STANDARDIZATION OF SUSHRUTHA PRAKRITI INVENTORY- SPI AN AYURVEDA BASED PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT TOOL WITH SCIENTIFIC METHODS

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1 Jour. of Ayurvda & Holistic Mdicin STANDARDIZATION OF SUSHRUTHA PRAKRITI INVENTORY- SPI AN AYURVEDA BASED PERSONALITY ASSESSMENT TOOL WITH SCIENTIFIC METHODS Ramakrishna B R 1 Kishor K R 2 Vaidya V 3 Nagaratna R 4 Nagndra H R 5 ABSTRACT: Background: Our survy amongst practicing Ayurvda doctors had stablishd th nd for a standardizd Prakriti assssmnt tool. W hav dvlopd Sushrutha Prakriti Invntory (SPI) basd on Ayurvdic concpt of prsonality. Th pilot study has yildd a scintifically dvlopd tool calld SPI with two parts SPI- Q (qustions) and SPI- C(chck-list) to assss th Prakriti of an individual. Objctivs: To standardiz Sushrutha Prakriti Invntory (SPI) basd on Ayurvdic concpt of prsonality through scintific mthods. Sttings and dsign: Th SPI tool that was dvlopd through a pilot study was administrd to 1200 halthy voluntrs of diffrnt ag group of both mal and fmal subjcts from multi cntrs. Th data obtaind was subjctd to Tst-rtst for Rliability and Exprts Cross validity tst, Corrlations study btwn subjctiv and objctiv paramtrs by Cronbach s alpha and Normality tst by Kolmogorov Suprnova for standardization of th tool. Mthod: Th data was collctd and subjctd to th tsts of Rliability, Validity and Normality. A total of 1200 subjcts wr takn for th tst of validation and 120 subjcts for Tst rtst Rliability and 120 subjcts for xprt validation by xprincd Ayurvda physicians. Rsults: Data analysis was don using SPSS-2006 vrsion and thr was found to b a strong rliability of th Qustionnair with Parson corrlation scor for Vata, Pitta and Kapha bing 0.990, and rspctivly; th Parson corrlation scor for Vata, Pitta and Kapha for Physical Chck-list bing 1.000, and rspctivly. With rspct to Tst rtst rliability scors for Vata, Pitta and Kapha for Qustionnair is 0.994, and rspctivly and 1.000, and for Vata, Pitta and Kapha rspctivly for physical Chck-list giving a high rat of rliability. Th SPI vrsion with quctions that volvd aftr Contnt / Consnsual validity by 10 xprts had Cronbach s alpha btwn 0.61 to Parson s corrlations of Subjctiv vs. Objctiv assssmnt was > 0.95 and Tst-rtst rliability was>0.95 for all thr Prakriti. Conclusion: This study has yildd a scintifically standardizd tool SPI with two parts, SPI- Q with 90 objctiv qustions and SPI- C with 60 subjctiv Physical qustions. Ky Words: Prakriti, Vata, Pitta, Kapha, Prsonality, Sushrutha, Constitution. INTRODUCTION: Human bing is a social animal and a product of social circumstancs. Socity influncs his lif and h influncs th socity. In th procss of th intraction btwn man and socity, a kind of charactristics mrg which can b considrd as his way of bhavior and subsquntly that bcoms th pattrn of his lif which is calld prsonality / Prakriti. Thr ar many ways of undrstanding and intrprting ths charactristics and from tim to tim many scholars hav trid to dfin prsonality. Thoris, hav bn dvlopd across th glob, dfining and assssing human bhavior in trms of his uniqu traits and typs. According to Allport s dfinition prsonality is th dynamic organization within th individual of thos psycho-physical systms that dtrmin his uniqu adjustmnts to his nvironmnt (25). Prsonality thus includs thr aspcts of an individual, th psychological, biological and nvironmntal aspcts. It ncompasss th nduring charactristics that diffrntiat popl which mak ach on uniqu. It is also th prsonality that lads us to act in a consistnt 1 Ph.D.(Yoga) scholar, 4 Mdical Dirctor, 5 Chancllor. Swami Vivkananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana (S-VYASA) Univrsity, Bngaluru. 2 Rsarch officr, National Ayurvda Dittics Rsarch Institut, Jayanagar, Bngaluru. 3 Dputy mdical suprintndnt, Sushrutha Ayurvda Mdical Collg and Hospital, Bngaluru. Corrsponding author mail addrss: brramakrishnasvyasa@gmail.com Accss this articl onlin: Publishd by Atrya Ayurvda Publications undr th licns CC-by-NC. Rcivd on: 01/11/14, Rvisd on: 04/01/15, Accptd on: 04/01/15 1

2 Jour. of Ayurvda & Holistic Mdicin and prdictabl mannr both in diffrnt situations and ovr xtndd priods of tim. Th biological aspcts consisting of gntic, nurophysiological, and nurochmical componnts prdispos th individual for a particular bhavior that h / sh may xhibit. Thus, in intraction with sociocultural componnts such as larning, languag, rligion and socity as a whol influnc th dvlopmnt of prsonality. (26.) Diffrnt culturs and schools of thoughts hav put forth thir concpts of prsonality through scintific and mphrical studis. In th astrn concpt, traditional txts of Yoga and Ayurvda ar rich sourcs of psycho-physical and spiritual knowldg. Ayurvda dscribs th prsonality as Prakriti, a Sanskrit word. Th word Prakriti mans natur or natural form of constitution of an individual. It consists of two syllabls pra and krti. Pra mans commncmnt or sourc of origin, kriti mans prforming and is drivd from th root kr which mans to prform. Thrfor thy jointly man natural form or th natural status of ons prformanc or bhavior. In Ayurvda practic th first stp is to rcogniz th Prakriti stat of a prson bfor th xamination of disasd condition. Hithr to Prakriti assssmnt has bn purly a subjctiv on and basd on on s own traditional / prsonal xprinc. Prakriti is of svn typs namly Vataja, Pittaja, Kaphaja, VataPittaja, VataKaphaja, PittaKaphaja and VataPittaKaphaja Prakriti /sama Prakriti. Prakriti is formd in th womb of th mothr at th tim of concption. A study by Bhushan and Kalpana has dmonstratd a corrlation btwn th tissu typ Human lukocyt antigns (HLA) and Prakriti typs to support this. [12] Th diffrnt variants of Prakriti ar basd on th principls of Tridoshas viz., Vata (motion), Pitta (mtabolism) and Kapha (structur) (1). This concpt had so far rmaind lusiv to modrn day biomdical scintists and was lookd upon as sotric. Of lat ths thoris stand th potntial of satisfying modrn biological thoris and findings of a coupl of rcnt (12) studis. Patwardhan t.al. hypothsizd and dmonstratd corrlation btwn HLA allls and Prakriti typ, thus opning nw rsarch avnus for th concpt of an association btwn HLA allls and th Ayurvdic Tridosha thory of individual Prakriti typs. In anothr study th concpt of Tridosha was found to hav a sound mpirical basis in trms of accuracy of stimation with statistical confidnc lvl abov 90% that could b usd for th scintific stablishmnt of Ayurvda in a nw light (8). Furthr, thr hav bn prliminary attmpts to dvlop a clinical tool to diagnos physiological classifications of Prakriti. A fw such attmpts ar worth mntioning. Dpak Chopra did publish on in his book calld Ayurvda body-typ qustionnair having thr sctions ach for Vata, Pitta and Kapha (11) Th data xtractabl from this tool sms linar whr as thr is coupling sn in th prsntations of ths Prakritis. Th data xtractabl from Kastur s (21) qustionnair, though is non-linar h dos not sm to hav sufficintly strssd on th highr mntal prdispositions (34) and sms to hav just listd th attributs of Prakriti and cannot b ffctivly usd as a tool. A softwar that intnds to masur (32) Prakriti calld Ayu-Soft sms to hav inconsistncis in trms of clos ndd and too many qustions thus compromising on th usr frindlinss of th instrumnt. Furthr, ths tools hav not bn subjctd to standard tsts of validity and rliability. In this rgard our study on nd of a standardizd Prakriti assssmnt tool has affirmativly strongly confirmd [35] With this background thy hav flt th nd to standardiz a concis clinical instrumnt which is comprhnsiv, usr frindly, nonlinar and with opn ndd qustions.in ordr to fulfill this rquirmnt th scintifically dvlopd SPI [36] was subjctd for scintific mthods of tool standardization aftr analyzing th rsults of pilot study. Th dvlopd SPI which has 2 parts (part A with 90 Qustions and part B with 60 Physical Chck-list) with total 150 qustions was administrd to 1200 subjcts aftr obtaining th informd consnt. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Standardization of SPI (Sushrutha Prakriti Invntory) consisting of an objctiv slf-rating Qustionnair (SPI- Q) and subjctiv Chck-list (SPI-C) basd on Ayurvdic concpts through scintific mthods for clinical and rsarch purpos. METHODS: This study includd th following stps; 1. Modification and corrction of SPI basd on Pilot study rsults. 2. Assssmnt of Prakriti using SPI on 1200 subjcts (Main study) 3. Rliability study by Rtst on 120 randomly slctd subjcts from th sam group aftr a laps of 10 days. 4. Study of Validity by corrlation of clinical a with SPI assssmnt on th sam 120 subjcts of Rtst. Dsign of th Study Thus dvlopd SPI was administrd to 1200 subjcts aftr obtaining th informd consnt. Th subjcts 2

3 wr brifd about SPI-Q and thy wr informd to slct and tick th appropriat ons in th tool. All th subjcts wr xamind by th invstigator / traind prsonals to licit th faturs of chck -list found. Th scorings of SPI-Q and SPI-C wr addd on individual basis to quantify th proportion of tridoshas in th subjcts. Study Dsign: An Obsrvational study with 1200 halthy subjcts was undrtakn to study to assss th validation of Prakriti scal and dvlop rfrnc intrval for th PRAKRITI scal on sub-scal basis viz. VATA, PITA and KAPHA. Tabl 1: Numbr of subjcts according to ag group. Ag in yars Numbr of % subjcts Total Man ± SD 31.43±15.62 Gndr Numbr of % subjcts Mal Fmal Total Tst- Rtst In ordr to ascrtain th rliability of SPI 10 prcnt of th subjcts (120) wr randomly slctd for rtst aftr a gap of 10 days. Cross-Validation Th sam 120 subjcts who wr subjctd for tstrtst rliability wr subjctd for cross validation with 5 Ayurvdic xprts. RESULTS: Th data collctd wr scord and subjctd to both dscriptiv and infrntial statistics. Th dscriptiv statistics wr calculatd using prcntag, man and standard dviation. 3 Jour. of Ayurvda & Holistic Mdicin Cronbach s cofficint alpha was usd to calculat th intrnal consistncy to assss consistncy of rsults across itms within th scal. Th rliability of th SPI was calculatd by using th Chisquar data through Split half mthod and Sparman brown tst. Parson s corrlation cofficint (r) was calculatd for stablishing cross validity. Intra Class corrlation cofficint was usd to assss th consistncy, conformity of masurmnts mad by multipl rspondnts masuring th sam quantity. Cronbach Alpha for consistncy /Rliability of itms in VATA, PITTA and KAPHA aftr dlting itm. Cronbach classification 0 α 0.40: Not rliabl 0.41 α 0.60: Modrat rliability 0.61 α 0.80: Good rliabl 0.81 α 1.00: vry High rliabl Th scal as a whol provd good rliability with Crohnbach s alpha α btwn Norms for PITA, VATA and KAPHA for Mal Rang of scor was calculatd on ±1SD Tabl 2: Norms according to ag* (Abstract) Ag in yars VATA PITA KAPHA Mal Fmal Mal Fmal Mal Avrag Fmal *Not: If th distribution is not normal, prcntil distribution is usd to find th rfrnc intrval

4 Jour. of Ayurvda & Holistic Mdicin Tabl 3: Norms according to ag (Abstract) (30+20 statmnts) Ag in yars VATA PITTA KAPHA Mal Fmal Mal Fmal Mal Fmal VATA scor Mal Fmal Total Ag in yars Figur 1: Graph showing th scors for Vata against ag Th graph shows that as th ag incras th scors for Vata hav dcrasd in mals and in cas of fmals th scors for Vata hav rmaind th sam as ag advancd. Tabl 4: Tst tst rliability of Invntory of tridoshas Parson corrlation Tst-rtst rliability TRIDOSHAS INVENTORY VATA PITA KAPHA TOTAL PHYSICAL FEATURES VATA PITA KAPHA TOTAL Tabl 5: Exprt validation of VATA, PITA and KAPHA VATA PITA KAPHA EXPERT ** 0.947** 0.909** EXPERT ** 0.930** 0.895** EXPERT ** 0.919** 0.870** EXPERT ** 1.000** 1.000** EXPERT ** 0.995** 0.980** Valus ar Parson corrlation, ** highly significant PITA scor Figur 2: Graph showing th scors for Pitta against ag Th graph shows that as th ag incras th scors for Pitta hav dcrasd in mals and in cas of fmals th scors for Pitta hav incrasd as ag advancd. KAPHA scor Mal Fmal Mal Fmal Ag in yars Ag in yars Figur 3: Graph showing th scors for Kapha against ag. 4

5 Jour. of Ayurvda & Holistic Mdicin Th graph shows that as th ag incras th scors for Kapha hav dcrasd in mals and fmals as ag advancd. Statistical Mthods: Dscriptiv statistical analysis has bn carrid out in th prsnt study. Rsults on continuous masurmnts ar prsntd on Man ± SD (Min-Max) and rsults on catgorical masurmnts ar prsntd in Numbr (%). Significanc is assssd at 5 % lvl of significanc. Cronbach alpha has bn prformd to assss th consistncy and rliability of rspons of th scal to masur th PRAKRITI and confirm th scal is summativ scal, Bisrial corrlation has bn usd to assss th itm-total corrlation to undrstand th itms corrlation. Normality tst has bn prformd for th VATA, PITA and KAPHA scor, Rfrnc Intrval has bn dvlopd by ithr Normal mthod (if normal distribution is accptd) or Prcntil mthod (if normal distribution is not accptd). Classification of PRAKRITI SCALE was don with 27 combinations, on catgory rprsnts th compltly Normal population, and 26 variants of VATA, PITA and KAPHA wr also assssd. Parson corrlation ahs bn don for xprt validation. Norms wr dvlopd using th Mixd Modl of PROC MIXED of SAS 9.2, with random Intrcpt and ag as ffct, using th following SAS cod odsrtf; odsgraphicson; procmixd data=datafmal; Modl k_total=ag/cl; Random intrcpt; run; odsgraphicsoff; odsrtfclos; 1. t-tst of a corrlation cofficint Objctiv: To invstigat whthr th diffrnc btwn th sampl corrlation co-fficint and zro is statistically significant. Limitations: It is assumd that th x & y valus originats from a bivariat normal distribution and that rlationship is linar. To tst an assumd valu of population co-fficint othr than zro, rfr to th Z- tst for a corrlation co-fficint. r = ( x ( x x)( y y) x) 2 ( y y) 2 r t = ( n 2) 2 (1 r ) is calculatd and follows studnt t distribution with n-2 dgrs of frdom. 2. Classification of Corrlation Co-fficint (r ) Up to 0.1 Trivial Corrlations Small Corrlation Modrat Corrlation Larg Corrlation Larg Corrlation Narly Prfct corrlation 1 Prfct corrlation 3. Cronbach classification 0 α 0.40: Not rliabl 0.41 α 0.60: Low rliability 0.61 α 0.80: Vry rliabl 0.81 α 1.00: High rliabl 4. Significant figurs + Suggstiv significanc (P valu: 0.05<P<0.10) * Modratly significant ( P valu:0.01<p 0.05) ** Strongly significant (P valu: P 0.01) Statistical softwar: Th Statistical softwar namly SAS 9.2, SPSS 15.0, Stata 10.1, Md Calc 9.0.1,Systat 12.0 and R nvironmnt vr wr usd for th analysis of th data and Microsoft word and Excl hav bn usd to gnrat graphs, tabls tc. Statistical Rfrncs: 1. Brnard Rosnr (2000), Fundamntals of Biostatistics, 5 th Edition, Duxbury, pag M. Vnkataswamy Rddy (2002), Statistics for Mntal Halth Car Rsarch, NIMHANS publication, INDIA, pag Sundr Rao P S S, Richard J : An Introduction to Biostatistics, A manual for studnts in halth scincs, Nw Dlhi: Prntic hall of India Grinr PF, Maywski RJ, Mushlin AI, Grnland P (1981) Slction and intrprtation of diagnostic tsts and procdurs. Annals of Intrnal Mdicin, 94, John Eng (2003), Sampl siz stimation: How many Individuals Should b Studid?. Radiology 227:

6 DISCUSSION: Ayurvdic physicians invariably us Prakruti in diagnosis and managmnt. Th dscriptions of Prakruti charactristics ar in th form of gnralizations and this is dciphrd by th traind physician as a tool to apply and undrstand individual spcific Prakruti of a subjct. This status has rmaind till dat making Prakruti analysis by physicians vry subjctiv. In th past coupl of dcads som Ayurvda basd organizations hav bn making initial attmpts to dvlop a standardizd tool in fulfillmnt of thir commrcial intrst s thus compromising scintific crdibility. Fw scintific organizations hav bn abl to dvlop rsarch basd standardizd tool falling short of scintific tmpr in on or th othr way. Is thr a ral nd for a rsarch basd standardizd tool to assss Prakruti? To addrss this qustion th following prliminary study to know th ncssity of th standardizd tool to accss Prakriti was undrtakn and th following obsrvations wr noticd. Hnc a tool which could masur th Prakriti as blonging to rspctiv doshic typ was dvlopd and standardizd. This had 2 sctions consisting of physical fatur (physical chcklist) and slf rating qustionnair consisting charactristics of Vata, Pitta and Kapha (Physiological, Psychological, Social, Intllctual and Spiritual). Th slf xplanatory qustionnair to b answrd by th subjct and physical chcklist assssmnt by th physician was th aim of this work. Individual qustions wr dvisd to licit thr aspcts of human prsonality dscribd in Ayurvda. Ths qustions wr dsignd to b simpl and undrstandabl.it was rfind basd on th opinions of 2 psychologists and 12 Ayurvdic xprts. Th itms wr thn sparatly analyzd by 6 Ayurvdic xprts. Th rliability and validity wr chckd on subjcts in ag group 16 to 75 yars normal halthy subjcts both sxs wr slctd from mdical, nursing collgs and hospitals of Bangalor south. Th subjcts wr thn sparatly analyzd by Ayurvdic xprts. Th data so obtaind co rlatd significantly with our findings. Th Exprt validation was don on 120 subjcts, ths subjcts wr randomly slctd and thir original scor wr compard with scor givn by th xprts who assssd th Prakriti according to thir own knowldg. Th scor/valus wr compard through Parson corrlation, aftr corrlation it was found to hav highly significant corrlation as all th valus of fiv xprts wr abov 0.80; suggstiv of P valu: 0.01(P 0.01). Th qustionnair was validatd by comparing th tst and rtst rliability scors in th subjct of study sampl (n=30) which wr randomly chosn. Thr was found to b a strong rliability of th qustionnair with Prsonal corrlation scor for Vata, Pitta and Kapha for 6 Jour. of Ayurvda & Holistic Mdicin Tridosha Invntory bing 0.990, and rspctivly; th prsonal corrlation scor for Vata, Pitta and Kapha for physical faturs bing 1.000, and rspctivly with rspct to Tst rtst rliability scors for Vata, Pitta and Kapha for Tridosha Invntory as 0.994, and rspctivly and 1.000, and for Vata, Pitta and Kapha for physical faturs giving a high rat of rliability. Th rsults hnc hav shown that th qustionnair stands valid and rliabl undr th prsnt boundaris of study. Though thr hav bn many qustionnairs lik Dpak chopra s, Kastur s and Amruth non of thm has bn standardizd. A systmatic study to validat ths has not bn publishd. This prsnt study appars to b a systmatic scintific study of its kind in dvloping a standardizd tool to licit th Prakriti. In th prsnt study dscriptiv statistical analysis was carrid out to find out th prcntag of subjctivs attnding ach qustion in th qustionnair. Th significanc of th qustionnair was assssd at 5%lvl of significanc, th significanc was intrprtd as follows P: 0.05 < P < 0.10 suggstiv of significanc, P valu: 0.01 < P 0.05 suggstiv of modrat significanc and P valu: P 0.01 suggstiv of strong significanc. Cronbach alpha was prformd to assss th consistncy and rliability of th qustionnair. Normality tst was prformd for th Vata, Pitta and Kapha scors. Rfrnc intrval was dvlopd by normal mthod in normal distribution (Pitta and Kapha) and prcntil normal; population mthod was adoptd in not normal distribution (Vata).classification of Prakriti scal was don with 27 combinations whr on catgory rprsntd th complt normal population and othr 26 variants of thr doshas wr also assssd. Pasons corrlation was applid for stablishing th xprt validation. Discussion on rsults In th ag wis distribution no of subjcts apparing for th study wr mor in th ag group btwn 21 to 30 yars followd by 80 subjcts in th ag group of 16 to 20 yars, this was b du to mor numbr of studnts apparing in th study. In gndr wis distribution mor numbr of fmals (161) appard for th study. This was du to mor numbr of fmal studnts in mdical and nursing collg. In occupation wis distribution maximum numbr of subjcts appard for th study wr studnts (155), this was mainly du to conducting th study in mdical and nursing collg in which normally girls tak mor admissions. In th dscriptiv statistics of Vata invntory; maximum 253 (84.3%) subjcts hav accptd Q 17 (Itm No. 60), this is mainly du to th xcssiv us of spics in south India whr gnrally popl lik to at swts, spicy,

7 Jour. of Ayurvda & Holistic Mdicin hot and oily food. Minimum 19 (6.3%) subjcts hav accptd th Q30 (Itm No 90), this is mainly du to th rligious blif prvailing in India. In dscriptiv statistics for Pitta invntory maximum 206 (68.7%) subjcts hav accptd th Q5 (Itm No. 18) this is mainly du to th xpctations of loyalist prvailing among th popl for du considration for gnrosity. Minimum 50 (16.7%) subjcts hav accptd Q30 (Itm No 88) this is bcaus nobody liks to accpt th ngativity unlss it s a srious issu. In dscriptiv statistics for Kapha invntory maximum 269 (89.7%) subjcts hav accptd th Q23 (Itm No.68) this is bcaus maximum subjcts wr studnts who lik to projct thmslvs ar intllignt. In th cronbach alpha for consistncy/rliability itms in Tridosha invntory is btwn 0.61 α 0.80 suggstiv of good rliability. This is mainly bcaus of th slction of itms ncompassing all faturs wr dirctly sourcd from th classics by following th standard procdurs (suggstd by Edward and Jackson). In th classification of th subjcts basd on th rsults 210 (70%) subjcts had mdium Vata, Pitta and Kapha, suggstiv of th normal population and lss variability in th rsults and in th qustionnair thr by pointing to th accuracy of th tool. In th xprt validation of th tool on 75 subjcts by fiv xprts yildd highly significant corlation which is suggstiv of th accuracy of th tool. CONCLUSION: Study rsultd in a standardizd, rliabl and valid instrumnt as is rliabl sinc rliability is significant, is valid sinc corrlation btwn qustionnair and physical chcklist and Prakriti diagnosd by doctors is significant. Hnc this tool can b usd as a basis for dvloping similar tools to suit popl across diffrnt sctions of th socity at larg. Such ndavors will go a long way in prvnting most of th griatric problms and countr th ffcts of th disas, thus hlping to crat a disas fr socity. This instrumnt is having its own limitations such as it can not b usd for adult ag abov 17 yars and childrn of physical and mntal ailmnts. Th instrumnt can b usd for only English mdium studnts. Th sampl numbr of mal and fmal is not qual. In futur on should b assssd A largr sampl with broadr ag rang and diffrnt socio cultural background. Th qustionnair can b applid to th Indian sampl and non-indian sampl. This would tll us about whthr th Prakriti thory is univrsally applicabl and whthr socio cultural background influncs th scors. Prakriti qustionnair can b administrd to th clinical population to find out th tridosa pattrn among diffrnt clinical group. REFERENCES: 1. Dash B, and Sharma, R.K CarakaSamhita. Chowkamba Sanskrit sris offic. Varanasi Shastry K.A Sushruta Samhita. Varanasi: chowkambha Sanskrit samsthana Chopra D Positiv halth. Nw York: Crown publishrs Anna MorshwarAstanga Hrudaya. Varanasi: Chowkambha publications. (1993) 5. Lad, V.An Introduction to Ayurvda. AltrnThr Halth Md, (3): 57-63, 6. Endo J & Nakamura T. Comparativ studis of th tridosha thory in Ayurvda and th thory of th four drangdlmnts in Buddhist mdicin. KagakushiKnkyu, (1995) 34(193): Kurup RK & Kurup PA. Hypothalamic digoxin, hmisphric chmical dominanc, and th tridosha thory. Int J Nurosci, (2003) 113(5): Joshi RR. Abiostatistical approach to Ayurvda:quantifying th tridosha. J Altrn Complmnt Md, (2004) 10(5): Hanky A. A tsts of th systms analysis undrlying th scintific thory of Ayurvda Tridosha. J Altrn Complmnt Md, (2005) 11(3): Dub KC, Kumar A&Dub S. Prsonality typs inayurvda. Am J Chin (1983) Md, 11(1-4): Chopra A. Ayurvdic Mdicin and Arthritis. Rhum Dis Clin North Am, (2000)26(1): Bhushan P, Kalpana J and Aravind C Classification of humanpopulation basd on HLA gn polymorphism and th concpt of Prakriti in Ayurvda. J Altrncomplmnt md, (2005) 11(2): Arora D, Kumar M.Food allrgis-lads from Ayurvda. Indian J md sci,.(2003)57(2): Edward G. CarminsRliability and Validity Assssmnt, Issu 17(7)SagUnivrsitypaprsQuantitativ Applications in th Social Scincs, (1979) ISSN X 15. Jackson(1970,1971,1973,1984:Jackon and Rddon1987) 16. S.Shilpa and CG Vnkatshmurthy NCERT Mysor Dvlopmnt and standardization of Mysor psychological Tridosha scal(ayu 2011) 17. Rastogi S, Chiapplli F. Dvlopmnt and validation of a Prototyp Prakriti Analysis Tool (PPAT): Infrncs from a pilot study. AYU 2012;33: Sharma S, Puri S, Agarwal T, Sharma V.D dits basd on Ayurvdic constitution--potntial for wight managmnt.altrnthr halth mdcn2009 Jan-Fb;15(1): AggarvalsNgi S, Jha P, Singh PK, Stobdan T, Pasha MA, Ghosh S, AgrawalA; Indian Gnom Variation Consortium, Prashr B, Mukrji MEGLN1 involvmnt in high-altitud adaptation rvald through gntic analysis of xtrm constitution typs dfind in Ayurvda. "ProcNatlAcadSci U S A."[jour] 2010 Nov 2;107(44): doi: /pnas Epub 2010 Oct Shilpiagaval,sapnangi, BhavanaPrashr gnomics and molcular mdicin, institut of gnomics and intgrativ Biology, CSIR, Nwdlhi;Whol gnom xprssion and biochmical corrlats of xtrm constitutional typs dfind in AyurvdaJtrans Mdicin

8 Jour. of Ayurvda & Holistic Mdicin 21. H.S. Kastur. ; PrakritiShr Baidyanath Ayurvda Bhavan, Halth pags 22. Vaidya V; Slf rating subjctiv qustionnair MSc thsis submittd to SVYASA, (2007) 23. David Frawly, Sandra Summrfild Kozak, Yoga for your Typ (2001) 24. Gordon Allport (Brond 1954). 26. Hippocrats (400 BC) 27. Sigmund Frud ( ) 28. Shldon (1940) 29. Krtschmr (1925) 30. (FFM).[2014] 31. Bhushan. Patwardhan vayusoft softwar; CDAC( 2006) 32. Jayadayala goyamdaka, Bhagavad gita with tatva vivchani comntary, Gita prss Gorakhpur Athaval (2004) 34. Ramakrishna B R, Kishor K R, Vaidya V, Nagaratna R, Nagndra H R, A survy on th nd for dvloping an Ayurvda basd prsonality (Tridosha prakrti) Invntory.JAHM2014 Vol II Issu VII 35. Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Cofficint alpha and th intrnal structur of tsts. Psychomtrika. 16, rlation 37. Bos, D. C.; Graybill, F. A.; and Mood, A. M. Introduction to th Thory of Statistics, 3rd d. Nw York: McGraw-Hill, Ramakrishna B R, Kishor K R, Vaidya V, Nagndra H R, Halthy Lif-styl prscriptions for diffrnt prsonality typs (Tridosha Prakriti). JAHM 2014 Vol II Issu VII Cit this articl as: Ramakrishna B R, Kishor K R, Vaidya V, Nagaratna R, Nagndra H R. Standardization Of Sushrutha Prakriti Invntory - SPI An Ayurvda Basd Prsonality Assssmnt tool with Scintific Mthods. J of Ayurvda and Hol Md (JAHM).2014;2(9):1-8. Sourc of support: Nil, Conflict of intrst: Non Dclard. 8