Section 1. General Information on Pressure Pipe Made of Polyethylene Material

Transcription

1 Sction 1 Gnral Information on Prssur Pip Mad of Polythyln Matrial History of Polythyln Matrial 5 Dsign Paramtrs of Polythyln Prssur Pips 5 Strngth Calculation for Polythyln Prssur Pips 7 Transport and Ground load Influncs on Prssur Pips 11 Polythyln Prssur Pips stability against tmpratur of convyanc fluid Charactristics of Polythyln Prssur Pips 13 Quality Control point Ultrasonic Systm (US) 14 Quality Control Paramtrs 15

2 Gnral Information on Prssur Pip Mad of Polythyln Matrial History of Polythyln Matrial Polythyln matrial was for th first tim producd in th bginning of th 1930s, but production of pips from polythyln was bgun in th middl of th 1940s. Th first standard for polythyln pips was publishd in 1953 in England. Structural formula of PE Th raw matrials for plastics production ar oil and natural gas. Th raw matrial for production of polythyln is thyln. Ethyln xtract is xtractd from than by mans of th cracking mthod. Polymrization procss allows to obtain polythyln from th thyln molculs. Ethyln Molcul PolythylnMolcul Aftr polymrization: Polymrs that consist only of carbon and hydrogn (hydrocarbons) ar calld polyolfins. Polythyln (PE) also blongs to this group. This is a smicrystallin thrmoplastic. Thrfor this matrial is not solubl in ordinary solvnts, it hardly xpands at all. As a rsult it is impossibl to glu PE. Advantags of th matrial: light; xcllnt lasticity; high friction rsistanc; high rsistanc to corrosion; high impact rsistanc vn at low tmpraturs; high chmical rsistanc. Polythyln can b dividd into svral dnsity typs: PELD Polythyln low dnsity PEMD Polythyln mdium dnsity PEHD Polythyln high dnsity Dsign Paramtrs of Polythyln Prssur Pips Pips ar dividd into diffrnt classs according to minimum rquird strngth of th matrial or MRS, s Tabl 1. Tabl 1 PE class PE40 PE63 PE80 PE100 PE100 RC MRS, [MPa] ) Tmpratur, [oc] ) Oprating lif, [yars] >100 MRS minimum rquird strngth; PE polythyln; 1) tmpratur of convyanc fluid (watr); oprating lif of th systm, providd by th pip structur 2) 1 MPa = 1 N/mm² = 10 bar 5

3 Gnral Information on Prssur Pip Mad of Polythyln Matrial Minimum Rquird Strngth (MRS) or minimum rquird longtrm strngth is a paramtr allowing to dtrmin polythyln strngth. This paramtr is important for calculation of th allowd pip's structural strss, that is vital for calculation of th rquird pip's wall thicknss. Allowd pip's structural strss can b calculatd by mans of th following formula: MRS C, whr σ allowd structural strss, [MPa]; MRS minimum rquird strngth, [MPa]; C* minimum safty factor for watr prssur pips. *valu is dtrmind by ISO 6 Allowd prssur in th pip rfr to Tabl 2. Tabl 2 σ, [MPa] PE class MRS, [MPa] PE80 PE100 PE100 RC Watrsupply pips (foll. ISO 6) C = Gassupply pips (foll. ISO 6) C = σ allowd structural strss, [MPa]; MRS minimum rquird strngth, [MPa]; C minimum safty factor. According to EN 201 SDR (standard dimnsion ratio) is th ratio of pip outsid diamtr to wall thicknss. SDR =, whr SDR standard dimnsion ratio; pip nominal/outsid diamtr, ; pip wall thicknss,. Rlationship btwn S, SDR, PN and σ S= SDR 1, PN = 2 SDR 1 S polythyln pip prssur sris; PN nominal prssur, [bar]; SDR standard dimnsion ratio; σ allowd structural strss, [MPa]. 6, whr S= PN PN = S PN nominal prssur, [bar]; S polythyln pip prssur sris; σ allowd structural strss, [MPa]. PN S 10, whr

4 Gnral Information on Prssur Pip Mad of Polythyln Matrial Strngth Calculation for Polythyln Prssur Pips Strss influncing th pip walls as a rsult of th liquid prssur application, can b calculatd by mans of th following formula: = P P ( ), whr 2 pip wall thicknss, ; P* prssur in th pip, [MPa]; pip nominal/outsid diamtr, ; σ allowd structural strss, [MPa]. P *oprating prssur of th watrsupply ntwork or stimatd oprating prssur of th systm Schm: Liquid's prssur influnc on th pip walls. Allowabl strss dpnds on class of th polythyln matrial and is a dtrminant of pip wall thicknss idntification. Polythyln pips ar manufacturd according to standard prssur classs (usually from PN4 to PN25), whr prssur class dtrmins allowd (constant) oprating prssur in th piplin throughout its us (xploitation) at liquid oprating tmpratur qual to + 20 C. Th highr prssur in a piplin is also possibl, but during a short priod of tim, for xampl, during hydraulic impact. If oprating liquid tmpratur is highr than + 20 C, prmittd working prssur in th piplin should b rducd. This rduction dpnds on class of th polythyln matrial. Rlationship btwn PN, MRS, S and SDR at + 20 C, whn C = 1.25 dpnding on class of th matrial (following EN 201) is prsntd in Tabl 3. Tabl 3 SDR S PE80 PN3.2 PN4 PN5 PN6a PN8 PN10 PN.5 PN16 PN20 PN25 Class of th polythyln matrial PE100 PE100 RC PN4 PN4 PN5 PN5 PN6a PN6a PN8 PN8 PN10 PN10 PN.5 PN.5 PN16 PN16 PN20 PN20 PN25 PN25 a actually calculatd valu of PE100 and PE100RC is 6.4 [bar] and PE [bar]; SDR standard dimnsion ratio; S pip sris; PN pip nominal prssur, [bar]. 7

5 Gnral Information on Prssur Pip Mad of Polythyln Matrial Rlationship btwn PN, MRS, S and SDR at + 20 C with diffrnt C valus is prsntd in Tabl 4. Tabl 4 SDR SDR 6 SDR 7.4 SDR 9 SDR 11 SDR 13.6 SDR 17 SDR 17.6 SDR 21 SDR 26 SDR 33 SDR 41 S S 2.5 S 3.2 S4 S5 S 6.3 S 8.3 S 10 S.5 S 16 S 20 PN 5 PN 4 PN 3.2 PE 80 C=1.25 PE 80 C=1.6 PE 80 C=2.0 PE 100 C=1.25 PE 100 C=1.6 PE 100 C=2.0 PE 100 RC C=1.25 PE 100 RC C=1.6 PE 100 RC C=2.0 S8 PN 25 PN 20 PN 16 PN.5 PN 10 PN 8 PN 6c PN 20 PN 15.5 PN.5 PN 10 PN 7.5 PN 6 PN 5 PN 4 PN 3 PN 2.5 PN 16 PN.5 PN 10 PN 8 PN 6 PN 5 PN 4 PN 3 PN 2.5 PN 2 PN 25 PN 20 PN 16 PN.5 PN 10 PN 8 PN 6c PN 5 PN 4 PN 19.5 PN 15.5 PN.5 PN 9 PN 7 PN 6 PN 5 PN 3.5 PN 3 PN 15.5 PN.5 PN 10 PN 7.5 PN 6 PN 5 PN 4 PN 3 PN 2.5 PN 25 PN 20 PN 16 PN.5 PN 10 PN 8 PN 6c PN 5 PN 4 PN 19.5 PN 15.5 PN.5 PN 9 PN 7 PN 6 PN 5 PN 3.5 PN 3 PN 15.5 PN.5 PN 10 PN 7.5 PN 6 PN 5 PN 4 PN 3 PN 2.5 Not: PN valu for PE80, PE100 matrials is calculatd at liquid oprating tmpratur qual to + 20 C with guarantd continuous oprating lif of th systm (durability) qual to yars and for matrial of th class PE100RC with oprating lif > 100 yars. SDR standard dimnsion ratio, S pip sris, PN pip nominal prssur, [bar], C minimum safty factor, c actually calculatd valu of PE100 and PE100RC is 6.4 [bar] and PE [bar]. 8

6 Gnral Information on Prssur Pip Mad of Polythyln Matrial Polythyln prssur pips modification for xtrnal watr supply ntworks following EN 201, as wll as DIN 8074/DIN 8075 and xtrnal prssur swag ntworks following EN is prsntd in Tabl 5. Bginning of Tabl 5 SDR SDR 6 SDR 7.4 SDR 9 SDR 11 SDR 13.6 SDR 17 SDR 17.6 S S 2.5 S 3.2 S4 S5 S 6.3 S8 S 8.3 PE 80 PN 25 PN 20 PN 16 PN.5 PN 10 PN 8 PE 100 PN 25 PN 20 PN 16 PN.5 PN 10 PE 100 RC PN 25 PN 20 PN 16 PN.5 PN SDR standard dimnsion ratio, S pip sris, PE 80 indication of th class of polythyln, pip nominal/outsid diamtr,, pip innr diamtr,, pip wall thicknss,, PN pip nominal prssur, [bar], c actually calculatd valu of PE100 and PE100RC is 6.4 [bar] and PE [bar]. Minimum prssur (PN) valu for pips of th class PE80 and PE100 is dtrmind with th minimum safty factor (C = 1.25) at liquid oprating tmpratur qual to +20 C with guarantd continuous oprating lif of th systm qual to yars and for matrial of th class PE100RC with oprating lif > 100 yars. 9

7 Gnral Information on Prssur Pip Mad of Polythyln Matrial Polythyln prssur pips modification for xtrnal watr supply ntworks following EN 201, as wll as DIN 8074/DIN 8075 and xtrnal prssur swag ntworks following EN is prsntd in Tabl 5 End of Tabl 5 SDR S SDR 21 SDR 26 SDR 33 SDR 41 S 10 S.5 S 16 S 20 PE 80 PN 6c PN 4 PN 3.2 PE 100 PN 8 PN 5 PN 6c PN 5 PN 4 PE 100 RC PN 8 PN 6c PN 5 PN SDR standard dimnsion ratio, S pip sris, PE 80 indication of th class of polythyln, pip nominal/outsid diamtr,, pip innr diamtr,, pip wall thicknss,, PN pip nominal prssur, [bar], c actually calculatd valu of PE100 and PE100RC is 6.4 [bar] and PE [bar]. Minimum prssur (PN) valu for pips of th class PE80 and PE100 is dtrmind with th minimum safty factor (C = 1.25) at liquid oprating tmpratur qual to +20 C with guarantd continuous oprating lif of th systm qual to yars and for matrial of th class PE100RC with oprating lif > 100 yars. 10

8 Gnral Information on Prssur Pip Mad of Polythyln Matrial Polythyln prssur pips strngth dpnds on th ring stiffnss (SN) and can b calculatd by mans of th formula prsntd in EN SN = E I E =, whr 3 () 96 S3 I= 3, whr I pip momnt of inrtia for 1 m pip lngth, [m4/m = m3]; pip wall thicknss, [m]. SN ring stiffnss, [kn/m2]; E lasticity modulus, [kpa]; I pip momnt of inrtia for 1 m pip lngth, [m4/m = m3]; pip nominal/outsid diamtr, [m]; pip wall thicknss, [m]; S polythyln pip prssur sris. Initial ring stiffnss for polythyln prssur pips following EN is prsntd in Tabl SDR S PE Tabl 6 E modulus, [MPa] Class of th polythyln matrial PE100 PE100 RC Initial ring stiffnss SN, [kn/m2] SDR standard dimnsion ratio; S polythyln pip prssur sris. 1 kpa = 1 kn/m² Transport and Ground Influncs on Prssur Pips Whn laying pips in trnch is don in accordanc with th givn instructions and guidlins, as wll as during th installation procss polythyln pips of th prssur class PN10 and highr ar abl to withstand ground and transport influncs, and it is not ncssary to rduc allowd oprating prssur in th pip. If th polythyln pips of th prssur class PN6 and lowr ar usd, placing thm dply in ground or applying grat transport load lad to th ncssity of rduction of th allowd oprating prssur. In most cass oprating prssur in th piplins during thir xploitation is 30% lowr than th allowd oprating prssur of th pips that corrspond to th pip prssur class (PN) and is indicatd on th pip. PN pip nominal prssur, [bar]. 11

9 Gnral Information on Prssur Pip Mad of Polythyln Matrial Polythyln Prssur Pips Stability against Tmpratur of Convyanc Fluid Dsigning prssur systms consisting of polythyln pips on should considr, that minimum guarantd oprating lif of pips mad of th matrial of classs PE80 and PE100 is yars, but minimum guarantd oprating lif of pips mad of th matrial of class PE100RC is > 100 yars, upon condition, that during xploitation of th pips oprating prssur dos not xcd nominal prssur (PN), indicatd on th pips and convyanc fluid in th pips is watr, whos tmpratur during xploitation dos not xcd + 20 C. Tmpratur and prssur of convyanc fluid in th systm substantially influncs oprating lif of th polythyln pips. Incras of th convyanc fluid tmpratur (for xampl, watr) highr than + 20 C dcrass oprating lif of pips (trm of srvic). In ordr not to rduc oprating lif of th systm undr yars consisting of pips mad of th matrial of classs PE80 and PE100, but for pips mad of th matrial of class PE100RC undr 100 yars, dsigning a prssur systm from polythyln pips nginrs should considr prssur corrction factor (K), that rducs working prssur in rlation to th nominal prssur of th prssur pips (PN) and allows using pips at high tmpratur of convyanc fluid, not rducing thir trm of srvic. Poprating= K PN, whr K = T, whr K corrction factor; T oprating tmpratur of convyanc fluid, [oc]. Poprating corrctd (dcrasd oprating prssur), [bar]; K corrction factor; PN pip nominal prssur, [bar]. Exampl: Th usd pip is mad of PEHD matrial, PE100, SDR17 S8, PN10, 110 mm with wall thicknss = 6.6 mm. Convyanc fluid in th piplin is watr. Watr oprating tmpratur is + 40 C. Prforming calculation of th corrction factor, K: K = = 0.74 Whn th corrction factor's valu is calculatd, prforming calculation of th oprating prssur Poprating : Poprating= = 7.4 [bar] So, allowd oprating prssur is th systm cannot xcd 7.4 [bar]. 1 kpa = 1000 Pa = 10 hpa = 10 mbar, 1 hpa = 100 Pa = 1 mbar Allowd bnding radius of th polythyln pip at air tmpratur qual to + 20 C dpnding on SDR and S is prsntd in Tabl 7. SDR S Allowd bnding radius x 40 x 30 x 30 x 20 x 20 x 20 x 20 x 20 x 20 x SDR standard dimnsion ratio; S polythyln pip prssur sris. Tabl 7

10 Gnral Information on Prssur Pip Mad of Polythyln Matrial Charactristics of Polythyln Prssur Pips Advantags of th polythyln matrial lad to its wid us in th watr supply ntworks infrastructur. Advantags of th matrial: Light wight of th pips (light); Easy transportation; Easy to fus (wld); High abrasion rsistanc, s Figur 1; Low prssur drop du to th smooth intrnal surfac of th pips; Rsistanc to UV radiation; Rsistanc to radioactiv fflunt; Non toxic; Elasticity. This proprty facilitats installation works; Pips ar not influncd by movmnt of ground. Braking into pics is not a charactristic of th pips, unbrakabl; High tolranc of impact, as wll as rsistanc to damag in bnds; An important advantag choosing diamtr of th pips is low roughnss du to th smooth intrnal walls of th pips; Pips ar suitabl for undrwatr installation, not influncd by sa watr and its movmnt; Pips ar not influncd by hazardous substancs prsnt in th soil, that caus corrosion; Rsistant (inrt) to influnc of th chmical substancs; Protction against snak currnts and lctromagntic fild, thr is no nd for cathodic protction; Dos not chang watr proprtis and tast. Asbstoscmnt pips mm Figur 1 3,0 Chart of abrasion rsistanc 2,5 War, mm 2,0 Fibrglass pips 1,5 Concrt pips Cast pips Cramic pips PVC pips 1,0 0,5 PEHD pips Numbr of cycls during rsarch, N N Univrsity of Darmstad (DIN 19534) Comparison of spcial war of th polythyln matrial with othr matrials, usd in production of pips, is prsntd in Tabl 8. Tabl 8 Matrial Polythyln PVC Stl Castiron Clay Concrt Asbstoscmnt Spcial war, War ratio to polythyln 4.4 tims 10 tims tims 23 tims 94 tims 102 tims 13

11 Quality Control 8point Ultrasonic Systm (US) During production of Evopips EVO SCRG ULTRASTRESS and EVOAQUA pips a highly tchnological quality control systm ULTRASONIC is usd. This systm continuously monitors and automatically corrcts quality paramtrs of th pips during production: Wall thicknss of both diffrnt layrs and gnral thicknss; Wall thicknss classification by pips paramtrs; Insid diamtr; Outsid diamtr; Ovality; Eccntricity; Surfac dfcts. US documnts all th substantial quality paramtrs and, thus, it can produc rviws on conformity of quality to th rquirmnt of th gnrally accptd standards. Th systm is fully intgratd into xtrusion dvic. Strong points: Complt corrspondnc to th standards is guarantd. Immaculat production procss. Documntd goods quality conformanc is accssibl for th clints. Us of th gravimtrical matrialshandling systm togthr with ultrasound systm allows to apply th following innovativ procsss combination: US compltly scans pips along th primtr along th whol lngth of th pips, as a rsult vry point along th primtr is bing monitord. US constantly dtrmins actual wight (kg/m) of ach mtr of th pip as a basis, using gravimtrical rading (kg/hour) and withdrawal rat of th pip (m/min). According to th rsults obtaind in th ultrasound radings th paramtrs of th production dvics ar automatically corrctd. Thus th prmannt high quality of th products is achivd. 14

12 Quality Control Additional to th US systm for continuous production procss quality control, th ntrpris uss th following quality control masurmnts, s Tabl 9. Quality Control Paramtrs Tabl 9 Proprtis Viw of xtrnal layr, colour Outsid diamtr OD, mm* Wall thicknss, mm* Ovality, %* Wight, kg/m Pips marking Hydrostatic forc Tnsil longation Oxidation induction tim Gomtrical proprtis Mlt indx Priodicity Numbr of sampls Continuous monitoring procss for all batchs Onc vry 4 hours 1 Onc vry 4 hours 1 Onc vry 4 hours 1 Onc vry 4 hours 1 Continuous monitoring procss for all batchs Tsting of th polythyln pips following EN 201 Onc in th framwork of on batch 3 Onc in th framwork of on batch 3 Onc in th framwork of on batch 3 Onc in th framwork of on batch 1 Onc in th framwork of on batch 1 * OD 40 mm, following EN 201, 4 masurmnts should b don for a sampl, but if OD > 40 mm, following EN 201, 6 masurmnts should b don for a sampl. 15

13 Sction 2 Prssur Piping Systm EVO SCGR ULTRASTRESS Charactristics of EVO SCGR ULTRASTRESS 17 Tsts of EVO SCGR ULTRASTRESS Pips 19 Tchnical information 20 Rang of Pip Products 22

14 Prssur Piping Systm EVO SCGR ULTRASTRESS S C G R SLOW CRACK GROW RESISTANCE SCGR is Evopips' dsignation for watr supply prssur pips of th nw gnration. Ths pips ar mad of th nw PE100RC matrial. SCGR pips fatur high nvironmntal strss crack rsistanc during continuous xploitation. Charactristics of EVO SCGR ULTRASTRESS Growing dmand for fast and costffctiv typs of installation of pips has ld to th nw manufacturing tchnologis (.g., opntrnch tchniqu without filling with sand with rus of th ground and trnchlss tchniqu, i.. installation in plac of old pips with dstruction of th old pips or by mans of insrtion into an old pip using horizontal drilling). This nw tchnologis for installation into trnchs dictat th known prconditions in rgard to cracking proprtis of polythyln pips whn put undr strss. For this rason it is ncssary to dtrmin quality lvl of th polythyln pips, if thir trm of srvic is at last 100 yars. EVO SCGR PE100 Minimum rquird ULTRASTRESS pip mad of PE100RC according strngth (MRC) to matrial quality and safty paramtrs xcds PE100RC any EN standards currntly in forc. Ths pips fatur highr rsistanc to crack propagation PE100 Stiffnss/ than pips mad of PE80 and PE100, that corrsemodulus PE100RC ponds to th rquirmnts of EN 201 and DIN Usually prfrnc is givn to th trnchlss PE100 tchniqu if to compar with th opntrnch Ultimat stiffnss tchniqu, bcaus it allows saving both tim PE100RC and mony. Ovr th last fw yars th trnchlss tchniqu du to th highr mntiond advantarsistanc to rapid PE100 crack propagation gs has obtaind status of th most modrn tchpe100rc (RCP) nology. Trnchlss tchniqu dtrmins highr rquirmnt in rlation to pips if to compar with PE100 Environmntal strss th opntrnch tchniqu. Pips that ar nvicrack rsistanc ronmntal strss crack rsistant during continuous PE100RC (ESCR) xploitation ar markd as pips mad of matrial PE100RC. If th whol pip is mad of on mat 17

15 Prssur Piping Systm EVO SCGR ULTRASTRESS rial PE100RC, thn it corrsponds to th 1st typ following PAS Altrnativ construction mthods crat complx physical loads on pips or strss on pips' matrial that cannot b xactly charactrizd by mans of statistical calculations. In ordr to valuat strss influnc on a pip, an xprimntal approach is usd. In ordr to chck rquird trm of srvic, considring influnc of th thrmal aging procss, it is ncssary to valuat thrmal stability of th pip. Activation nrgy of th thrmal aging procss is dtrmind by mans of th brak tim and Arrhnius law. Bginning of thrmal aging with th lowr probability limit of 100 yars at +20 C is provn using xtrapolation. Pips fatur cuts and crack rsistanc during continuous xploitation. Point loads appar in th pip during installation whn using th opntrnch tchniqu, as wll as th trnchlss tchniqu (.g., du to friction of pips with th stons locatd in th ground). In cas of point loads th strss in pips appars. It can lad to damag of th plastics and as a rsult to braks in th intrnal surfac of th pips. Thrfor EVO SCGR ULTRASTRESS pip mad of th PE100RC matrial was introducd. It faturs point loads and crack rsistanc during continuous xploitation. EVO SCGR ULTRASTRESS Minimum rquird pip is nvironmntal strss crack rsistant, local strngth (MRC) dformations and incrasd strss rsistant. Contrary to th analogus prsnt at th markt offrd by othr manufacturrs, EVO SCGR ULTRASTRESS pip is not a composit on. Th Stiffnss/ pip is compltly manufacturd from PE100Ultimat stiffnss Emodulus RC matrial and is a onpic product. Prssur piping systm EVO SCGR ULTRASTRESS faturs xcllnt mchanical proprtis, long trm of PE100 srvic and installation convninc. Th nw PE100RC prssur piping systm maks installation an asy and quick procss with minimum matrial invstmnts, at th sam tim providing highr Environmntal strss Rsistanc to rapid safty during installation and xploitation. crack rsistanc (ESCR) Pip tsting prformd in concordanc with crack propagation (RCP) rquirmnt of th applid standard, as wll as tim of tsting usd for pips mad of PE100 and PE100RC matrial ar summarizd in Tabl 10. Tabl 10 EN 201, ISO 4427, ISO 4437 Pip EVOAQUA PE100 Pip EVO SCGR ULTRASTRESS PE100RC NPT notchd pip tst 9.2 bar, 80 C for notch pip tsting following EN ISO > 165 h (> 0 h according to nw ISO) Watr > 0 h > 8760 h (1 yar) PLT point load tst 4 MPa, 80 C) for pip point load tsting following Dr. Hssl mthod (laboratd by HESSEL Ingniurtchnik GmbH) Watr + 2% Arkopal N100 Watr + 2 % NM5 > 8760 h (1 yar) > 0 h > 8760 h (1 yar) FNCT full notch crp tst 4 MPa, 80 C) to dtrmin local pip strss concntration following ISO (laboratd by HESSEL Ingniurtchnik GmbH) 18 Watr + 2 % Arkopal N100 > 1000 h > 8760 h (1 yar) Watr + 2 % NM5 > 100 h > 8760 h (1 yar)

16 Prssur Piping Systm EVO SCGR ULTRASTRESS Explanation of Pips EVO SCGR ULTRASTRESS Tsts NPT notchd pip tst for notch pip tsting following EN ISO Tst procdur: Thr ar 4 cuts ach on making 90 mad in th spcimn of a pip. Th dpth of ach cut is > 20% of th pip's wall thicknss. Thn th intrnal prssur qual to 9.2 bar is applid to th pip at 80 C until th cracks appar. Tst duration > 8760 h (1 yar). AA A 90 A L 9.2 bar Tst duration: Applicabl rgulatory rquirmnt to PE100 products > 165 h (soon will b changd to > 0 h) A 80 C Tst rsults: PE100 > 0 h PE100 RC > 8760 h (1yar) End pic PLT point load tst for pip point load tsting following Dr. Hssl mthod (laboratd by HESSEL Ingniurtchnik GmbH) Tst duration: Applicabl rgulatory rquirmnt to PE100 products > 0 h (H2O + 2 % NM5) FORCE Tst procdur: During th tst a stl ball Ø10 mm is applid to th spcimn of a pip. Th spcimn is immrsd into 80 C liquid. Liquid consists of watr with 2% of suprficially activ substanc: Akrapolu N100 or NM5 (mor aggrssiv) Load is gradually incrasd until th matrial rachs its plastic limit. Th spcimn is maintaind in this condition until it is damagd. Prss Constant dformation Ball 10mm 5 mm p = 4 MPa, T = 80 C, H %* Tst rsults: PE100 > 0 h (H2O + 2 % NM5) PE100 RC > 8760 h (1yar) *Suprficially activ substanc FNCT full notch crp tst to dtrmin local pip strss concntration following ISO (laboratd by HESSEL Ingniurtchnik GmbH). Tst procdur: A spcimn with dimnsions 10 x 10 x 100 mm. Thr ar sharp cuts mad in th spcimn along its whol primtr. Th spcimn is immrsd into 80 C liquid. Liquid consists of watr with 2% of suprficially activ substanc: Akrapolu N100 or NM5 (mor aggrssiv) During th tst th spcimn was undr constant strss load qual to 4 N/ mm2 = 4 MPa until braking of th spcimn. In such a way local strss concntration ar simulatd. Tst duration: Applicabl rgulatory rquirmnt to PE100 products > 0 h (H2O + 2 % NM5) Tst rsults: PE100 > 1000 h (H2O + 2 % Akrapolu N100) PE100 > 100 h (H2O + 2 % NM5) PE100 RC > 8760 h (1yar) 1.5 mm σ=f A H20 + 2%* 100 mm 10 mm FORCE FORCE F F A 10 mm *Suprficially activ substanc Basing on Dr. Hssl tsting mthods and making corrlation btwn PLT and FNCT tsting mthods, th crack rsistanc and durability ar guarantd whn using trnchlss tchniqu or opntrnch tchniqu without filling with and backfilling. 19

17 Prssur Piping Systm EVO SCGR ULTRASTRESS Prssur piping systm EVO SCGR ULTRASTRESS includs PEHD watr prssur pips (of th typ PE100RC) in prssur classs from PN8 to PN16 [bar], as wll as a comprhnsiv rang of fittings. Systm faturs nvironmntal strss crack rsistanc during continuous xploitation, as wll as xcllnt mchanical proprtis and installation convninc. Tchnical information Standards Lngths / Packaging Diamtrs from 20 up to 110 mm ar availabl in rolls from m up to 300 m. Diamtrs from 75 to 630 mm ar availabl in bars of 6,, 13.4 m. Corrspondnc to EN 2012:2003 (Plastic piping systms for watr supply. Polythyln [PE] Part 2: Pips); Mchanical proprtis tstd according to ISO11671:2006 (hydrostatic prssur rsistanc), EN ISO 62591:2001, 62593:1997 (tnsil longation), EN ISO 13479:1997 and ISO 13480:1997 (rsistanc to slow crack growth) and EN ISO 13477:2008 (rsistanc to rapid crack propagation); Physical proprtis corrspondnc tstd in accordanc with EN ISO 1133:1999 (mltflow rat), EN 728:1997 (thrmal stability) and EN ISO 25:2005 (longitudinal rvrsion), EN ISO 16871:2003 (rosion rsistanc), DVGW GW 323; Accptanc critria of product's quality: PAS* 1075:200904, Typ No. 1 (Pips Mad From Polythyln For Altrnativ Installation Tchniqus Dimnsions, Tchnical Rquirmnts And Tsting). * PAS Publicly Availabl Spcification Crtification Conclusion of th Conformity Assssmnt Cntr of Construction Products of th Rpublic of Latvia (INSPECTA). Colouring Pip colour is darkblu, RAL 05. Marking Numbr of th standard (EN 201); Rquirmnts for matrial and typ of pip(pas 1075 Typ1) Producr idntification (EVOPIPES); Product nam (EVO SCGR ULTRASTRESS); Dimnsions (diamtr x wall thicknss,.g. 63 x 3.8); SDR sris (.g. SDR17); Matrial dnomination (PE100RC); Prssur class, in bars (.g. PN10); Priod of manufactur (dat or cod). PAS 1075 Typ 1 EVO SCGR UL TRASTRESS 63 x 3.8 SDR17 Opration Tmpratur Joining mthods of systm s lmnts Pip systm is dsignd to b opratd within tmpratur rang from 25ºC up to +90ºC. Nominal Masurmnts (DN) By comprssion fittings; By lctrofusion fittings; By buttfusion. Masurmnts in mm by outsid diamtr (OD), for matrials PE100RC from PN8 to PN16 prssur classs: maks 20, 25, 32, 40,, 63, 75, 90, 110, 5, 140, 160, 180, 200, 225, 2, 280, 315, 355, 400, 4, 0, 560, 630 mm. 20 PE100RC PN

18 Prssur Piping Systm EVO SCGR ULTRASTRESS Advantags of EVO SCGR ULTRASTRESS Pip Systm Using EVO SCGR ULTRASTRESS pips mad of PE100RC matrial with high rsistanc to scratching, as wll as rsistanc to nvironmntal strss crack during continuous xploitation for construction of a piplin systm, thy ar protctd from mchanical damag during installation works. Using an ordinary PE100 typ pip lads to highr costs whn laying th pip into a trnch, as wll as during movmnt and storag of th ground for filling up of this trnch. During installation of a EVO SCGR ULTRASTRESS pip into a trnch it is allowd to us th sam ground for filling that was takn out as an additional matrial around th pip (s pag 63, Tabl 17). This substantially lowrs th amount of th total costs for th objct, as wll as substantially facilitats installation. In placs, whr it is impossibl to apply opntrnch tchniqu, EVO SCGR ULTRASTRESS prssur pip du to its mchanical proprtis, can b usd for installation by mans of th trnchlss tchniqu. For xampl, on of th problms that can appar during pip's installation is that it can b scratchd. An ordinary PE100 typ pip, in cas of a scratch with th dpth of > 10% of th pip's wall thicknss, loss its mchanical rsistanc, but EVO SCGR ULTRASTRESS pip's rsistanc lvl is highr and it dos not los its mchanical rsistanc vn in cas of a scratch with th dpth of 15%. Pip systm of th typ PE100RC has th following faturs: asy stacking, transportation and installation highr rsistanc to mchanical damag; asy pip coupling, using a comprhnsiv rang of fittings; dcrasd tim and costs ncssary for installation, using th sam ground for filling that was takn out; can b usd for horizontal dirctional drilling (trnchlss tchniqu); oprating lif > 100 yars at + 20 ºC (foll. HESSEL Ingniurtchnik GmbH; ISO 4427; 4437). Matrial Pips ar mad of th nw gnration high dnsity polythyln (PEHD) PE100 RC. Physical Proprtis of PE100RC: Dnsity Elasticity Modulus (1 mm/min) Mltflow Rat Thrmal conductivity Linar xpansion Thrmal capacity 960 kg/m³ 00 MPa 0,25 g/10min 0,38 W/m ºC 0,13 mm/m ºC 1900 J/kg ºC foll. ISO 18722/ISO 1183; foll. ISO 5272; foll. ISO 1133; foll. DIN 526 (at + 23 ºC); foll. VDE 0304; calorimtr, (at + 23 ºC). Advantags of PE100RC: Environmntal strss crack rsistanc during continuous xploitation; High local dformations rsistanc; Highr mchanical damag rsistanc; Incrasd strss rsistanc; Vry low rsistanc to flow; Chmically and biologically inrt matrial; Environmntallyfrindly matrial: polythyln is 100% rcyclabl Chmical rsistanc Following ISO/TR and ISO/TR 7620 th pips and fittings possss chmical rsistanc btwn ph 2 (acid) and ph (alkalin). 21

19 Prssur Piping Systm EVO SCGR ULTRASTRESS Pip SDR 11 PE100RC prssur class PN 16 [bar] L [m] 100 /100 //100 //100 Pip SDR 13.6 PE100RC Cod ()BL ()BL ()BL ()BL ()BL BL (0/100)BL (0/0/100)BL (0/0/100)BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL prssur class PN.5 [bar] L [m] 100 /100 //100 //100 Cod ()BL ()BL ()BL ()BL ()BL BL (0/100)BL (0/0/100)BL (0/0/100)BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL

20 Prssur Piping Systm EVO SCGR ULTRASTRESS Pip SDR 17 PE100RC prssur class PN 10 [bar] L [m] 100 /100 //100 //100 Cod ()BL ()BL ()BL ()BL BL (0/100)BL (0/0/100)BL (0/0/100)BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL Pip SDR 21 PE100RC prssur class PN 8 [bar] L [m] 100 /100 //100 //100 Cod ()BL ()BL BL (0/100)BL (0/0/100)BL (0/0/100)BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL BL 23

21 Sction 3 Prssur Piping Systm EVOAQUA Tchnical information 25 Choic of Pip Products 26

22 Prssur Piping Systm EVOAQUA Prssur piping systm EVOAQUA includs PEHD watr prssur pips (of th typ PE100) in prssur classs from PN8 to PN16, as wll as a comprhnsiv rang of fittings. Systm faturs xcllnt mchanical proprtis and installation convninc. Tchnical Information Standards Corrsponds to EN 2012:2003; Mchanical proprtis tstd following EN ISO 11671:2006; Conformity of physical proprtis tstd following EN ISO 62591:2001, ISO 62593:1997, EN ISO 1133:1999 and EN 728. Crtification Conclusion of th Conformity Assssmnt Cntr of Construction Products of th Rpublic of Latvia (INSPECTA). Opration tmpratur Pip systm is dsignd to b opratd within tmpratur rang from 25ºC up to +90ºC. Nominal masurmnts (DN) Masurmnts in mm by outsid diamtr (OD), for matrials PE100, from PN8 to PN16 prssur classs: maks 20, 25, 32, 40,, 63, 75, 90, 110, 5, 140, 160, 180, 200, 225, 2, 280, 315, 355, 400, 4, 0, 560, 630 mm. Lngths / Packaging Diamtrs from 20 up to 110 mm ar availabl in rolls from m up to 300 m; Diamtrs from 75 to 630 mm ar availabl in bars of 6,, 13.4 m. Colouring Pip colour is black, marking strips ar blu. Marking Numbr of th standard (EN 201); Producr idntification (EVOPIPES); Product nam (EVOAQUA); Dimnsions (diamtr x wall thicknss,.g. 63 x 3.8); SDR sris (.g. SDR17); Matrial dnomination (PE100); Prssur class, in bars (.g. PN10); Priod of manufactur (dat or cod). EN 201 EVOAQUA 63 x 3.8 SDR17 PE 100 PN10 Joining Mthods of Systm s Elmnts By comprssion fittings; By lctrofusion fittings; By contact wlding. Advantags of EVOAQUA watr prssur pips Pip systm of th typ PE100 has th following faturs: xcllnt longtrm durability proprtis (up to yars in srvic); high rsistanc to corrosion; vry low rsistanc to flow; chmically and biologically inrt matrial; comprhnsiv rang of joints and adaptr fittings; nvironmntallyfrindly matrial PE is 100% rcyclabl. Matrial Pips ar mad of high dnsity polythyln (PEHD) typ PE100. Physical Proprtis of PE100: Dnsity 9 kg/m³ foll. ISO 1183; Elasticity Modulus 00 MPa foll. ISO 527; 0,5 g/10min foll. ISO 1133; 0,38 W/m C foll. DIN 526 (at + 23 C); Mltflow Rat Thrmal conductivity Linar xpansion 0,13 mm/m C foll. VDE 0304; Thrmal capacity 1900 J/kg C calorimtr (at +23 C). Chmical Rsistanc Following ISO/TR and ISO/TR 7620 th pips and fittings possss chmical rsistanc btwn ph 2 (acid) and ph (alkalin)

23 Prssur Piping Systm EVOAQUA Pip SDR 11 PE100 DN / OD ,0 2,3 3,0 3,7 4,6 5,8 6,8 8,2 10,0 11,4,7 14,6 16,4 18,2 20,5 22,7 25,4 28,6 32,2 36,3 40,9 45,4,8 57,2 prssur class PN16 [bar] 16,0 20,4 26,0 32,6 40,8 51,4 61,4 73,6 90,0 102,2 114,6 130,8 147,2 163,6 184,0 204,6 229,2 257,8 290,6 327,4 368,2 409,2 458,4 515,6 L [m] 100 /100 //100 //100 Pip SDR 13.6 PE DN / OD ,8 2,0 2,4 3,0 3,7 4,7 5,6 6,7 8,1 9,2 10,3 11,8 13,3 14,7 16,6 18,4 20,6 23,2 26,1 29,4 33,1 36,8 41,2 46,3 [m] 16,4 21,0 27,2 34,0 42,6 53,6 63,8 76,6 93,8 106,6 119,4 136,4 153,4 170,6 191,8 213,2 238,8 268,6 302,8 341,2 383,8 426,4 477,6 537,4 Cod () () () () () (0/100) (0/0/100) (0/0/100) prssur class PN.5 [bar] L [m] 100 /100 //100 //100 Cod () () () () () (0/100) (0/0/100) (0/0/100)

24 Prssur Piping Systm EVOAQUA Pip SDR 17 PE100 DN / OD ,8 2,0 2,4 3,0 3,8 4,5 5,4 6,6 7,4 8,3 9,5 10,7 11,9 13,4 14,8 16,6 18,7 21,1 23,7 26,7 29,7 33,2 37,4 prssur class PN10 [bar] [m] 21,4 28,0 35,2 44,0 55,4 66,0 79,2 96,8 110,2 3,4 141,0 158,6 176,2 198,2 220,4 246,8 277,6 3,8 352,6 396,6 440,6 493,6 555,2 L [m] 100 /100 //100 //100 Cod () () () () (0/100) (0/0/100) (0/0/100) Pip SDR 21 PE100 DN / OD ,0 2,4 3,0 3,6 4,3 5,3 6,0 6,7 7,7 8,6 9,6 10,8 11,9 13,4 15,0 16,9 19,1 21,5 23,9 26,7 30,0 prssur class PN8 [bar] [m] 36,0 45,2 57,0 67,8 81,4 99,4 113,0 6,6 144,6 162,8 180,8 203,4 226,2 253,2 285,0 321,2 361,8 407,0 452,2 6,6 570,0 L [m] 100 /100 //100 //100 Cod () () (0/100) (0/0/100) (0/0/100)