CAMBRIDGESHIRE COLLEGE OF ARTS AND TECHNOLOGY LIBRARY. This book is due for return on

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1 CAMBRIDGESHIRE COLLEGE OF ARTS AND TECHNOLOGY LIBRARY This book is due for return on

2 THE CELL MEMBRANE Its Role in Interaction with the Outside World

3 Herman M. Kalckar

4 THE CELL MEMBRANE Its Role in Interaction with the Outside World A Volume in Honor of Professor Herman Kalckar on His Seventy-fifth Birthday Edited by Edgar Haber Massachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts PLENUM PRESS NEW YORK AND LONDON

5 Main entry under title: The Cell membrane. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data "Proceedings of a meeting in honor of Professor Herman Kalckar, held December 6, 1983, at Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, under the sponsorship of Harvard Medical School"-T.p. verso. Bibliography: p. Includes index. 1. Cell membranes-congresses. 2. Kalckar, Herman M. (Herman Moritz), I. Kalckar, Herman M. (Herman Moritz), Haber, Edgar. III. Harvard Medical School. QH60l.C ' ISBN-13: e-isbn-13: DOl: / Proceedings of a meeting in honor of Professor Herman Kalckar, held December 6, 1983, at Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, under the sponsorship of Harvard Medical School Supported in part by the Upjohn Company; Burroughs-Wellcome; Merck, Sharp and Dohme; and Schering-Plough 1984 Plenum Press, New York Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1984 A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher

6 PREFACE The contents of this book reflect a symposium held in honor of Professor Herman Kalckar's seventy-fifth birthday. His impact on the history of biochemistry is reflected by the diversity of the contributions of his former students and friends. Speakers came from Asia, Europe, and the United States to discuss both procaryotes and eukaryotes. The unifying theme was the cell membrane, both its organization and its function. Ektobiology, a topic that has held the attention of Professor Kalckar for many years, was clearly defined as a central topic in biology. This subject deals with the key structure whereby the cell interacts with the outside world and which, in a sense, defines the boundary between what is the cell and what is not. Topics discussed include the biogenesis of membrane proteins, sugars and lipids, the role of membrane components in osmoregulation, and mechanisms of nutrient transport. Of great interest is the system for surface recognition evolved in vertebrates, exemplified by the HLA system of man. Neoplasia causes changes in the cell membrane that may be of significant future potential in the diagnosis and treatment of malignancies as well as in the understanding of the process of transformation. The changes in glycosphingolipids and carbohydrate antigens in relation to oncogenesis are detailed. I should like to recognize Doctors Kurt J. Isselbacher, Phillips W. Robbins, Victor Ginsburg, and Hiroshi Nikaido for their,assistance in organizing the symposium. Ms. Jean Brumbaugh deserves special thanks for putting this book together. Edgar Haber v

7 CONTENTS Herman Kalckar: An Appreciation Edgar Haber 1 The Cell Membrane of Procaryotes Outer Membrane Permeability of Gram-Negative Bacteria in Their Interaction with the Outside World Hiroshi Nikaido 7 Biogenesis of Membrane Lipoproteins in Bacteria Henry C. Wu 19 Periplasmic Membrane-Derived Oligosaccharides and Osmoregulation in Escherichia coli Eugene P. Kennedy 33 Approaches to the Biochemistry of Protein Secretion in Bacteria Bernard D. Davis, Stephen Lory, Michael Caulfield, and P.C. Tai 45 Two Mechanisms of Biosyntheses of Antibiotic Peptides Kiyoshi Kurahashi and Chika Nishio 55 Transmembrane Channels Made by Colicins S.E. Luria 67 Significance of Lipopolysaccharide Structure for Questions of Taxonomy and Phylogenetical Relatedness of Gram-Negative Bacteria Hubert Mayer 71 Cloning and Expression of Genes Encoding the nupg Nucleoside Transport System in Escherichia coli Agnete Munch-Petersen and Nina Jensen 85 vii

8 viii CONTENTS From Herman Kalckar's Galactose Recapture to the Galactose Chemoreceptor Winfried Boos 101 Glycerol Utilization by Facilitated Diffusion Coupled to Phosphorylation in Bacteria E.C.C. Lin 109 Mechanisms of Cellular Protein Localization S.A. Benson, E. Bremer, S. Garrett, D.R. Kiino, J.W. Shultz, T.J. Silhavy, E.J. Sodergren, R.K. Taylor, and N.J. Trun 131 The Cell Membrane of Eukaryotes Ektobiology, Growth Control and Cancer Arthur B. Pardee 149 Carbohydrate Antigens of Cell Surfaces Detected by Monoclonal Antibodies Victor Ginsburg 161 Studies on a Cancer Associated Glycoprotein Kurt J. Isselbacher and Daniel K. Podolsky 169 Glycosphingolipids as Markers for Development and Differentiation and as Regulators of Cell Proliferation Sen-itiroh Hakomori 181 Probing the Macrophage Surface: Alterations in Specific Surface Carbohydrates Accompany Macrophage Activation Arthur M. Mercurio, Gerald A. Schwarting, and Phillips W. Robbins 203 Harderian Gland as a Model Organ for Study of Lipid Metabolism Yousuke Seyama 217 Surface Changes Observed on Neural Tissues During Development of Avian Embryos Annette M.C. Rapin 239 Energy-Requiring Regulation of Hexose Transport, as Studied in Fibroblast Cultures of a Metabolic Mutant Herman M. Kalckar and Donna B. Ullrey 253 Human Histocompatibility Antigens: Genes and Proteins Jack L. Strominger 265

9 CONTENTS ix When Ecto and Endobiology Merge: Monitoring Ischemic Cell Death Edgar Haber Eukaryotic Transport Control: the Turnover Years C. William Christopher Index