7/28/09. Note to participants downloading this file:

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Griselda Pitts
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Note to participants downloading this file: I am excited about this very new presentation, and I am genuinely looking forward to this year s conference.

1 Note to participants downloading this file: I am excited about this very new presentation, and I am genuinely looking forward to this year s conference. I am continuing work on this new presentation, and I will have available to you additional materials on the day of the workshop. Also, so many of the slides in this presentation are devoted to demonstration, and not notes worthy, so this file may seem small. Carol Gray, Restricted permission is given to participants at Trust that ultimately you will have all that you need to enjoy and benefit from this presentation. One final note I have stripped the slides of all photos and backgrounds to save the ink in your printer. I can assure you that the slides that you will be seeing at Penn State are far more interesting! Carol Gray 1

2 Retention Pyramid Percentage of material which is retained based on method by which it is learned Audio-Visual Methods in Teaching (1969) Holt Rinehart,Winston. Edgar Dale (1946). Check out the social environment: Where am I and who s here? Goal Setting: What do I want to accomplish? Accessing the social repertoire: What have I done in the past to solve this problem? To meet this goal? How am I feeling right now? Selecting the strategy from the social repertoire: What will work? Can I do this (self efficacy)? Social 1. of or having to do with human beings, etc. in their living together. Context 1. the parts just before and after a passage, that determine its meaning, 2. the whole background or environment, as of an event Agnes, M. (2003) Webster s New World Dictionary. New York, New York: Simon & Schuster, Inc. Agnes, M. (2003) Webster s New World Dictionary. New York, New York: Simon & Schuster, Inc. 2

3 Social Context 1. Place People plus any place, purpose, predicament, endeavor, and/or event. 7. Paradigms 6. Past, Present, Future 2. People 3. Purpose / Predicament 5. Perception & (Cognitive) Perspective 4. Perspective (Vantage Point) 3

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5 We readily know and apply another person s vantage point, and respond accordingly. 5

6 Typically developing infants demonstrate an understanding of categories before their first birthday (Quinn & Oates, 2004). From Social Stories, Categorization, and Generalization in Autism Spectrum Disorders, Gray, C. In press, Brookes Publishing Company Evidence suggests that the formation of prototypes is impaired in individuals with ASDs (Gastgeb et. al., 2006; Klinger & Dawson, 2001; Plaisted, 2000). 6

7 Similar to the way plastic bins can be used to sort toys and bring order to a playroom, categorization organizes experience. Minshew & Williams Studies of the brains of individuals with autism provide evidence of differences in how the brain is organized, in how it functions, even in its size. Thinking differently is not a choice in autism (p.45) Slides in this segment are based on or inspired by a chapter titled, Brain -Behavior Connections in Autism by Nancy J. Minshew & Diane L. Williams., in Learners on the Autism Spectrum: Preparing Highly Qualified Educators. The book is edited by Kari Dunn Buron and Pamela Wolfberg, and published by Autism Asperger Publishing Company, Kansas, Minshew, Goldstein, & Siegel, matched pairs with autism, compared to normal controls Profile of intact and enhanced abilities Neuropsychologic functioning in autism: Profile of a complex information processing disorder. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 3, From Brain-Behavior Connections in Autism by Nancy J. Minshew & Diane L. Williams, in Learners on the Autism Spectrum, 2008, pp

8 Intact or Enhanced Abilities and Deficits in Adults with High-Functioning Autism Intact or Enhanced Attention Cognitive Weaknesses Sensory Perception Complex Motor Elementary Motor Complex Memory Complex Language Simple Memory Concept Formation Formal Language Face Recognition Rule Learning Visuospatial processing Complex Memory You ll need a pen and paper. Please write your answers in cursive: From Brain-Behavior Connections in Autism by Nancy J. Minshew & Diane L. Williams, in Learners on the Autism Spectrum, 2008, p. 48. Harrison 2 ½ years old Diagnosed with ASD Many challenging responses to daily activities Harrison 1. Adheres to stop signs 2. Not yet verbal 3. Loves trains 4. Plays with blocks 5. Prefers peas 6. Replays family movies 7. Leaves home 8. Frequent lollipop tantrums 9. Difficult transitions 10. It SPINS! 11. Washing machine ON 12. Arranges landscape stones 8

9 Two equally valid but different perspectives 1. Yours 2. The person with autism Therefore NEVER ARGUE PERCEPTION 9

10 What is a Paradigm?...commonly used today to mean a perception, assumption, theory, frame of reference or lens through which you view the world. Stephen R. Covey, The 8 th Habit, 2004, p

Regardless of setting or endeavor, a paradigm alters perception, colors judgment, and to a large extent, determines action in the same way a lead domino influences the direction that all

But if you want to make significant, quantum improvement, work on paradigms. (Covey 2004, p. 19) In The 8th Habit, Covey emphasizes that a paradigm may be accurate or inaccurate,.

11 Regardless of setting or endeavor, a paradigm alters perception, colors judgment, and to a large extent, determines action in the same way a lead domino influences the direction that all of the others fall. If you want to make minor, incremental changes and improvements, work on practices, behavior or attitude. But if you want to make significant, quantum improvement, work on paradigms. (Covey 2004, p. 19) In The 8th Habit, Covey emphasizes that a paradigm may be accurate or inaccurate,...like the map of a territory or city. If inaccurate, it will make no difference how hard you try to find your destination or how positively you think you ll stay lost. If accurate, then diligence or attitude matter. But not until (Covey 2004, p. 19). 11

They are the only required type of sentence in a Social Story /Article.

12 Descriptive Sentences Descriptive Sentences are factual, objective, assumption-anddebate-free statements. They are the only required type of sentence in a Social Story /Article. Collectively they describe 1) context and/or 2) the relevant aspects of a situation, person, activity, skill, or concept. 12

13 Which are Descriptive Sentences? Our house has 3 bedrooms. My sister is an infant. She can t talk yet. Sometimes when she cries it means, I m hungry. It s right to share. Interrupting is rude. It doesn t help Mom when I tantrum. If it rains, we will do something else. 13

14 StoryMaster Master file n. A computer file that is used as a master for creating others similar to it. StoryMaster n. A Story that is used as a master or model for others similar to it. StoryMasters can help: 1. New Authors 2. Quickly develop Stories for a group 3. Support categorization and generalization 4. Develop concepts The Secrets of Storytelling: Why We Love a Good Yarn Jeremy Hsu, Scientific American Mind September, Storytelling is a human universal 14

15 These characteristics of stories reveal clues about the roots of empathy and emotion in the mind. (Hsu, paraphrased) stories are an important tool for learning and for developing relationships within one s social group. Hsu, in his summary an article by Steven Pinker, Harvard University Psychologist, in Philosophy and Literature, April (2007) My reply I work in the field of autism spectrum disorders, and developed the now popular educational intervention, Social Stories, in A Social Story describes a situation, skill, or concept in terms of the relevant social cues, perspectives, and common responses in a specifically defined style and format. The goal of every Social Story is to share information using a format, voice and content that is descriptive, meaningful, and socially and emotionally safe for its audience. Every Social Story has an overall patient and reassuring quality. This wonderful article further confirms my theory that one of the reasons Social Stories "work" so well is because stories work for all people... While Social Stories are defined by ten characteristics that are consistent with the learning profile of people with autism spectrum disorders, I believe ultimately we will discover their success is rooted in human nature. Thank you for a great article. More information on Social Stories is available at - Carol Gray, President, The Gray Center for Social Learning and Understanding 15

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17 The Genuine Art of Conversation: Comic Strip Conversations Cracker Jack by Pete Escobedo 17

18 Social Stories Share Information via Text and Format Social Stories Share Information via Text and Format Social Stories Share Information via Text and Format I have an invitation to Angela s birthday party. She is going to be six years old. 18

other parties. Last year I went to Tracey s party. There was a cake. We played games.

At Angela s party, there may be a. There are often games at a birthday party.

19 Social Stories Share Information via Text and Format Social Stories Share Information via Text and Format To guess what we will eat and do at Angela s party, I may try thinking of other parties. Last year I went to Tracey s party. There was a cake. We played games. Social Stories Share Information via Text and Format Social Stories Share Information via Text and Format There is often a birthday cake at a birthday party. At Angela s party, there may be a. There are often games at a birthday party. At Angela s party, there may be. 19

20 Last Monday, Ann chose the restaurant. Today, I may choose the restaurant. Next Monday gather in When there is an assembly, many students the same place. Five Factors: Voice & Vocabulary A deep breath helps some children feel more relaxed. When my feelings get big, I may try taking a slow, deep breath. 1. 1st or 3 rd person perspective 2. Positive & patient tone 3. Past, present, or future tense 4. Literally Accurate 5. Accurate meaning 20

21 The Past Tense: The Key to a Warehouse of Experience The Past Tense: The Key to a Warehouse of Experience 1. Problem Solving: The past holds clues to new solutions. To learn how to play Candy Land, we followed the directions on the box. 2. Emotion Regulation: Self talk often relies on past experience Sometimes visits to the dentist are quick.. 21

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ECTA Handouts Keynote Address. Affective Education. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. Affective Education. Affective Education 19/06/2010

ECTA Handouts Keynote Address. Affective Education. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. Affective Education. Affective Education 19/06/2010 ECTA Handouts Keynote Address ECTA: International Trends in Behavioural Guidance Approaches 26 th June 2010 Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Affective Development (maturity, vocabulary and repair). Cognitive