Emotion Development I: Early Years When do emotions emerge?

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2 Emotion Development

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4 Emotion Development I: Early Years When do emotions emerge?

5 When do Emotions Emerge? Disgust Crying Happiness Fear

6 When do Emotions Emerge? Disgust Crying Happiness Fear

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9 When do Emotions Emerge? Disgust Crying Happiness Fear

10 Crying BASIC CRY ANGER CRY PAIN CRY Rhythmic Cry Brief silence In-breath whistle Brief rest Like basic More air forced through vocal cords Loud cry Followed by breath holding

11 When do Emotions Emerge? Disgust Crying Happiness Fear

12 Happiness ~ 0 mos (at birth) REFLEXIVE SMILE Usually during REM Not in response to external stimuli ~2 mos. emerges SOCIAL SMILE Responding to external stimuli

13 Emergence of Emotions Disgust Crying Happiness Fear

14 Fear in response Fear/wariness to danger towards strangers ( Visual Cliff )

15 Emotional Referencing: Visual Cliff Study Joseph Campos How do parents communicate emotional information to infants? Emotional referencing Look at caregiver s face for signals

16 Emotional Referencing: Visual Cliff Study Joseph Campos Parent Fear: Communicates danger/threat Infant does not cross cliff Parent Smile: Communicates safety Infant crosses cliff

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18 Clicker Ques-on Research on emo-onal referencing by Joseph Campos suggests that infants who view faces of their caregiver are likely to crawl across a glass visual cliff. A) Neutral; More B) Fearful/Scared; Less C) Neutral; Less D) Fearful/Scared; More B) Fearful/Scared; Less C) Neutral; Less D) Fearful/Scared; More

19 Attachment

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21 Attachment: 4 Categories LOW AVOIDANCE Secure Anxious- Ambivalent LOW ANXIETY HIGH ANXIETY Disorganized -Disoriented Anxious- Avoidant HIGH AVOIDANCE

22 Attachment: Strange Situation 4 Secure Categories Uses caregiver as a secure base for exploration. Protests caregiver s departure and seeks proximity and is comforted on return, returning to exploration. May be comforted by the stranger but shows clear preference for the caregiver. Anxious-Avoidant Anxious-Ambivalent Little affective sharing in play. Little or no distress on departure, little or no visible response to return, ignoring or turning away with no effort to maintain contact if picked up. Treats the stranger similarly to the caregiver. Unable to use caregiver as a secure base, seeking proximity before separation occurs. Distressed on separation with ambivalence, anger, reluctance to warm to caregiver and return to play on return. Preoccupied with caregiver s availability, seeking contact but resisting angrily when it is acheived. Not easily calmed by stranger. Disorganized- Disoriented Stereotypes on return such as freezing or rocking. Lack of coherent attachment strategy show by contradictory, disoriented behaviors such as approaching but with the back turned.

23 Clicker Ques-on In the Strange Situa-on Paradigm, you observe a child who seeks contact with his/her caregiver but resists angrily when it is achieved. This is most characteris-c of which aqachment style? A) Anxious- Ambivalent B) Secure C) Disorganized- Avoidant D) Anxious- Avoidant B) Fearful/Scared; Less C) Neutral; Less D) Fearful/Scared; More

24 Bu t what happens when emotional development goes awry?

25 Autism Spectrum Disorders social impairment = emotional impairment?

26 Autism Spectrum Disorders hans asperger Not everything that steps out of line, and thus abnormal, must necessarily be inferior. -Hans Asperger (1938)

27 Autism Spectrum Disorders dsm-iv-tr symptoms TRIAD OF IMPAIRMENT I. Restrictive, repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests & activities

28 Autism Spectrum Disorders i. restrictive & repetitive interests & behaviors hqp://au-smspeaks.player.abacast.com/asdvideoglossary- 0.1/player/firstsigns

29 Autism Spectrum Disorders dsm-iv-tr symptoms TRIAD OF IMPAIRMENT I.Restrictive, repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests & activities II. Impairment in Communication

30 Autism Spectrum Disorders dsm-iv-tr symptoms TRIAD OF IMPAIRMENT I.Restrictive, repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests & activities II. Impairment in Communication III. Impairments in Social & Emotional Interaction

31 Autism Spectrum Disorders emotional & social interaction III. Impairment in Emotional & Social Interaction -Inability to use/read non-verbal behaviors (eye gaze, facial expressions, gestures) -Lack of spontaneous seeking to share emotions with others (e.g., pointing, showing, bringing) -Lack of social and emotional reciprocity

32 Autism Spectrum Disorders iii. emotional & social interaction :// hqp://au-smspeaks.player.abacast.com/asdvideoglossary- 0.1/player/firstsigns/asdvg_about.htm

33 Autism Spectrum Disorders where is emotion difficulty? Basic vs. Self-Conscious Emotions Happy, Fear, Sad, Anger, Disgust, Surprise Embarrassment, Shame, Pride, Guilt Do not require complex social cognition Require complex social cognition Do not require understanding other s mental states (i.e., Theory of Mind) Require understanding other s mental states (i.e., ToM) Deficits in Autism? Deficits in Autism?

34 Autism Spectrum Disorders trouble with self-conscious emotions?

35 Autism and Emotion (heerey, capps, & keltner, 2003) Choose From List or Generate Own Emotion Label Anger, Contempt, Disgust, Embarrassment, Fear, Happiness, Neutral, Sadness, Shame, Surprise)

36 Autism and Emotion (heerey, capps, & keltner, 2003) Choose From List or Generate Own Emotion Label Anger, Contempt, Disgust, Embarrassment, Fear, Happiness, Neutral, Sadness, Shame, Surprise)

37 Autism and Emotion (heerey, capps, & keltner, 2003)