Emergency Approaches to Neurosurgical Conditions

Transcription

1 Emergency Approaches to Neurosurgical Conditions

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3 Abhishek Agrawal Gavin Britz Editors Emergency Approaches to Neurosurgical Conditions

4 Editors Abhishek Agrawal, M.D Department of Neurosurgery and Radiology Brigham and Women s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, MA USA Gavin Britz Department of Neurosurgery Methodist Neurological Institute Houston, TX USA ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (

5 Preface Patients with neurosurgical conditions are almost always referred from either primary care physicians, neurologists, internist, or a specialist in family medicine. This two-volume guide will answer commonly asked questions about neurosurgical conditions related to brain and spinal cord, in an attempt to fill in the gap and answer numerous questions that arise after a diagnosis is made, explaining the basics of neurosurgical disease spectrum and their management options. Comprehensive Guide to Neurosurgical Conditions ( Volume I ) updates the reader on basic neuroanatomy and physiology, including general neurosurgical conditions, ideal neurosurgical and intensive care unit set up, second opinion, brain death, and organ donation in a comprehensive and concise manner. Comprehensive Guide which is part of a book set including Emergency Approaches to Neurosurgical Conditions ( Volume II ) delves into different kinds of complex brain surgeries and focuses on the surgical aspect of neurosurgical conditions, including management of tumors, aneurysms, and pediatric conditions in chapters written by reputed neurosurgeons in their allied subspecialty. This two-volume book set also aims to replace excessinformation obtained on the internet about a particular neurosurgical disease, which may be too overwhelming, not complied properly, not updated, or may be misinterpreted, misunderstood, or irrelevant for that particular disease. This concise book is intended not only for neurologists or neurosurgeons who have direct patient interaction but also for brain surgery patients and their families, medical students, v

6 vi Preface paramedics, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, health planners, residents, and fellows who are already trained or in training, to get a quick glimpse of neurosurgical conditions encountered on a day-to-day basis. Boston, MA, USA Houston, TX, USA Abhishek Agrawal Gavin Britz

7 Acknowledgments The key to success of any project depends upon the inputs and guidance received from persons associated with the project. Fortunately for us, there was encouragement, guidance, and support from all quarters of life. Great are those who teach and inspire. They deserve gratitude which can be expressed at a time like this. Our inestimable gratitude goes to our colleagues and authors who spend their precious time contributing chapters for this book. We are also thankful to our assistant, Peggy Kelly, who managed to keep track of the chapters and authors. In addition, we would like to express our gratitude to Melissa Morton, Julia Megginson, and R. Nithyatharani from Springer Publishers for their collegiality. Behind all this is the unconditional support, motivation, and encouragement from our family members, parents, and children who have always been a source of strength and inspiration. Abhishek Agrawal Gavin Britz vii

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9 Contents 1 Non-malignant Brain Tumors... 1 Shawn L. Hervey-Jumper and Mitchel S. Berger 2 Malignant Brain Tumors Leonardo Rangel-Castilla and Robert F. Spetzler 3 Pituitary Tumors David S. Baskin 4 Pediatric Brain Tumors Mihir Gupta and Gerald A. Grant 5 Congenital Neurosurgical Problems Herbert Edgar Fuchs 6 Hydrocephalus Anthony M. Avellino 7 Chiari Syndrome Samuel Braydon Harris and Richard G. Ellenbogen 8 Brain Aneurysms Yi Jonathan Zhang, Virendra Desai, Orlando Diaz, Richard P. Klucznik, and Gavin Britz 9 Brain Arteriovenous Malformations Andrew B. Shaw, Daniel S. Ikeda, Evan S. Marlin, and Ciarán J. Powers 10 Moyamoya Disease Teresa E. Bell-Stephens and Gary K. Steinberg ix

10 x Contents 11 Medical Management of a Stroke Mary Guhwe, Kelly Blessing, Susan Chioffi, and Carmelo Graffagnino 12 Neuro-Interventional Management of a Stroke Jan Vargas, Alejandro M. Spiotta, Raymond Turner, Imran Chaudry, and Aquilla S. Turk 13 Symptoms and Signs to Look for After a Spinal Cord Injury Graham H. Creasey 14 Evaluation of Spinal Alignment G. Alexander West 15 Herniated Discs of the Spine Brandon D. Liebelt and J. Bob Blacklock 16 Spinal Fusion Paul J. Holman, Blake Staub, and Matthew McLaurin 17 Spinal Cord Tumors Robert E. Isaacs and Vijay Agarwal 18 Surgical Treatment of Epilepsy Todd S. Trask and Videndra Desai Index

11 Contributors Vijay Agarwal, MD Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA Anthony M. Avellino, MD, MBA Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA David S. Baskin, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA Teresa E. Bell-Stephens, RN, BSN, CNRN Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Mitchel S. Berger, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA J. Bob Blacklock, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX, USA Kelly Blessing, FNP Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, 2900 Bryan Research Building Research Drive, Durham, NC, USA Gavin Britz, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA Imran Chaudry, MD Department of Radiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA xi

12 xii Contributors Susan Chioffi, RN, MSN, ACNP-BC Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA Graham H. Creasey, MB, ChB, FRCSEd Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Stanford, Palo Alto, CA, USA Videndra Desai, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA Virendra Desai, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX, USA Orlando Diaz, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA Richard G. Ellenbogen, MD, FACS Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA Herbert E. Fuchs, MD, PhD, FAANS, FAAP Department of Surgery, Duke Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA Carmelo Graffagnino, MD Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, 2900 Bryan Research Building Research Drive, Durham, NC, USA Gerald A. Grant, MD, FACS Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University Medical Center/Lucile Packard Children Hospital, Standord, CA, USA Mary Guhwe, RN, MSN, FNP-BC, SCRN Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA Mihir Gupta, BA School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA Samuel Braydon Harris Columbia University, New York, USA

13 Contributors xiii Shawn L. Hervey-Jumper, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA Paul J. Holman, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX, USA Daniel S. Ikeda, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University s Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA Robert E. Isaacs, MD Division of Neurological Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA Richard P. Klucznic, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA Brandon D. Liebelt Department of Neurosurgery, Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX, USA Evan S. Marlin, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University s Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA Matthew McLaurin, MD Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA Ciarán J. Powers, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University s Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA Leonardo Rangel-Castilla, MD Division of Neurological Surgery, c/o Neuroscience Publications, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA Andrew B. Shaw, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University s Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA

14 xiv Contributors Robert F. Spetzler, MD Division of Neurological Surgery, c/o Neuroscience Publications, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph s Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA Alejandro M. Spiotta, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA Blake Staub, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX, USA Gary K. Steinberg, MD,PhD Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA Todd S. Trask, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX, USA Aquilla S. Turk, DO Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA Raymond Turner, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA Jan Vargas, MD Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA Alexander West, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA Yi Jonathan Zhang, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX, USA