1 - observer does not notice the difference 1 < E < 2 - only experienced observer can notice the difference 2 < E < unexperienced observer also notices the difference 3.5 < E < 5 - clear difference in color is noticed 5 < E - observer notices two different colors 1-day disinfection; 12.5% - cinnamon essential oil concentration
19 Number of microorganisms (cfu/10cm 2 ) Disinfection of historical textiles in MIC concentration 1,00E+08 1,00E % 99.97% 100% 1,00E+06 1,00E % 1,00E+04 1,00E+03 1,00E % 100% 100% 1,00E+01 1,00E+00 Silk (3.125%) Cotton I (12.5%) Cotton II (12.5%) Polyester (12.5%) Silk (3.125%) Cotton I (12.5%) Cotton II (12.5%) Polyester (12.5%) Bacteria Mould Before After 1-day disinfection; 12.5% and 3.125% - cinnamon essential oil concentration
20 Summary 1. Optimal parameters for CEO textiles disinfection are: 1 day, and CEO concentration depending on microflora % and 12.5% 2. Cinnamon oil vapours used in the disinfection are safe for cellulose textiles (do not cause significant changes in optical and mechanical parameters) 3. Microbiological analysis of contaminated textiles should be done before CEO disinfection 4. CEO disinfection is an effective method for historical textiles decontamination
21 Cinnamon essential oil vapour is an effective, sustainable and safe method of historical textiles disinfection
22 Essential oils an alternative method of textiles disinfection Katarzyna Matusiak, Jowita Polak, Waldemar Machnowski, Katarzyna Rajkowska, Krzysztof Śmigielski, Alina Kunicka-Styczyńska, Beata Gutarowska Lodz University of Technology Lodz, 30 th June 2016
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