POLAR COVALENT BOND 1 P
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1 POLAR COVALENT BOND 1 P HP OXYGEN HIGHER ELECTRO- O WATER MOLECULE HYDROGEN LOWER ELECTRO- H BOND BOND H ELECTRO- = 3.5 ELECTRO- = 2.1 ELECTRO- = 2.1 = E-
2 POLAR COVALENT BOND +/- - 1 P? CHARGE OXYGEN HIGHER ELECTRO- O WATER MOLECULE HYDROGEN LOWER ELECTRO- H BOND BOND H ELECTRO- = 3.5 = E- +? CHARGE ELECTRO- = 2.1 ELECTRO- = 2.1 HIGHLY POLAR
3 I PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER POLAR SOLUTE = POLAR SOLUTE +/-
4 +/- PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER BILAYER INHIBITS PASSAGE POLAR SOLUTES = POLAR SOLUTE +/-
5 PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER WATER POLAR = WATER +/-
6 = WATER +/-
7 = WATER +/- >
8 w WATER MOVES FREELY ACROSS PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER = WATER +/-
9 IN WATER S SMALL MOLECULE SIZE PERMITS PASSAGE = WATER +/-
10 ^ PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER INEFFICIENT WATER PASSAGE = WATER +/-
11 AQUAPORIN PROTEINS
12 AP PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER = WATER +/-
13 = WATER +/- AQUAPORIN PROTEIN
14 = WATER +/- AQUAPORIN PROTEIN
15 > AQUAPORIN PROTEIN = WATER +/-
16 AP WATER MOVES FREELY ACROSS AQUAPORIN PROTEIN = WATER +/-
17 AQUAPORIN PROTEIN
18 AQUAPORIN PROTEIN WATER SPECIFIC CHANNEL PROTEIN AQUAPORIN PROTEIN
19 WC AQUAPORIN PROTEIN = WATER +/-
20 CHANNEL PERMITS WATER PASSAGE WATER SPECIFIC CHANNEL = WATER +/-
21 = WATER +/- CHANNEL PERMITS WATER PASSAGE
22 EF CHANNEL PERMITS WATER PASSAGE = WATER +/-
23 ^ AQUAPORIN PROTEIN EFFICIENT WATER PASSAGE = WATER +/-
24 WATER MEMBRANE TRANSPORT SUMMARY
25 = WATER +/- PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER
26 = WATER +/-
27 = WATER +/- W
28 IN WATER MOVES FREELY ACROSS PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER = WATER +/-
29 ^ PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER INEFFICIENT WATER PASSAGE = WATER +/-
30 = WATER +/- AQUAPORIN PROTEIN
31 = WATER +/- AQUAPORIN PROTEIN
32 W AQUAPORIN PROTEIN = WATER +/-
33 EF WATER MOVES FREELY ACROSS AQUAPORIN PROTEIN = WATER +/-
34 ^ S AQUAPORIN PROTEIN EFFICIENT WATER PASSAGE = WATER +/-
35 = WATER +/- BIOLOGY MEMBRANE
36 ? WATER = WATER MOVES +/- FREELY ACROSS BIOLOGY MEMBRANE
37 QUESTION A WHAT DO BIOLOGISTS CALL WATER PASSAGE ACROSS A MEMBRANE IN RESPONSE TO SOLUTE CONCENTRATION? QUESTION
38 ANSWER ^ OSMOSIS ANSWER
39 OSMOSIS O
40 OSMOSIS
41 OSMOSIS > WATER PASSAGE ACROSS MEMBRANE IN RESPONSE TO SOLUTE CONCENTRATION OSMOSIS
42 OSMOSIS O CELL A CELL B = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE
43 OSMOSIS W CELL A OSMOSIS CELL B = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE
44 CELL A OSMOSIS WATER VIA OSMOSIS CELL B = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE
45 OSMOSIS P CELL A WATER VIA OSMOSIS CELL B = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE
46 CELL A OSMOSIS PASSIVE CELL B A = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE
47 CELL A OSMOSIS ATP EXPENSE: NO CELL B ^ = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE
48 TONICITY TERMS T
49 TONICITY
50 TONICITY I SOLUTION SOLUTE CONCENTRATION TONICITY
51 ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS
52 ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS H EQUAL SOLUTE CONCENTRATION ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS
53 HYPOTONIC SOLUTION
54 HYPOTONIC SOLUTION H LOWER SOLUTE CONCENTRATION HYPOTONIC SOLUTION
55 HYPERTONIC SOLUTION
56 HYPERTONIC SOLUTION AP HIGHER SOLUTE CONCENTRATION HYPERTONIC SOLUTION
57 TONICITY TERMS APPLIED
58 CELL A TONICITY CELL B = WATER MOLECULE = MEMBRANE
59 TONICITY E CELL A CELL B = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE
60 TONICITY I CELL A CELL B EQUAL SOLUTE = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE
61 TONICITY ^ + CELL A CELL B ISOTONIC SOLUTIONS = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE
62 TONICITY CELL A CELL B = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE
63 TONICITY G CELL A CELL B = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE
64 TONICITY ^ + CELL A CELL B GRADIENT = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE
65 TONICITY L CELL A CELL B = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE
66 TONICITY HY CELL A CELL B LOW SOLUTE = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE
67 TONICITY H CELL A CELL B HYPOTONIC SOLUTION = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE
68 TONICITY HY CELL A CELL B HYPOTONIC SOLUTION HIGH SOLUTE = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE
69 TONICITY > CELL A CELL B HYPOTONIC SOLUTION HYPERTONIC SOLUTION = WATER MOLECULE = POLAR SOLUTE MOLECULE = MEMBRANE
70 HYPOTONIC > % SOLUTIONS & HYPERTONIC SOLUTIONS --- RELATIVE TERMS
71 HYPOTONIC & HYPERTONIC RELATIVE TERMS % B 25% SOLUTE CELL A
72 HYPOTONIC & HYPERTONIC RELATIVE TERMS HY A 25% SOLUTE 50% SOLUTE CELL A CELL B
73 HYPOTONIC & HYPERTONIC RELATIVE TERMS HY B 25% SOLUTE 50% SOLUTE HYPOTONIC CELL A CELL B
74 HYPOTONIC & HYPERTONIC RELATIVE TERMS % C 25% SOLUTE 50% SOLUTE HYPOTONIC HYPERTONIC CELL A CELL B
75 HYPOTONIC & HYPERTONIC RELATIVE TERMS HY B 25% SOLUTE 50% SOLUTE 75% SOLUTE HYPERTONIC CELL A CELL B CELL C
76 HYPOTONIC & HYPERTONIC RELATIVE TERMS HY C 25% SOLUTE 50% SOLUTE 75% SOLUTE HYPOTONIC CELL A CELL B CELL C
77 HYPOTONIC & HYPERTONIC RELATIVE TERMS R 25% SOLUTE 50% SOLUTE 75% SOLUTE HYPOTONIC HYPERTONIC CELL A CELL B CELL C
78 HYPOTONIC & HYPERTONIC RELATIVE TERMS HY B 25% SOLUTE 50% SOLUTE CELL A CELL B
79 HYPOTONIC & HYPERTONIC RELATIVE TERMS R 25% SOLUTE 50% SOLUTE HYPOTONIC HYPERTONIC CELL A CELL B
80 HYPOTONIC & HYPERTONIC RELATIVE TERMS HY B 50% SOLUTE 75% SOLUTE CELL B CELL C
81 HYPOTONIC & HYPERTONIC RELATIVE TERMS > 50% SOLUTE 75% SOLUTE HYPOTONIC HYPERTONIC CELL B CELL C
82 HYPOTONIC ^ SOLUTIONS & HYPERTONIC SOLUTIONS --- RELATIVE TERMS
83 ^ OSMOSIS BONDED WATER VS OSMOSIS FREE WATER
84 OSMOSIS BONDED WATER
85 CELL A OSMOSIS CELL B = WATER MOLECULE POLAR = MEMBRANE
86 CELL A OSMOSIS CELL B W S = WATER MOLECULE POLAR = SOLUTE MOLECULE POLAR = MEMBRANE
87 BONDED WATER AT H - O + 8P - 8N 1 P PS + H 1 P SOLUTE POLAR WATER POLAR
88 BONDED WATER H + - 8P O - ATTRACT 1 P PS + 8N H 1 P SOLUTE POLAR WATER POLAR
89 BONDED WATER // H - O + - 8P 8N PS + 1 P H 1 P SOLUTE POLAR WATER POLAR
90 BONDED WATER BW H - O + - 8P PS + 1 P 8N H 1 P SOLUTE POLAR WATER POLAR // = HYDROGEN BOND
91 BONDED WATER H BONDED WATER - O + - 8P PS + 1 P 8N H 1 P SOLUTE POLAR WATER POLAR // = HYDROGEN BOND
92 BW CELL A OSMOSIS CELL B H-BONDS FORM = WATER MOLECULE POLAR = SOLUTE MOLECULE POLAR = MEMBRANE
93 CELL A OSMOSIS CELL B BONDED WATER = WATER MOLECULE POLAR = SOLUTE MOLECULE POLAR = MEMBRANE
94 CELL A OSMOSIS BONDED WATER CELL B BONDED WATER APPROACHES MEMBRANE BONDED WATER APPROACHES MEMBRANE = WATER MOLECULE POLAR = SOLUTE MOLECULE POLAR = MEMBRANE
95 CELL A OSMOSIS BONDED WATER CELL B BONDED WATER APPROACHES MEMBRANE BONDED WATER APPROACHES MEMBRANE = WATER MOLECULE POLAR = SOLUTE MOLECULE POLAR = MEMBRANE
96 CELL A OSMOSIS BONDED WATER CELL B BONDED WATER CONTACTS MEMBRANE BONDED WATER CONTACTS MEMBRANE = WATER MOLECULE POLAR = SOLUTE MOLECULE POLAR = MEMBRANE
97 OSMOSIS? CELL A BONDED WATER CELL B BONDED WATER DOES NOT CROSS MEMBRANE BONDED WATER DOES NOT CROSS MEMBRANE = WATER MOLECULE POLAR = SOLUTE MOLECULE POLAR = MEMBRANE
98 QUESTION ^ WHY DOES BONDED WATER NOT CROSS THE MEMBRANE? QUESTION
99 OSMOSIS BONDED WATER --- PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER
100 = WATER +/- PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER
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