Fundamentals of Operative Techniques in Neurosurgery

Transcription

1 Fundamentals of Operative Techniques in Neurosurgery Edited by E Sander / McKhann, Guy M II / Huang, Judy / Choudhri, Tanvir Connolly von Guy M. McKhann Edited by E. Sander Connolly 1. Auflage Fundamentals of Operative Techniques in Neurosurgery Edited by E. Sander Connolly schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei beck-shop.de DIE FACHBUCHHANDLUNG Thematische Gliederung: Neurochirurgie Thieme 2002 Verlag C.H. Beck im Internet: ISBN

2 12082FM.PGS 11/8/01 11:58 AM Page v Contributors xiii Preface xxi Acknowledgments xxiii I. Operating Room Supplies, Instruments, and Equipment A. Neurological Institute Procedure Carts Burr-Hole Procedures Carotid Endarterectomy Craniotomy/Craniectomy Procedures Endoscopic Procedures Functional Procedures Peripheral Nerve Procedures Shunt Procedures Spinal Procedures Stereotactic Procedures Transsphenoidal Procedures B. Neurological Institute Instrument Trays Burr-Hole Tray (Tray 1) Craniotomy Trays (Trays 2 4) Electrocautery Trays (Trays 5 11) Microsurgical Trays (Trays 12 21) Retractors (Trays 22 24) Shunt Tray (Tray 25) Stereotactic Trays (Trays 26 28) Spinal Trays (Trays 29 36) Suction Trays (Trays 37 38) v

3 12082FM.PGS 11/8/01 11:58 AM Page vi vi 20. Tumor Trays (Trays 39 47) Vascular Trays (Trays 48 55) Other Trays (Trays 56 60) C. Supplies, Instruments, and Equipment by Vendor Aneurysm, Arteriovenus Malformation, and Other Vascular Clips Audiovisual Equipment Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunts, Catheters, Reservoirs, and Drainage Equipment Drapes and Gowns Drills, Drill Bits, and Accessories Electrosurgical Generators and Instruments Endoscopes and Endoscopic Instruments Endovascular Instruments and Equipment Biografts, Implants, and Substitutes Cervical Collars, Halo Systems, Orthoses, and Traction Equipment Head Clamps, Skull Pins, and Tongs Headlights and Light Sources Implantable Stimulators and Pumps Diagnostic and Intraoperative Imaging Surgical Loupes Microscopes ICP, CBF, Neurophysiological, and Other Monitoring Equipment Operating Tables and Accessories Plating and Fixation Systems Radiosurgery and Radiation Therapy Equipment Retractors and Retraction Systems Stereotactic and Image-Guided Surgery Equipment Suction Tubes/Cannulas Sutures, Skin Staples, and Scalp Clips Ultrasonic Aspirators, Lasers, and Lesioning Equipment

4 12082FM.PGS 11/8/01 11:58 AM Page vii vii II. Intra- and Extracranial Procedures A. Major Cranial Approaches General Craniotomy Techniques Pterional Craniotomy Lateral Suboccipital Approach Subtemporal Approach (Intra- or Extradural) Temporal Approach Presigmoid Approach Far Lateral Approach to the Skull Base Transsphenoidal Approach Supracerebellar-Infratentorial Approach Transcallosal Approach Orbitozygomatic Approach Dolenc Approach Frontal Approach Occipital Approach Reoperative Craniotomy Trauma Flap Superior Parietal Lobule Approach B. Cranial Vascular Procedures Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm Ophthalmic Artery Aneurysm Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm Vertebral Artery Aneurysm Basilar Artery Aneurysm Distal Berry and Nonberry Aneurysms Cortical Arteriovenous Malformations Subcortical Arteriovenous Malformations Dural (Intracranial) Arteriovenous Malformations Supratentorial Cavernous Malformations Infratentorial Cavernous Malformations Carotid Endarterectomy Superficial Temporal Artery Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass Reversed Saphenous Vein Bypass Intracerebral Hematoma Evacuation

5 12082FM.PGS 11/8/01 11:58 AM Page viii viii C. Cranial Tumor Procedures Convexity and Parasagittal Meningiomas Foramen Magnum Meningiomas Sphenoid Wing Meningiomas Tuberculum Sellae (Planum Sphenoidale) and Olfactory Groove Meningiomas Tentorial Meningiomas Glioma Frontal Glioma Temporal Glioma Occipital Glioma Parietal Stereotactic Biopsy for Basal Ganglia and Deep Lesions Glioma Brain Stem Glioma Hypothalamic Region Acoustic Neuromas (Vestibular Schwannomes) Craniopharyngioma Pineal-Region Tumors Colloid Cysts Esthesioneuroblastoma Optic-Nerve Glioma Metastatic Tumor D. Cranial Functional Procedures Temporal Lobectomy and Radical Amygdalohippocampectomy Subdural Grid Placement Stereotactic Placement of Temporal Depth Electrodes Neocortical Mapping and Awake Operations Extratemporal Nonlesional Epilepsy Surgery Corpus Callosotomy Cingulotomy Stereotactic Microelectrode-Guided Pallidotomy; Pallidal or Subthalamic Nucleus (STN) Deep- Brain Stimulation (DBS) Stereotactic Thalamotomy or Thalamic Deep-Brain Stimulation E. Cranial Trauma Procedures Epidural Hematoma Evacuation

6 12082FM.PGS 11/8/01 11:58 AM Page ix ix 110. Subdural Hematomas Repair of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Gunshot Wounds to the Head F. Cranial Infection Procedures Infected Bone Flap and Subdural or Epidural Abscess (Empyema) Intracranial Abscess Neurocysticercosis Neurosurgical Management of Toxoplasmosis G. Hydrocephalus Procedures Stereotactic Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Primary Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Revision Ventriculoatrial Shunt Ventriculopleural Shunt External Ventricular Drain (Ventriculostomy) Ventricular Access Device H. Other Cranial Procedures Scalp Lesions Skull Defects: Cranioplasty III. Spinal Procedures A. Major Spinal Approaches Transoral Approach Suboccipital Approach Posterior Cervical Approach Anterior Cervical Approach for Diskectomy, Corpectomy, and Arthrodesis Posterior Thoracic Approach Retropleural Thoracotomy Costotransversectomy Transthoracic Thoracotomy Thoracoscopic Diskectomy Retroperitoneal Approach Posterior Lumbar Approach Dorsal Sacrectomy B. Degenerative-Disk Procedures Lumbar Diskectomy

7 12082FM.PGS 11/8/01 11:58 AM Page x x 139. Lumbar Stenosis Decompression Posterior Cervical Diskectomy Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: Cervical Decompression C. Spinal Vascular Procedures Spinal Arteriovenous Malformations Spinal Arteriovenous Fistulas Spinal Cavernous Malformations D. Spinal Tumor Procedures Intramedullary Astrocytoma Intramedullary Ependymoma Intramedullary Lipoma Intramedullary Teratoma Other Intramedullary Spinal-Cord Lesions Spinal Neurofibromas and Schwannomas Spinal Meningiomas Spinal Metastatic Tumors E. Spinal Functional Procedures Spinal-Cord Stimulator Implantable Pumps Thoracoscopic Sympathectomy Cordotomy F. Spinal Trauma Procedures Penetrating Spinal Trauma G. Spinal Infection Procedures Spinal Epidural Abscess H. Other Spinal Procedures Shunting in Syringomyelia I. Spinal Fusion/Instrumentation General Fusion Principles Iliac-Crest Graft Harvesting Odontoid Screw Placement Occipitocervical Fusion C1 C2 Fusion Anterior Cervical Plating Thoracolumbar Instrumentation Cage Lumbosacral Interbody Fusion

8 12082FM.PGS 11/8/01 11:58 AM Page xi xi IV. Pediatric Procedures A. Pediatric Vascular Procedures Vein of Galen Malformations Superficial Temporal Artery Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass and Saphenous (External Carotid Artery Middle Cerebral Artery) Bypass Encephalo-Dural-Arterio-Synangiosis (EDAS) B. Pediatric Developmental Procedures Encephalocele Repair Myelomeningocele Repair C. Pediatric Spinal Procedures Tethered-Spinal-Cord Release Posterior Fossa Decompression for Chiari Malformations D. Pediatric Cranial Synostosis Procedures Sagittal Synostosis Coronal Synostosis Metopic Synostosis E. Pediatric Functional/Epilepsy Procedures Peri-Insular Functional Hemispherectomy F. Pediatric Trauma Procedures Depressed Skull Fractures G. Other Pediatric Procedures Arachnoid Cyst V. Endovascular Procedures Percutaneous Retrograde Femoral Artery Puncture Endovascular Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms Endovascular Treatment of Arteriovenous Malformations Endovascular Treatmeat of Intracranial and Spinal Tumors Endovascular Treatment of Carotid Cavernous Fistulas Endovascular Carotid-Artery Occlusion

9 12082FM.PGS 11/8/01 11:58 AM Page xii xii VI. Radiosurgical Procedures Gamma-Knife Radiosurgery for Arteriovenous Malformations Gamma-Knife Radiosurgery for Tumors Gamma-Knife Radiosurgery for Trigeminal Neuralgia VII. Peripheral Nerve Procedures Brachial Plexus Exploration Ulnar-Nerve Decompression Carpal-Tunnel Release Muscle and Peripheral Nerve Biopsy VIII. Minor Procedures Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap) Lumbar Subarachnoid Drain (Spinal Drain) Shunt Tap Shunt Externalization Arterial Catheterization Central Venous Catheterization Appendix Index