Notes and Foldables. The first part of the power point should go in your notebook. The rest of the power point will go in there.

Transcription

1 PreAP Bio Foldables

2 Notes and Foldables The first part of the power point should go in your notebook Don t forget CORNEL STYLE NOTES The rest of the power point will go in there.

3 Vocabulary (In notebook) Hydrophobic molecule that does NOT want to be around water ** NONPOLAR (ex: oil) HATES WATER Hydrophilic molecule that wants to be around water -** POLAR (ex: sugar, salts, other waters) LOVES WATER

4 Phospholipids (In notebook) Draw this diagram in your notes Phosphate Head Lipid Tails

5 Cell (or Plasma) Membrane (In notebook) Phospholipid Bilayers lipid layers creates a water proof boundary for the cells (Purple Area)

6 Cell (or Plasma) Membrane (In notebook) * Cell membranes control what enters or leaves the cells

7 Vocabulary (In notebook) Solute a molecule that is being dissolved Ex: salt or sugar will dissolve in water NOTICE: Na + (Sodium Ion) Cl - (Chlorine Ion) look how the water molecules orient themselves to the + or solute ions

8 Vocabulary (In notebook) Solvent a molecule that can dissolve something Ex: Water (the universal solvent)

9 Vocabulary (In notebook) Solution made up of solvent and solutes Solute Water Solute

10 Vocabulary (In notebook) Concentration Gradient the difference between molecules (green hexagons) on opposite sides of the membrane

11 Notice the difference between HIGH concentration and LOW concentration High Concentration Low Concentration

12 IF they can, molecules will ALWAYS try to equal out on both sides

13 Vocabulary (In notebook) Equilibrium when solute amounts are EQUAL everywhere (usually referring to both sides of a membrane)

14 Vocabulary (In notebook) Permeable when molecules can cross a membrane

15 Vocabulary (In notebook) Selectively Permeable when certain molecules are allowed to cross a membrane

16 The rest of the slides go into your foldables

17 Cellular Transport Foldable

18 Cellular Transport Foldable Outside Picture of Simple Diffusion Picture of Facilitated Diffusion Picture of Osmosis 2 Pictures for Active Transport Cellular Transport Draw the images on the outside flaps for Simple Diffusion, Osmosis, Facilitated Diffusion, and Active Transport

19 Cellular Transport Foldable Inside Simple Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Osmosis Active Transport Lower inside flap Describe Simple Diffusion Lower inside flap Describe Facilitated Diffusion Lower inside flap Describe Osmosis Lower inside flap Describe Active Transport Cellular Transport Draw the pictures and describe the transport from the following slides

20 Picture for Simple Diffusion Outside Image HIGH Concentration LOW Concentration

21 Simple Diffusion (Inside lower flap) (Vocabulary) Diffusion - ALWAYS moves solutes from High Concentration Low Concentration (Down the concentration gradient) Simple diffusion allows molecules to move through the phospholipid bilayer without needing help. Diffusion NEVER needs energy (ATP)

22 Simple Diffusion (Inside lower flap if space is available) Examples: 1) perfume/cologne will diffuse through the entire room when someone sprays it. 2) if the room catches on fire, the students will diffuse from inside (High concentration) to outside (Low concentration) of students 3) a child going down a slide is like moving down the concentration gradient.

23 Picture for Facilitated Diffusion Outside Image HIGH Concentration LOW Concentration

24 Facilitated Diffusion (Inside lower flap) Facilitated Diffusion ALWAYS moves from High Concentration Low Concentration (Down the concentration gradient) (Vocabulary) Facilitated diffusion - REQUIRES a helper transport protein to get solute molecules across the phospholipid bilayer. Facilitated Diffusion NEVER needs energy (ATP)

25 Facilitated Diffusion (Inside lower flap) The solute molecules are either Too BIG or Too HYDROPHILIC to cross the lipid area of the phospholipid bilayer Transport proteins act as a tunnel that solutes travel through.

26 Picture for Osmosis Outside Image HIGH Concentration LOW Concentration

27 Osmosis (Inside lower flap) Osmosis ALWAYS moves from High Concentration Low Concentration (Down the concentration gradient) Osmosis REQUIRES a helper transport protein to get WATER molecules ( ) across the phospholipid bilayer. Osmosis NEVER needs energy (ATP)

28 Osmosis (Inside lower flap) (Vocabulary) Osmosis Movement of water across a membrane Water molecules will never be able to easily cross the lipid area of the phospholipid bilayer, but ALL CELLS NEED WATER Aquaporin is the transport protein that acts as a tunnel that solutes travel through.

29 2 Pictures for Active Transport Outside Image NOTICE: There are two pictures for Active Transport. Put one picture above the other on the inside upper flap Picture 1 Picture 2

30 Step 1for Active Transport Outside upper image LOW Concentration ATP ADP HIGH Concentration

31 Step 2 for Active Transport Outside lower image LOW Concentration HIGH Concentration

32 Active Transport (Inside lower flap) Active Transport ALWAYS moves from LOW Concentration HIGH Concentration (AGAINST the concentration gradient) (Vocabulary) Active Transport- ALWAYS REQUIRES ENERGY (ATP) and a helper transport protein to get solute molecules across the phospholipid bilayer AGAINST the concentration gradient Active Transport ALWAYS needs energy (ATP)

33 Active Transport (Inside lower flap) Ex: Think of a bouncer at a popular club. When the cell (club) is full, and a solute (person) wants to try and get in, they have to PAY the bouncer to let them sneak by. Money would be like the cell paying ATP energy to make the protein channel (bouncer) let the solute (person) in.

34 Active Transport (Inside lower flap) Active Transport is the only kind of cell movement that REQUIRES energy to work.

35 Tonic Solution Concentration Foldable (Use your other sheet of clean paper)

36 Tonic Solution Concentration Foldable Outside Hypertonic Isotonic Hypotonic Tonic Solution Concentration Label the outside flaps with Hypertonic, Isotonic, and Hypotonic

37 Tonic Solution Concentration Foldable Middle Hypertonic Explanation Isotonic Explanation Hypotonic Explanation

38 Tonic Solution Concentration Foldable Animal Cell diagrams before and after in hypertonic solution Animal Cell diagrams before and after in isotonic solution Animal Cell diagrams before and after in hypotonic solution Tonic Solution Concentration

39 Animal Cell Before and After Images The solid line is the membrane before, and the dotted line is where the was in the before. The dotted line is a marker, so you can show a new solid line for change in membrane position. Animal: Initial (show water movement w/ arrow) Animal: Final (show change in the cell/membrane) Solutes Water leaves the cell Cell Membrane shrinks

40 Tonic Solution Concentration Foldable Plant Cell diagrams before and after in hypertonic solution Plant Cell diagrams before and after in isotonic solution Plant Cell diagrams before and after in hypotonic solution Tonic Solution Concentration

41 Plant Cell Before and After Images The solid line is the membrane before, and the dotted line is where the was in the before. In plant cells the membrane is attached to the cell wall in places. Plant: Initial (show water movement w/ arrow) Plant: Final (show change in the cell/membrane/wall) Solutes Water leaves the cell Cell Membrane shrinks

42 Explanations of Tonicity The next 5 slides will go on the Explanation sections of the foldable.

43 Types of osmotic solutions Hypertonic Solution Low water purity (few water molecules) because of more solutes = water moves out & cell shrinks (Plasmolysis) Isotonic Solution Equal solutes & water molecules, so equal movement of water into and out of the cell Hypotonic Solution High water purity (lots of water molecules) & less solutes = water moves in & cell expands and may burst (Cytolysis)

44 Hypertonic Hypertonic means there are MORE solutes and less water in a solution

45 Isotonic Hypertonic means there are EQUAL amounts of solutes compared to water in a solution

46 Hypotonic Hypertonic means there are LESS solutes and more water in a solution

47 Osmosis Water ALWAYS moves from Hypotonic solutions to Hypertonic Solutions. HYPERTONIC HYPOTONIC

48 Cells in various solutions Copy this chart in your IAN Hypotonic Isotonic Hypertonic animal LYSE NORMAL PLASMOLYSIS Plant, fungus, algae, bacteria TURGID FLACCID

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50 Cells in hypotonic solution Cells in hypertonic solution Cells in isotonic solution