Impact of Lygus lineolaris Management on Biodiversity in Cotton IPM

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1 Impact of Lygus lineolaris Management on Biodiversity in Cotton IPM Jeff Gore, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS Don Cook Angus Catchot Fred Musser Roger Leonard Gus Lorenz Scott Stewart

2 Mid-South Cotton States Lygus spp. Control Costs - 29 Missouri 5.64 Tennessee Arkansas Louisiana Alabama Mississippi

3 6 Applications 12 Applications

4 Pyrethroid Discriminating Dose Bioassay Percent Survival Gordon Snodgrass, USDA-ARS, Stoneville Permethrin, 15 μg/vial, 3 hours

5 Acephate Resistance Survey Gordon Snodgrass, USDA-ARS, Stoneville Mean LC Resistant Locations 25 6 of of of of

6 11 Tarnished Plant Bug Control Mid-South States 123 Tests Orthene and Bidrin Maximum Percent Control Data adapted from Arthropod Management Tests

7 Insecticide Use Patterns Insecticide Use Patterns OP s Neonicotinoids Organophosphates OP + Pyrethroid Diamond Organophosphates Neonicotinoids + Pyrethroid Diamond Planting Neonicotinoid Seed Trts 1 st Square 1 st Flower Peak Flower Cutout DO NOT SPRAY

8 Insecticide Application Intervals Acephate - Acephate 4 Days 5 Days 6 Days 7 Days Nymphs / 6 ft (1.8 m) Pre-treatment 4 DAT with Orthene (.5 lb) Percent Pre-Test Counts Percent Control

9 Evolution of Insecticide Use Rates 1.2 Lb ai / A Bidrin Acephate

10 Percent Square Damage Tank Mixes Centric (2.5) Endigo (5) Trimax Pro (1.8) Leverage (5) Orthene (1) Orthene (.5) + Brigade (6.4) Non-treated bc d b c b c a

11 12 Foliar Insect Control: Mississippi 1 Cost ($ per Acre)

12 How has this impacted biodiversity in cotton? Secondary Pest Outbreaks: Cotton Aphids and Spider Mites Both are generally maintained at relatively low levels by natural enemies until the natural enemy complex is disrupted. Selection for resistance

13 Insecticide Applications Lygus Aphids Number / A

14 Correlation Between Lygus Control and Aphid Control r =.841 Aphid Applications Lygus Applications

15 Cotton Aphid Leaf-Dip Bioassays HAT LC5 (ppm) Fold Centric

16 25 Cotton Aphid Leaf-Dip Bioassays HAT Fold LC5 (ppm) Centric

17 Foliar Aphid Control - 28 Angus Catchot - Grenada, MS # / 5 Leaves Check 281 Centric 2 oz + NIS 228 Centric 2 oz + 2.5% UAN 13.8 Intruder.8 oz Carbine 2 oz Trimax Pro 1.8 oz 11.5 Transform 1.45 oz. Centric LC5 = 1.71 at 72h

18 Foliar Aphid Control - 21 Stoneville, MS # / 5 Leaves A B C C D Check Centric (2) Intruder (1.1) Transform (.725) Transform (1.45) Centric LC5 = at 72h

19 Foliar Aphid Control - 21 Angus Catchot - Grenada, MS 7 6 A AB # / 5 Leaves BC C C D D 1 Check Centric (2.) Intruder (1.1) Belay (4.) Carbine (2.8) Transform (.725) Transform (1.5) Centric LC5 = 2.9 at 72h

20 1 Cotton Aphid Leaf-Dip Bioassays HAT 8 LC5 (ppm) Fold Carbine

21 Sulfoxaflor Sulfoxaflor is a member of a new chemical class of insecticides: Sulfoximines Discovered by and proprietary to Dow AgroSciences Sulfoxaflor is targeted for global development in all major crop groups Insecticide Class: Sulfoximine S Transform WG CF 3 N O NCN Rates: oz./a

22 Cotton Aphid Leaf-Dip Bioassays HAT 1 8 LC5 (ppm) Fold Sulfoxaflor

23 1 Cotton Aphid Leaf-Dip Bioassays HAT 8 LC5 (ppm) Fold Sulfoxaflor

24 Insecticide Applications Lygus Spider Mites Number / A

25 Spider Mite Applications Insecticide Applications r = Lygus Applications

26 Insecticide Applications Lygus Acres Infested Acres Sprayed Number / A Percent

27 Insecticide Applications Number / A Lygus Sprays Mite Sprays

28 Summary and Conclusions Tarnished plant bug is THE key pest of cotton in the Mississippi River Valley Resistance to pyrethroids and OP s is widespread Use rates have doubled over the last 1 years The number of applications has more than doubled

29 Summary and Conclusions Intense plant bug management is impacting other pests Cotton aphids are becoming resistant to the neonicotinoids Spider mites have become an important early to mid-season pest Natural enemy complexes are being disrupted

30 We are on the Pesticide Treadmill

31 Thank You