Respiratory Sensitisers

Transcription

1 Page of Health and Safety Fact File - Occupational Health Respiratory Sensitisers Respiratory sensitisers are substances which can induce a state of specific airway hyperresponsiveness via an immunological, irritant or other mechanism. The term 'asthmagen' is starting to be used instead of respiratory sensitiser. Once the airways have become hyperresponsive, further exposure to the substance, sometimes even to tiny quantities, may cause respiratory symptoms. These symptoms can range in severity from a runny nose to asthma. Not all workers who are exposed to a sensitiser will become hyper-responsive and it is impossible to identify in advance those who are likely to become hyper-responsive. Respiratory sensitisers are classified under the CHIP labelling regulations and assigned the risk phrase R 'may cause sensitisation by inhalation'. Substances and classes of substances that may or may not be classified under CHIP may also be assigned the risk phrase "May cause sensitisation by inhalation" in the HSE publication "Asthmagen" (see below). Many different kinds of substances may be respiratory sensitisers - chemicals, metals, soldering flux, antibiotics and natural substances of plant or animal origin. Respiratory sensitisers should be distinguished from substances which may trigger the symptoms of asthma in people with pre-existing airway hyper-responsiveness, but which do not induce the disease themselves. The latter substances are not classified as respiratory sensitisers. Wherever it is reasonably practicable, exposure to respiratory sensitisers should be prevented. Where this is not possible, the primary aim is to apply adequate standards of control to prevent workers from becoming hyper-responsive. In some cases, adequacy of control can be assessed by comparing exposure concentrations with Occupational Exposure Limits. Occupational Exposure Limits are set by the Health and Safety Commission and published annually with updates by the Health and Safety Executive in Guidance Note EH Occupational Exposure Limits. However, for many respiratory sensitisers, there is no occupational exposure limit specified in EH and either limited or no information which would enable in-house exposure limits to be set. In these circumstances exposure should be reduced to as low as is reasonably practicable. Activities giving rise to short-term peak concentrations should receive particular attention when risk management is being considered. Health surveillance is appropriate for all employees exposed to respiratory sensitisers unless the COSHH assessment has shown that there is unlikely to be a risk of sensitisation under the conditions of use. The HSE provide advice on respiratory sensitisers and their control in the workplace. The booklet Preventing asthma at work: How to control respiratory sensitisers provides step-by-step advice on strategies which can be adopted for preventing or adequately controlling exposure to these substances. Further information can be obtained from the Health and Safety Unit. For health aspects contact Sophie Gask (Ext. ), S.M.Gask@bham.ac.uk and for information on the substances contact Fred Young (), F.J.Young@bham.ac.uk. Preventing asthma at work, L,. ISBN. HSE Books. Asthmagen? Critical assessments of the evidence for agents implicated in occupational asthma, ISBN, HSE Books. Respiratory Sensitisers from CHIP Approved Supply List and Asthmagen Hazdat No. Name CAS No. Ammonium chloroplatinate - 8- Ammonium chromate Ammonium persulphate -- Amoxycillin 8-8- Ampicillin --

2 Page of alpha-amylase -- Azodicarbonamide --,,,-Benzenetetracarboxylic,:,-dianhydride 8-- Benzoic acid -8-,-Bis-isocyanatomethylbicyclo[..]heptane Bitoluene diisocyanate -- Bromelain, juice -- tert-butyl glycidyl ether tert-butyl isocyanate -8- Calcium chromate - - Carbenicillin -- exo-cellobiohydrolase - - Cellulase -- 8 Cephalexin 8- - Chloroplatinic acid Chromic acid 8-- Chromium trioxide -8- Chromium(III) chromate - 8- Chromium(VI) 8- - Chromyl chloride - -8 Chymotrypsin -- Cobalt -8- Cobalt chloride -- Cobalt sulphate Cobalt(II) acetate -8-8 Cobaltous bromide Cockroach material Collagenase, Sigma blend type F -- Concanavalin A 8- - trans-cyclohexane-,-dicarboxylic anhydride - - Cyclohexane-,-dicarboxylic anhydride cis-,-cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride - - 8,-Cyclooctadiene -8-

3 Page of 8,'-Diaminodiphenyl ether -8- Diammonium tetrachloroplatinate 8- - Dianisidine diisocyanate --,-Dichlorophenyl isocyanate -- 8,-Dichlorophenyl isocyanate -8-8,-Dichlorophenyl isocyanate meso-,:,-diepoxybutane DL-,:,-Diepoxybutane 8-8-,-Dinitrofluorobenzene Diphenylmethane-,'-di-isocyanate -- 8 Diphenylmethane-,'-di-isocyanate 8-- Diphenylmethane-,'-diisocyanate Dipotassium hexachloroplatinate - - Dipotassium tetrachloroplatinate Disodium hexachloroplatinate Disodium tetrachloroplatinate - - Ethyl -(isocyanatosulfonyl)-benzoate - - Ethylenediamine -- 8 Ficin -- 8 Flour beta-glucosidase -- Glutaraldehyde Hexahydro--methylphthalic anhydride Hexahydro--methylphthalic anhydride Hexahydro--methylphthalic anhydride Hexahydromethylphthalic anhydride - - Hexamethylene diisocyanate 8-- Hexyl isocyanate -- Indomethacin -8- -Iodophenol -8- -(Isocyanatosulfonylmethyl)benzoic acid methyl ester Isophorone diisocyanate Ispaghula 88 Lead chromate molybdate sulfate red Lead sulfochromate yellow - - Maleic anhydride 8--

4 Page of 8 Methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanate - 8- Methenamine -- Methyl -(isocyanatosulfonyl)--thiophenecarboxylate - 8- Methyl benzoate -8- Methylene bis(-cyclohexylisocyanate) -- 8 Methylene bisphenyl isocyanate ,'-Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate -- Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate - - 8,-Naphthalene diisocyanate -- Nickel ammonium sulphate - 8- Nickel sulphate (S,S,R,R)-(-Nitrophenylmethyl)--dioxo--phenylacetamido-penam- - carboxylate S,R,R,R)-(-Nitrophenylmethyl)-methylene--oxo-- phenylacetamidocepham--carboxylate Octadecyl isocyanate -- Papain -- Pepsin A -- 8 Phenyl isocyanate -- Phenyl isothiocyanate -- -Phenyl--methyl--pyrazolone 8--8 Phenylbutazone Phenylethyl isothiocyanate Phenylethylisocyanate -8-8 Phthalic anhydride Piperazine -8- Piperazine hydrochloride -- Polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate -8-8 Potassium chromate Potassium persulphate -- n-propyl isocyanate -8- Psoralen -- 8 Psyllium Rennin -8-8 Salicylamide -- Sodium persulphate Soybean Dust 8--

5 Page of Strontium chromate 8 Subtilisin bpn -- Subtilsin carlsberg -- Sulfasalazine -- 8,,,-Tetrahydro--methylphthalic anhydride 8-8-8,,,-Tetrahydro-,-methanophthalic anhydride 8-- (-alpha,-alpha,--beta,--beta)-,,,-tetrahydro-,-methanophthalic anhydride,,,-tetrahydro--methylphthalic anhydride,,,-tetrahydro--methylphthalic anhydride Tetrahydro--methylphthalic anhydride,,,-tetrahydromethylphthalic anhydride Tetrahydromethylphthalic anhydride 8 cis-,,,-tetrahydromethylphthalic anhydride cis-,,,-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride 8--8,,,-Tetrahydrophthalic anhydride -- Tetrahydrophthalic anhydride - - cis-,,,-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride -- Toluene diisocyanate (: mixture) - - Toluene diisocyanate (8: mixture) - - p-toluene isocyanate -8-8 o-toluene isocyanate -8- m-toluene isocyanate -- 8 Toluene-,-diisocyanate 8-8- Toluene-,-di-isocyanate -8- Toluene-,-diisocyanate -8- Trimellitic anhydride -- Trimethyl hexamethylene diisocyanate 8- - Trimetillic anhydride -- Trypsin, Type I from Bovine pancreas -- -Vinylpyridine Vinylpyridine -- 8 Xanthene -8- m-xylylene diisocyanate -8-8 Zinc chromate(vi) - - Return to top Occupational Health facts Health and Safety Fact File Subject Headings This page is maintained by the Health and Safety Unit Page last updated February,