Life Science. Packet: Body Organization 2. OBJECTIVES: By the end of class, students will be able to DO NOW

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1 Life Science Unit: Body Organization Packet: Body Organization 2 Name: Date: Homeroom: OBJECTIVES: By the end of class, students will be able to SWBAT list 5 functions of the skeletal system. SWBAT describe the role of joints. DO NOW Agenda: 1. Do Now 2. Opening 3. Notes 4. Guided Practice 5. Independent Practice 6. Homework Overview 7. Closing Homework: Body Organization 2 Answer the following questions. 1. Fill in blanks with the correct order for the organization of the body: tissue 2. Write down an example of epithelial tissue. 3. Write down 3 examples of organs. 4. Two or more different types of cells working together form a. 5. Write down one category of tissue in the human body. 6. Muscle tissue does two things: and relax. Science Fact It takes approximately 12 hours for food to entirely digest. 1

2 Skeletal System Notes If you did not have a you would be just a blob of skin and blood on the floor. You would like look.. Your skeletal system allows you to stand. Your skeleton is not ; in fact, it is very much. Your bones are not dry and brittle; they are kept alive by. Give one piece of evidence that bones are alive: An adult s body contains bones. Your skeletal system is made up of, and the special structures that connect them. Most of your skeleton used to be and rubbery. Most bones start out as a soft, flexible material called. As you grow older, cartilage is eventually replaced by bone. 2

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4 The skeletal system has 5 major functions: 1) PROTECTION- the skeletal system protects many important. The ribs protect the and. The vertebrae protect the. The protects the brain. 4

5 2) MOVEMENT- muscles are attached to your bones. Skeletal muscles pull on bones to produce movement. 3) BLOOD CELL FORMATION- some bones are filled with special that makes red blood cells. 5

6 4) STORAGE- bones store that help the nerves and muscles function properly. Your bones also store that can be used for energy. 5) SUPPORT the skeletal system gives and support to your body, like the framework of a building. : : Write a sentence that describes this analogy. 6

7 Joint Notes Let s review the 5 major functions of the skeletal system: All of your body s motions are possible because you have. Joints allow your framework to be flexible and more than just a storage place for minerals. *What word does joints have in it? Joints are any place in your body where bones meet. All joints have in between the bones in order to the friction between the bones. To the right you find a praying skeleton. Circle all of the joints that you see. 7

8 LIGAMENTS A is a tough band of tissue that holds bone together at joints. Some joints, such as your knee are held together by more than one ligament. Ligament comes from the Latin root ligare, which means to bind Other words that come from this root include obligation, allegiance, and ally. Diagrams of Ligaments at the I m the ACL I m the PCL Joints are classified as or. An immovable joint allows little or no. The joints of your skull are classified as immovable. 8

9 A joint allows the body to make a wide range of movement. Types of Moveable Joints There are several types of moveable joints. These include: 1) Pivot Joint- one bone in the ring of another stationary bone. (example: turning your head) 2) Ball-and-Socket Joint- one bone has rounded end that fits into a cup or socket in another bone. This type of joint has a wide range of movement and can move in almost any. (example: hips and shoulders). 3) Hinge Joint- has a back-and-forth movement like hinges on a. (example: knee and elbow) 4) Gliding Joint- one part of the bone over another bone in a backand-forth motion. (example: wrists, ankles, and between vertebrae) Gliding Joint Stretch Anthem Ball-and-socket... shoulders, rock it. Pivot point at the neck joint. Down to knees, hinge please. Last to glide, the wrist slide.. 9

10 Do you know 1. Why do knuckles crack? Have you ever laced your fingers together and bent your fingers back? If you pressed hard on any bent finger, you would have heard a popping sound? Finger joints produce that loud c-r-a-c-king sound. The sound comes when bubbles in the fluid around the joint burst! Our entire body is made of a skeleton of 206 bones. Bones help in giving shape and support to the body and help us move about. Our bones are not too long otherwise we would not be able to bend or grasp things. Bones fit together at joints which is the meeting place between different bones of the skeleton. Joints are divided into fixed and movable ones. Most of the joints in our face are fixed, with the exception of the bones of lower jaw which are flexible and move up and down like a hinge. Joints in our elbows, knees and ankles are flexible and we use them all the time to move around. Bones at these joints are held firm by tissues and ligaments. These are tough cords or straps. Inside each joint is a thin membranous bag that secretes a thick fluid called the synovial fluid. Just like oil lubricates an engine to move slickly, the fluid helps in lubrication and helps the joint move smoothly. When you stretch or bend your finger the bones of the joint are forced apart. As they move apart, the tissues that surround the joint are stretched. This increases the volume of space between the tissues. With an increase in volume the pressure in the synovial fluid drops forming bubbles. When the joint is stretched far enough the pressure drops so low that these bubbles burst, producing a popping sound. It takes half an hour for the gas to dissolve back into the synovial fluid. Once the gas is dissolved it is possible to pop the knuckles again. Lots of people are in the habit of popping knuckles but there is no harm or injury associated with knuckle popping. Scientists however, have seen signs of tissue damage and a decrease in grip strength in certain cases like professional sportspersons. This damage is a result of repeated stretching of the ligaments surrounding the joint. Knuckle popping however, does have its positive effects. An increase in mobility is seen in the joints immediately afterwards. When joints are stretched certain nerve endings are stimulated and the muscles surrounding the joint relax. If you are a first-timer be careful. Don't press too hard or instead of cracking a bubble you may cause your bone to crack. After a hard day's night... CRACK! POP! Pop! Aah, that feels good! Now tomorrow is another crack away. 10

11 2. Why do old people get sore joints? Healthy joints. Unhealthy joints. 3. What happens when someone gets a hip replacement? Facts About Total Hip Replacement There are approximately 150,000 artificial hip joints implanted annually in the United States, with the success rate over 90%. The majority of individuals in need of hip replacement are in their 60s and 70s. New materials used in total hip replacement are very durable and are expected to last more than 10 years in 90% of individuals receiving total hips. 4. Why are some people double-jointed? Double-jointed is the laymen s term for a medical condition Hypermobility describes joints that stretch farther than is normal 11

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13 7 th Grade Science Name: Date: Homeroom: Unit: Body Organization Lesson: Body Organization 2 /5 = % DNG? A B C D F 1. What are the 5 major functions of the skeletal system: i. ii. iii. iv. v. 2. What is a joint? Circle 2 more joints on this diagram! 3. What are the two main types of joints? 13

14 4. Give one example of an immovable joint. 5. What is a movable joint? 6. What substance is found at the end of each bone to keep them from rubbing against each other? 7. What is a ligament? 14